Python学习笔记-if语句

1、if语句的本质

• 每条if语句都是一个条件测试的表达式，其值为True或者False。

2、简单使用

cars = ['audi', 'bmw', 'subaru', 'toyota']
for car in cars:
	if car == 'bmw':
		print(car.upper())
	else:
		print(car.title())

3、一些特性和使用

1. 区分大小写

car = 'bmw'
print(car == 'BMW')
print(car.upper() == 'BMW')

2. 检查是否不等

#使用 != 表示不等于
requested_topping = 'mushrooms'
if requested_topping != 'fishes':
	print("I want fishes")

3. 其他条件

age = 19
if age < 19:
	print("age < 19")
if age <= 19:
	print("age <= 19")
if age >= 19:
	print("age >= 19")
if age >19:
	print("age > 19")

4. 检查多个条件

age_1 = 11
age_2 = 22

#使用and检查多个条件
if age_1<15 and age_2>15:
	print("age_1 < 15 and age_2 > 15")

#使用or检查多个条件
if age_1<15 or age_2>23:
	print("age_1 < 15 or age_2 > 23")

5. 检查特定值是否包含在列表中-in

requested_toppings = ['mushrooms', 'onions', 'pineapple']
print('mushrooms' in requested_toppings)
print('pepperoni' in requested_toppings)

6. 检查特定值是否不包含在列表中-not in

banned_users = ['andrew', 'carolina', 'david']
user = 'marie'
if user not in banned_users:
	print(user.title() + ", you can post a response if you wish.")

7. if-else语句

age = 18
if age >= 18:
	print("You are old enough to vote!")
else:
	print("Sorry, you are too young to vote.")

8. if-elif-else语句

age = 12
if age < 4:
	print("Your admission cost is $0.")
elif age < 18:
	print("Your admission cost is $5.")
else:
	print("Your admission cost is $10.")

9. 确定列表不是空的

requested_toppings = []
if requested_toppings:
	for requested_topping in requested_toppings:
		print("Adding " + requested_topping + ".")
		print("\n Finished making your pizza!")
else:
	print("Are you sure you want a plain pizza?")

10. 使用多个列表

available_toppings = ['mushrooms', 'olives', 'green peppers', 'pepperoni'
					'pineapple', 'extra cheese']
requested_toppings = ['mushrooms', 'french fries', 'extra cheese']

for requested_topping in requested_toppings:
	if requested_topping in available_toppings:
		print("Adding " + requested_topping + ".")
	else:
		print("Sorry, we don't have " + requested_topping + ".")