含义:虚拟表,和普通表格一样使用
mysql5.1版本出现的新特性,行和列的数据来自定义视图的查询中使用的表,并且是在使用视图时动态生成的,只保存了sql逻辑,不保存查询结果。
应用场景:多个地方用到同样的查询结果;该查询结果使用的sql语句较复杂。
特点:
(1)实现了sql语句的重用
(2)简化复杂的sql操作,不必知道他的查询细节
(3)保护数据,提高安全性
eg1.查询姓张的学生名和专业名
CREATE VIEW vl
AS
SELECT studentname,majorname
FROM student AS s
INNER JOIN major AS m
ON s.`majorid`=m.`majorid`;
SELECT * FROM vl WHERE studentname LIKE '张%';
一、视图的创建
语法:
CREATE VIEW 视图名
AS
查询语句;
eg1.查询姓名中包含a字符的员工名、部门名和工种信息
CREATE VIEW vl1
AS
SELECT last_name,department_name,j.*
FROM employees AS e
INNER JOIN departments AS d
ON e.department_id=d.department_id
INNER JOIN jobs AS j
ON e.job_id=j.job_id;
SELECT *
FROM vl1
WHERE last_name LIKE '%a%';
eg2.查询各部门的平均工资级别
CREATE VIEW vl2
AS
SELECT AVG(salary) AS avgs,department_id
FROM employees AS e
GROUP BY department_id;
SELECT vl2.*,j.`grade_level`
FROM vl2
INNER JOIN job_grades AS j
ON vl2.`avgs` BETWEEN j.`lowest_sal` AND j.`highest_sal`;
eg3.查询平均工资最低的部门
SELECT vl2.*
FROM vl2
ORDER BY vl2.`avgs`
LIMIT 1;
eg4.查询平均工资最低的部门名和工资
CREATE VIEW myv3
AS
SELECT vl2.*
FROM vl2
ORDER BY vl2.`avgs`
LIMIT 1;
SELECT myv3.`avgs`,d.*
FROM myv3
INNER JOIN departments AS d
ON d.`department_id`=myv3.`department_id`;
二、视图的修改
#方式一:
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW 视图名
AS
查询语句;
#方式二:
ALTER VIEW 视图名
AS
查询语句;
三、视图的删除
语法:
DROP VIEW 视图名1,视图名2……;
四、视图结构的查看
DESC 视图名;
或:
SHOW CREATE VIEW 视图名;
SHOW CREATE VIEW 视图名\G;
五、视图的更新(数据更新)
具备以下特点的视图不允许更新(增删改):
(1)包含以下关键字的sql语句:分组函数、distinct、group by、having、union或union all
(2)常量视图
(3)select中包含子查询
(4)join(可以update,不能insert)
(5)from一个不能更新的视图
(6)where子句的子查询引用了from子句中的表
eg.
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW myv5
AS
SELECT last_name,email,salary
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id IN(
SELECT manager_id
FROM employees
WHERE manager_id IS NOT NULL
);
#视图和表的区别:
1、创建语法不同,视图为create view;表为create table
2、视图没有实际占用物理空间(只保存了sql逻辑),表占用实际物理空间(保存了数据)
3、视图一般不能增删改,可以查;表可以增删改查