深入研究Hibernate之七：一级缓存

先从N+1问题说起吧，看如下查询：

@Test
	public void test1() {


		Session session = null;


		try {
			session = HibernateUtils.openSession();
			// N+1问题
			Iterator<Classroom> iter = session.createQuery("from Classroom")
					.iterate();
			while (iter.hasNext()) {
				System.out.println(iter.next().getName());
			}


		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
		}


	}

运行之，发出如下SQL：

Hibernate: select classroom0_.id as col_0_0_ from t_cla classroom0_
Hibernate: select classroom0_.id as id0_0_, classroom0_.name as name0_0_, classroom0_.grade as grade0_0_, classroom0_.spe_id as spe4_0_0_ from t_cla classroom0_ where classroom0_.id=?
org.yanglg.model.Classroom@115126e
Hibernate: select classroom0_.id as id0_0_, classroom0_.name as name0_0_, classroom0_.grade as grade0_0_, classroom0_.spe_id as spe4_0_0_ from t_cla classroom0_ where classroom0_.id=?
org.yanglg.model.Classroom@12a73d9
Hibernate: select classroom0_.id as id0_0_, classroom0_.name as name0_0_, classroom0_.grade as grade0_0_, classroom0_.spe_id as spe4_0_0_ from t_cla classroom0_ where classroom0_.id=?
org.yanglg.model.Classroom@18d30fb
Hibernate: select classroom0_.id as id0_0_, classroom0_.name as name0_0_, classroom0_.grade as grade0_0_, classroom0_.spe_id as spe4_0_0_ from t_cla classroom0_ where classroom0_.id=?
org.yanglg.model.Classroom@8dcd5d
Hibernate: select classroom0_.id as id0_0_, classroom0_.name as name0_0_, classroom0_.grade as grade0_0_, classroom0_.spe_id as spe4_0_0_ from t_cla classroom0_ where classroom0_.id=?
org.yanglg.model.Classroom@159780d
Hibernate: select classroom0_.id as id0_0_, classroom0_.name as name0_0_, classroom0_.grade as grade0_0_, classroom0_.spe_id as spe4_0_0_ from t_cla classroom0_ where classroom0_.id=?
org.yanglg.model.Classroom@eafb71
Hibernate: select classroom0_.id as id0_0_, classroom0_.name as name0_0_, classroom0_.grade as grade0_0_, classroom0_.spe_id as spe4_0_0_ from t_cla classroom0_ where classroom0_.id=?
org.yanglg.model.Classroom@82d210
Hibernate: select classroom0_.id as id0_0_, classroom0_.name as name0_0_, classroom0_.grade as grade0_0_, classroom0_.spe_id as spe4_0_0_ from t_cla classroom0_ where classroom0_.id=?
org.yanglg.model.Classroom@48f675
Hibernate: select classroom0_.id as id0_0_, classroom0_.name as name0_0_, classroom0_.grade as grade0_0_, classroom0_.spe_id as spe4_0_0_ from t_cla classroom0_ where classroom0_.id=?
org.yanglg.model.Classroom@1a3ca10
Hibernate: select classroom0_.id as id0_0_, classroom0_.name as name0_0_, classroom0_.grade as grade0_0_, classroom0_.spe_id as spe4_0_0_ from t_cla classroom0_ where classroom0_.id=?
org.yanglg.model.Classroom@6c5482
Hibernate: select classroom0_.id as id0_0_, classroom0_.name as name0_0_, classroom0_.grade as grade0_0_, classroom0_.spe_id as spe4_0_0_ from t_cla classroom0_ where classroom0_.id=?
org.yanglg.model.Classroom@9fea8a
Hibernate: select classroom0_.id as id0_0_, classroom0_.name as name0_0_, classroom0_.grade as grade0_0_, classroom0_.spe_id as spe4_0_0_ from t_cla classroom0_ where classroom0_.id=?
org.yanglg.model.Classroom@467991
Hibernate: select classroom0_.id as id0_0_, classroom0_.name as name0_0_, classroom0_.grade as grade0_0_, classroom0_.spe_id as spe4_0_0_ from t_cla classroom0_ where classroom0_.id=?
org.yanglg.model.Classroom@1f1cbf6
Hibernate: select classroom0_.id as id0_0_, classroom0_.name as name0_0_, classroom0_.grade as grade0_0_, classroom0_.spe_id as spe4_0_0_ from t_cla classroom0_ where classroom0_.id=?
org.yanglg.model.Classroom@8e4805
Hibernate: select classroom0_.id as id0_0_, classroom0_.name as name0_0_, classroom0_.grade as grade0_0_, classroom0_.spe_id as spe4_0_0_ from t_cla classroom0_ where classroom0_.id=?
org.yanglg.model.Classroom@1b7c76
Hibernate: select classroom0_.id as id0_0_, classroom0_.name as name0_0_, classroom0_.grade as grade0_0_, classroom0_.spe_id as spe4_0_0_ from t_cla classroom0_ where classroom0_.id=?
org.yanglg.model.Classroom@56b93a
Hibernate: select classroom0_.id as id0_0_, classroom0_.name as name0_0_, classroom0_.grade as grade0_0_, classroom0_.spe_id as spe4_0_0_ from t_cla classroom0_ where classroom0_.id=?
org.yanglg.model.Classroom@3a0ab1
Hibernate: select classroom0_.id as id0_0_, classroom0_.name as name0_0_, classroom0_.grade as grade0_0_, classroom0_.spe_id as spe4_0_0_ from t_cla classroom0_ where classroom0_.id=?
org.yanglg.model.Classroom@179d854
Hibernate: select classroom0_.id as id0_0_, classroom0_.name as name0_0_, classroom0_.grade as grade0_0_, classroom0_.spe_id as spe4_0_0_ from t_cla classroom0_ where classroom0_.id=?
org.yanglg.model.Classroom@3a835d
Hibernate: select classroom0_.id as id0_0_, classroom0_.name as name0_0_, classroom0_.grade as grade0_0_, classroom0_.spe_id as spe4_0_0_ from t_cla classroom0_ where classroom0_.id=?
org.yanglg.model.Classroom@cfe049
Hibernate: select classroom0_.id as id0_0_, classroom0_.name as name0_0_, classroom0_.grade as grade0_0_, classroom0_.spe_id as spe4_0_0_ from t_cla classroom0_ where classroom0_.id=?
org.yanglg.model.Classroom@179f36b
Hibernate: select classroom0_.id as id0_0_, classroom0_.name as name0_0_, classroom0_.grade as grade0_0_, classroom0_.spe_id as spe4_0_0_ from t_cla classroom0_ where classroom0_.id=?
org.yanglg.model.Classroom@a8e586
Hibernate: select classroom0_.id as id0_0_, classroom0_.name as name0_0_, classroom0_.grade as grade0_0_, classroom0_.spe_id as spe4_0_0_ from t_cla classroom0_ where classroom0_.id=?
org.yanglg.model.Classroom@1afb0c7
Hibernate: select classroom0_.id as id0_0_, classroom0_.name as name0_0_, classroom0_.grade as grade0_0_, classroom0_.spe_id as spe4_0_0_ from t_cla classroom0_ where classroom0_.id=?
org.yanglg.model.Classroom@89e2f1

这说明：Iterator方法先查询出所有的ID，然后当需要的时候再逐个查出，这就出现的经典的N+1问题，很明显，iterator不是这样用的。

再看：

@Test
	public void test2() {

		Session session = null;

		try {
			session = HibernateUtils.openSession();
			List<Classroom> list = session.createQuery("from Classroom").list();
			// N+1问题
			List<Classroom> list2 = session.createQuery("from Classroom")
					.list();

		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
		}

	}

这里取出两个List，发出如下SQL：

Hibernate: select classroom0_.id as id0_, classroom0_.name as name0_, classroom0_.grade as grade0_, classroom0_.spe_id as spe4_0_ from t_cla classroom0_
Hibernate: select classroom0_.id as id0_, classroom0_.name as name0_, classroom0_.grade as grade0_, classroom0_.spe_id as spe4_0_ from t_cla classroom0_

很明显，有点占用内存了。

再看一下，经典来了！

@Test
	public void test2() {

		Session session = null;

		try {
			session = HibernateUtils.openSession();
			List<Classroom> list = session.createQuery("from Classroom").list();
			// N+1问题
			Iterator<Classroom> iter = session.createQuery("from Classroom")
					.iterate();

			while (iter.hasNext()) {

				System.out.println(iter.next().getName());
			}

		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
		}

	}

这里先用List，然后iterator，发出如下SQL：

Hibernate: select classroom0_.id as id0_, classroom0_.name as name0_, classroom0_.grade as grade0_, classroom0_.spe_id as spe4_0_ from t_cla classroom0_
Hibernate: select classroom0_.id as col_0_0_ from t_cla classroom0_

此时，木有出现N+1问题，为什么呢！因为有hibernate的一级缓存存在！等到list执行完成，session会将数据缓存到内存中，然后iterator时执行查询所有id，发现缓存里都有，所以就不再发语句了！

然后咱们再看一下一级缓存的作用域

@Test
	public void test5() {

		Session session = null;

		try {
			session = HibernateUtils.openSession();
			List<Classroom> list = session.createQuery("from Classroom").list();
			// N+1问题
			List<Classroom> list2 = session.createQuery("from Classroom")
					.list();

		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
		}

		try {
			session = HibernateUtils.openSession();

			Iterator<Classroom> iter = session.createQuery("from Classroom")
					.iterate();
			
			while (iter.hasNext()) {
				System.out.println(iter.next());
			}

		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
		}

	}

此时，发出SQL如下：

Hibernate: select classroom0_.id as id0_, classroom0_.name as name0_, classroom0_.grade as grade0_, classroom0_.spe_id as spe4_0_ from t_cla classroom0_
Hibernate: select classroom0_.id as col_0_0_ from t_cla classroom0_
Hibernate: select classroom0_.id as id0_0_, classroom0_.name as name0_0_, classroom0_.grade as grade0_0_, classroom0_.spe_id as spe4_0_0_ from t_cla classroom0_ where classroom0_.id=?
org.yanglg.model.Classroom@d480ea
Hibernate: select classroom0_.id as id0_0_, classroom0_.name as name0_0_, classroom0_.grade as grade0_0_, classroom0_.spe_id as spe4_0_0_ from t_cla classroom0_ where classroom0_.id=?
org.yanglg.model.Classroom@913dc1
Hibernate: select classroom0_.id as id0_0_, classroom0_.name as name0_0_, classroom0_.grade as grade0_0_, classroom0_.spe_id as spe4_0_0_ from t_cla classroom0_ where classroom0_.id=?
org.yanglg.model.Classroom@1f98d58
Hibernate: select classroom0_.id as id0_0_, classroom0_.name as name0_0_, classroom0_.grade as grade0_0_, classroom0_.spe_id as spe4_0_0_ from t_cla classroom0_ where classroom0_.id=?
org.yanglg.model.Classroom@9fe84e
Hibernate: select classroom0_.id as id0_0_, classroom0_.name as name0_0_, classroom0_.grade as grade0_0_, classroom0_.spe_id as spe4_0_0_ from t_cla classroom0_ where classroom0_.id=?
org.yanglg.model.Classroom@9300cc
Hibernate: select classroom0_.id as id0_0_, classroom0_.name as name0_0_, classroom0_.grade as grade0_0_, classroom0_.spe_id as spe4_0_0_ from t_cla classroom0_ where classroom0_.id=?
org.yanglg.model.Classroom@9bad5a
Hibernate: select classroom0_.id as id0_0_, classroom0_.name as name0_0_, classroom0_.grade as grade0_0_, classroom0_.spe_id as spe4_0_0_ from t_cla classroom0_ where classroom0_.id=?
org.yanglg.model.Classroom@940f82
Hibernate: select classroom0_.id as id0_0_, classroom0_.name as name0_0_, classroom0_.grade as grade0_0_, classroom0_.spe_id as spe4_0_0_ from t_cla classroom0_ where classroom0_.id=?
org.yanglg.model.Classroom@179d854
Hibernate: select classroom0_.id as id0_0_, classroom0_.name as name0_0_, classroom0_.grade as grade0_0_, classroom0_.spe_id as spe4_0_0_ from t_cla classroom0_ where classroom0_.id=?
org.yanglg.model.Classroom@1867df9
Hibernate: select classroom0_.id as id0_0_, classroom0_.name as name0_0_, classroom0_.grade as grade0_0_, classroom0_.spe_id as spe4_0_0_ from t_cla classroom0_ where classroom0_.id=?
org.yanglg.model.Classroom@18e18a3
Hibernate: select classroom0_.id as id0_0_, classroom0_.name as name0_0_, classroom0_.grade as grade0_0_, classroom0_.spe_id as spe4_0_0_ from t_cla classroom0_ where classroom0_.id=?
org.yanglg.model.Classroom@6f8b2b
Hibernate: select classroom0_.id as id0_0_, classroom0_.name as name0_0_, classroom0_.grade as grade0_0_, classroom0_.spe_id as spe4_0_0_ from t_cla classroom0_ where classroom0_.id=?
org.yanglg.model.Classroom@1bc1fb9
Hibernate: select classroom0_.id as id0_0_, classroom0_.name as name0_0_, classroom0_.grade as grade0_0_, classroom0_.spe_id as spe4_0_0_ from t_cla classroom0_ where classroom0_.id=?
org.yanglg.model.Classroom@1117a20
Hibernate: select classroom0_.id as id0_0_, classroom0_.name as name0_0_, classroom0_.grade as grade0_0_, classroom0_.spe_id as spe4_0_0_ from t_cla classroom0_ where classroom0_.id=?
org.yanglg.model.Classroom@18efaea
Hibernate: select classroom0_.id as id0_0_, classroom0_.name as name0_0_, classroom0_.grade as grade0_0_, classroom0_.spe_id as spe4_0_0_ from t_cla classroom0_ where classroom0_.id=?
org.yanglg.model.Classroom@16504fa
Hibernate: select classroom0_.id as id0_0_, classroom0_.name as name0_0_, classroom0_.grade as grade0_0_, classroom0_.spe_id as spe4_0_0_ from t_cla classroom0_ where classroom0_.id=?
org.yanglg.model.Classroom@5dfaf1
Hibernate: select classroom0_.id as id0_0_, classroom0_.name as name0_0_, classroom0_.grade as grade0_0_, classroom0_.spe_id as spe4_0_0_ from t_cla classroom0_ where classroom0_.id=?
org.yanglg.model.Classroom@edbe39
Hibernate: select classroom0_.id as id0_0_, classroom0_.name as name0_0_, classroom0_.grade as grade0_0_, classroom0_.spe_id as spe4_0_0_ from t_cla classroom0_ where classroom0_.id=?
org.yanglg.model.Classroom@bd09e8
Hibernate: select classroom0_.id as id0_0_, classroom0_.name as name0_0_, classroom0_.grade as grade0_0_, classroom0_.spe_id as spe4_0_0_ from t_cla classroom0_ where classroom0_.id=?
org.yanglg.model.Classroom@20807c
Hibernate: select classroom0_.id as id0_0_, classroom0_.name as name0_0_, classroom0_.grade as grade0_0_, classroom0_.spe_id as spe4_0_0_ from t_cla classroom0_ where classroom0_.id=?
org.yanglg.model.Classroom@10a5c21
Hibernate: select classroom0_.id as id0_0_, classroom0_.name as name0_0_, classroom0_.grade as grade0_0_, classroom0_.spe_id as spe4_0_0_ from t_cla classroom0_ where classroom0_.id=?
org.yanglg.model.Classroom@98350a
Hibernate: select classroom0_.id as id0_0_, classroom0_.name as name0_0_, classroom0_.grade as grade0_0_, classroom0_.spe_id as spe4_0_0_ from t_cla classroom0_ where classroom0_.id=?
org.yanglg.model.Classroom@670479
Hibernate: select classroom0_.id as id0_0_, classroom0_.name as name0_0_, classroom0_.grade as grade0_0_, classroom0_.spe_id as spe4_0_0_ from t_cla classroom0_ where classroom0_.id=?
org.yanglg.model.Classroom@9b1670
Hibernate: select classroom0_.id as id0_0_, classroom0_.name as name0_0_, classroom0_.grade as grade0_0_, classroom0_.spe_id as spe4_0_0_ from t_cla classroom0_ where classroom0_.id=?
org.yanglg.model.Classroom@3f4ebd

又出现了N+1，哦哦，session一关闭，缓存就不存在了，这充分说明了一个问题，一级缓存的作用域只在session内！

再来：

@Test
	public void test6() {

		Session session = null;

		try {
			session = HibernateUtils.openSession();
			// List<Classroom> list =
			// session.createQuery("from Classroom").list();

			session.createQuery("select cla.name,cla.id from Classroom cla")
					.list();

			Iterator<Classroom> iter = session.createQuery("from Classroom")
					.iterate();

			while (iter.hasNext()) {
				System.out.println(iter.next());
			}

		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
		}

	}

发出SQL：

Hibernate: select classroom0_.name as col_0_0_, classroom0_.id as col_1_0_ from t_cla classroom0_
Hibernate: select classroom0_.id as col_0_0_ from t_cla classroom0_
Hibernate: select classroom0_.id as id0_0_, classroom0_.name as name0_0_, classroom0_.grade as grade0_0_, classroom0_.spe_id as spe4_0_0_ from t_cla classroom0_ where classroom0_.id=?
org.yanglg.model.Classroom@dd75a4
Hibernate: select classroom0_.id as id0_0_, classroom0_.name as name0_0_, classroom0_.grade as grade0_0_, classroom0_.spe_id as spe4_0_0_ from t_cla classroom0_ where classroom0_.id=?
org.yanglg.model.Classroom@146b6db
Hibernate: select classroom0_.id as id0_0_, classroom0_.name as name0_0_, classroom0_.grade as grade0_0_, classroom0_.spe_id as spe4_0_0_ from t_cla classroom0_ where classroom0_.id=?
org.yanglg.model.Classroom@121df2a
Hibernate: select classroom0_.id as id0_0_, classroom0_.name as name0_0_, classroom0_.grade as grade0_0_, classroom0_.spe_id as spe4_0_0_ from t_cla classroom0_ where classroom0_.id=?
org.yanglg.model.Classroom@ad2c30
Hibernate: select classroom0_.id as id0_0_, classroom0_.name as name0_0_, classroom0_.grade as grade0_0_, classroom0_.spe_id as spe4_0_0_ from t_cla classroom0_ where classroom0_.id=?
org.yanglg.model.Classroom@2c9103
Hibernate: select classroom0_.id as id0_0_, classroom0_.name as name0_0_, classroom0_.grade as grade0_0_, classroom0_.spe_id as spe4_0_0_ from t_cla classroom0_ where classroom0_.id=?
org.yanglg.model.Classroom@26f9e5
Hibernate: select classroom0_.id as id0_0_, classroom0_.name as name0_0_, classroom0_.grade as grade0_0_, classroom0_.spe_id as spe4_0_0_ from t_cla classroom0_ where classroom0_.id=?
org.yanglg.model.Classroom@205756
Hibernate: select classroom0_.id as id0_0_, classroom0_.name as name0_0_, classroom0_.grade as grade0_0_, classroom0_.spe_id as spe4_0_0_ from t_cla classroom0_ where classroom0_.id=?
org.yanglg.model.Classroom@df2d38
Hibernate: select classroom0_.id as id0_0_, classroom0_.name as name0_0_, classroom0_.grade as grade0_0_, classroom0_.spe_id as spe4_0_0_ from t_cla classroom0_ where classroom0_.id=?
org.yanglg.model.Classroom@d75c47
Hibernate: select classroom0_.id as id0_0_, classroom0_.name as name0_0_, classroom0_.grade as grade0_0_, classroom0_.spe_id as spe4_0_0_ from t_cla classroom0_ where classroom0_.id=?
org.yanglg.model.Classroom@504ec1
Hibernate: select classroom0_.id as id0_0_, classroom0_.name as name0_0_, classroom0_.grade as grade0_0_, classroom0_.spe_id as spe4_0_0_ from t_cla classroom0_ where classroom0_.id=?
org.yanglg.model.Classroom@16877f8
Hibernate: select classroom0_.id as id0_0_, classroom0_.name as name0_0_, classroom0_.grade as grade0_0_, classroom0_.spe_id as spe4_0_0_ from t_cla classroom0_ where classroom0_.id=?
org.yanglg.model.Classroom@18adae2
Hibernate: select classroom0_.id as id0_0_, classroom0_.name as name0_0_, classroom0_.grade as grade0_0_, classroom0_.spe_id as spe4_0_0_ from t_cla classroom0_ where classroom0_.id=?
org.yanglg.model.Classroom@134eb84
Hibernate: select classroom0_.id as id0_0_, classroom0_.name as name0_0_, classroom0_.grade as grade0_0_, classroom0_.spe_id as spe4_0_0_ from t_cla classroom0_ where classroom0_.id=?
org.yanglg.model.Classroom@16d8196
Hibernate: select classroom0_.id as id0_0_, classroom0_.name as name0_0_, classroom0_.grade as grade0_0_, classroom0_.spe_id as spe4_0_0_ from t_cla classroom0_ where classroom0_.id=?
org.yanglg.model.Classroom@adae91
Hibernate: select classroom0_.id as id0_0_, classroom0_.name as name0_0_, classroom0_.grade as grade0_0_, classroom0_.spe_id as spe4_0_0_ from t_cla classroom0_ where classroom0_.id=?
org.yanglg.model.Classroom@91f005
Hibernate: select classroom0_.id as id0_0_, classroom0_.name as name0_0_, classroom0_.grade as grade0_0_, classroom0_.spe_id as spe4_0_0_ from t_cla classroom0_ where classroom0_.id=?
org.yanglg.model.Classroom@cfe049
Hibernate: select classroom0_.id as id0_0_, classroom0_.name as name0_0_, classroom0_.grade as grade0_0_, classroom0_.spe_id as spe4_0_0_ from t_cla classroom0_ where classroom0_.id=?
org.yanglg.model.Classroom@179f36b
Hibernate: select classroom0_.id as id0_0_, classroom0_.name as name0_0_, classroom0_.grade as grade0_0_, classroom0_.spe_id as spe4_0_0_ from t_cla classroom0_ where classroom0_.id=?
org.yanglg.model.Classroom@12b19c5
Hibernate: select classroom0_.id as id0_0_, classroom0_.name as name0_0_, classroom0_.grade as grade0_0_, classroom0_.spe_id as spe4_0_0_ from t_cla classroom0_ where classroom0_.id=?
org.yanglg.model.Classroom@1c6e818
Hibernate: select classroom0_.id as id0_0_, classroom0_.name as name0_0_, classroom0_.grade as grade0_0_, classroom0_.spe_id as spe4_0_0_ from t_cla classroom0_ where classroom0_.id=?
org.yanglg.model.Classroom@68cd79
Hibernate: select classroom0_.id as id0_0_, classroom0_.name as name0_0_, classroom0_.grade as grade0_0_, classroom0_.spe_id as spe4_0_0_ from t_cla classroom0_ where classroom0_.id=?
org.yanglg.model.Classroom@2515
Hibernate: select classroom0_.id as id0_0_, classroom0_.name as name0_0_, classroom0_.grade as grade0_0_, classroom0_.spe_id as spe4_0_0_ from t_cla classroom0_ where classroom0_.id=?
org.yanglg.model.Classroom@d0357a
Hibernate: select classroom0_.id as id0_0_, classroom0_.name as name0_0_, classroom0_.grade as grade0_0_, classroom0_.spe_id as spe4_0_0_ from t_cla classroom0_ where classroom0_.id=?
org.yanglg.model.Classroom@1fb3211

又是N+1，这又说明了什么？缓存缓的不是属性，是对象！！！