linux内核定时器

https://www.cnblogs.com/chen-farsight/p/6226562.html 

linux内核定时器是一个结构体timer_list，定时器挂载在内核定时器链表上。

4.1.45版本内核：

struct timer_list {
	/*
	 * All fields that change during normal runtime grouped to the
	 * same cacheline
	 */
	struct list_head entry;//定时器列表元素
	unsigned long expires;//定时器定时时间
	struct tvec_base *base;

	void (*function)(unsigned long);//定时器回调函数，定时器时间到时执行该函数
	unsigned long data;//作为参数传递给定时器处理函数

	int slack;

#ifdef CONFIG_TIMER_STATS
	int start_pid;
	void *start_site;
	char start_comm[16];
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_LOCKDEP
	struct lockdep_map lockdep_map;
#endif
};

4.15.1内核版本：

struct timer_list {
	/*
	 * All fields that change during normal runtime grouped to the
	 * same cacheline
	 */
	struct hlist_node	entry;
	unsigned long		expires;
	void			(*function)(struct timer_list *);
	u32			flags;

#ifdef CONFIG_LOCKDEP
	struct lockdep_map	lockdep_map;
#endif
};

可以看到timer_list结构体相比较老版本，没有了data参数。

 初始化定时器可以用init_timer()函数，或者timer_setup()函数

init_timer()函数

大爷的，一个init_timer()函数搞这么复杂，绕这么多弯。

#define init_timer(timer)						\
	__init_timer((timer), 0)

#ifdef CONFIG_LOCKDEP
#define __init_timer(_timer, _flags)					\
	do {								\
		static struct lock_class_key __key;			\
		init_timer_key((_timer), (_flags), #_timer, &__key);	\
	} while (0)
#else
#define __init_timer(_timer, _flags)					\
	init_timer_key((_timer), (_flags), NULL, NULL)


/**
 * init_timer_key - initialize a timer
 * @timer: the timer to be initialized
 * @flags: timer flags
 * @name: name of the timer
 * @key: lockdep class key of the fake lock used for tracking timer
 *       sync lock dependencies
 *
 * init_timer_key() must be done to a timer prior calling *any* of the
 * other timer functions.
 */
void init_timer_key(struct timer_list *timer, unsigned int flags,
		    const char *name, struct lock_class_key *key)
{
	debug_init(timer);
	do_init_timer(timer, flags, name, key);
}


static void do_init_timer(struct timer_list *timer, unsigned int flags,
			  const char *name, struct lock_class_key *key)
{
	struct tvec_base *base = raw_cpu_read(tvec_bases);

	timer->entry.next = NULL;
	timer->base = (void *)((unsigned long)base | flags);
	timer->slack = -1;
#ifdef CONFIG_TIMER_STATS
	timer->start_site = NULL;
	timer->start_pid = -1;
	memset(timer->start_comm, 0, TASK_COMM_LEN);
#endif
	lockdep_init_map(&timer->lockdep_map, name, key, 0);
}

init_timer()函数中就是base,slack等不重要的乱七八糟的给初始化了。

关于timer_setup()函数，

老版本中是setup_timer()：

#define setup_timer(timer, fn, data)					\
	__setup_timer((timer), (fn), (data), 0)

https://www.cnblogs.com/chen-farsight/p/6226562.html

新版本中setup_timer函数变成了timer_setup函数，timer_setup函数使用见：

https://blog.csdn.net/tiantao2012/article/details/79324154
关于timer_setup宏：

/**
 * timer_setup - prepare a timer for first use
 * @timer: the timer in question
 * @callback: the function to call when timer expires
 * @flags: any TIMER_* flags
 *
 * Regular timer initialization should use either DEFINE_TIMER() above,
 * or timer_setup(). For timers on the stack, timer_setup_on_stack() must
 * be used and must be balanced with a call to destroy_timer_on_stack().
 */
#define timer_setup(timer, callback, flags)			\
	__init_timer((timer), (callback), (flags))


#ifdef CONFIG_LOCKDEP
#define __init_timer(_timer, _fn, _flags)				\
	do {								\
		static struct lock_class_key __key;			\
		init_timer_key((_timer), (_fn), (_flags), #_timer, &__key);\
	} while (0)
#else
#define __init_timer(_timer, _fn, _flags)				\
	init_timer_key((_timer), (_fn), (_flags), NULL, NULL)
#endif

其实两种初始化方法差不多，最后都调用了init_timer_key()函数，只不过timer_setup宏多了一个回调函数参数。

注意，无论用哪种方法初始化，其本质都只是给字段赋值，所以只要在运行 add_timer() 之前，expires, function 和 data 字段都可以直接再修改。 

/* 实现每隔一秒向内核log中打印一条信息 */
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/time.h>
#include <linux/timer.h>

static struct timer_list tm;
struct timeval oldtv;

void callback(struct timer_list *arg)
{
    struct timeval tv;
    
    printk("--%s: %lu--\n", __func__, jiffies);

    do_gettimeofday(&tv);
    printk("%s: %ld, %ld\n", __func__,
        tv.tv_sec - oldtv.tv_sec,        //与上次中断间隔 s
        tv.tv_usec- oldtv.tv_usec);        //与上次中断间隔 ms
    

    oldtv = tv;
    tm.expires = jiffies+1*HZ;    
    add_timer(&tm);        //重新开始计时
}

static int __init demo_init(void)
{
    printk(KERN_INFO "%s : %s : %d - ok.\n", __FILE__, __func__, __LINE__);

    timer_setup(&tm,callback,0);

    do_gettimeofday(&oldtv);        //获取当前时间
    tm.expires = jiffies+1*HZ;        //定时时间
    add_timer(&tm);        //注册定时器

    return 0;
}

static void __exit demo_exit(void)
{
    printk(KERN_INFO "%s : %s : %d - ok.\n", __FILE__, __func__, __LINE__);
    del_timer(&tm);        //注销定时器
}

module_init(demo_init);
module_exit(demo_exit);

MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
MODULE_AUTHOR("Farsight");
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Demo for kernel module");

https://www.iteye.com/blog/allenshao-982270 

https://www.jb51.net/article/126465.htm

del_timer(struct timer_list *timer)

注销一个定时器，可以通过  del_timer(struct timer_list *timer)  或  del_timer_sync(struct timer_list *timer) 。 

/**
 * del_timer - deactive a timer.
 * @timer: the timer to be deactivated
 *
 * del_timer() deactivates a timer - this works on both active and inactive
 * timers.
 *
 * The function returns whether it has deactivated a pending timer or not.
 * (ie. del_timer() of an inactive timer returns 0, del_timer() of an
 * active timer returns 1.)
 */
int del_timer(struct timer_list *timer)
{
	struct tvec_base *base;
	unsigned long flags;
	int ret = 0;

	debug_assert_init(timer);

	timer_stats_timer_clear_start_info(timer);
	if (timer_pending(timer)) {
		base = lock_timer_base(timer, &flags);
		ret = detach_if_pending(timer, base, true);
		spin_unlock_irqrestore(&base->lock, flags);
	}

	return ret;
}

 其中 del_timer_sync 是用在 SMP 系统上的（在非SMP系统上，它等于del_timer），当要被注销的定时器函数正在另一个 cpu 上运行时，del_timer_sync() 会等待其运行完，所以这个函数会休眠。另外还应避免它和被调度的函数争用同一个锁。对于一个已经被运行过且没有重新注册自己的定时器而言，注销函数其实也没什么事可做。 

jiffies:

jiffies是内核中的一个全局变量，用来记录自系统启动一来产生的节拍数。譬如，如果计算系统运行了多长时间，可以用 jiffies/tick rate 来计算。

https://blog.csdn.net/qq_33160790/article/details/78660039

可以使用jiffies来定时。

https://www.cnblogs.com/simonshi/archive/2010/12/13/1694819.html

https://blog.csdn.net/u011387543/article/details/80351384