一、一对一映射简介
一对一关联映射有两种实现策略:
第一种:主键关联,即让两个对象具有相同的主键值,以表明它们之间的一一对应的关系;数据库表不会有额外的字段来维护它们之间的关系,仅通过表的主键来关联
第二种:唯一外键关联,外键关联,本来是用于多对一的配置,但是如果加上唯一的限制之后,也可以用来表示一对一关联关系
其中一对一的关联映射,又分为单向一对一映射和双向一对一映射,这里主要介绍单向一对一映射。
二、实例介绍(主键关联)
2.1,建立两个实体对象类
IdCard类:
<span style="font-family:KaiTi_GB2312;font-size:18px;">package com.angel.hibernate;
public class IdCard {
private int id;
private String cardNo;
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getCardNo() {
return cardNo;
}
public void setCardNo(String cardNo) {
this.cardNo = cardNo;
}
}
</span>
映射文件:
<span style="font-family:KaiTi_GB2312;font-size:18px;"><?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="com.angel.hibernate.IdCard" table="t_idcard">
<id name="id">
<generator class="native"></generator>
</id>
<property name="cardNo" />
</class>
</hibernate-mapping></span>
Person类:
<span style="font-family:KaiTi_GB2312;font-size:18px;">package com.angel.hibernate;
public class Person {
private int id;
private String name;
IdCard idCard;
public IdCard getIdCard() {
return idCard;
}
public void setIdCard(IdCard idCard) {
this.idCard = idCard;
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
}
</span>
映射文件:
<span style="font-family:KaiTi_GB2312;font-size:18px;"><?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="com.angel.hibernate.Person" table="t_person">
<id name="id">
<!--主键关联策略 -->
<generator class="foreign">
<!-- 标签中的值是指明标识来源于foreign方式,指定来源对象:Person类的属性idCard -->
<param name="property">idCard</param>
</generator>
</id>
<property name="name" />
<!-- one-to-one指的是如何加载它的引用对象 外键约束要设为true -->
<one-to-one name="idCard" constrained="true"></one-to-one>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping></span>
2.2,生成数据库表单
<span style="font-family:KaiTi_GB2312;font-size:18px;">package com.angel.hibernate;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.SchemaExport;
/**
* 将hbm生成ddl
* @author Administrator
*
*/
public class ExportDB {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//默认读取hibernate.cfg.xml文件
Configuration cfg = new Configuration().configure();
SchemaExport export = new SchemaExport(cfg);
export.create(true, true);
}
}</span>
2.3,Hibernate配置
<span style="font-family:KaiTi_GB2312;font-size:18px;"><!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
<session-factory>
<property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/hibernate_one2one</property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.username">root</property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.password">登录密码</property>
<property name="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>
<property name="hibernate.show_sql">true</property>
<mapping resource="com/angel/hibernate/Person.hbm.xml"/>
<mapping resource="com/angel/hibernate/IdCard.hbm.xml"/>
</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration></span>
2.4,测试类
<span style="font-family:KaiTi_GB2312;font-size:18px;">package com.angel.hibernate;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import junit.framework.TestCase;
public class test_one2one extends TestCase {
/**
* 测试保存
*/
public void testSave1() {
Session session = null;
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
IdCard idCard = new IdCard();
idCard.setCardNo("6688");
Person person = new Person();
person.setName("Angel");
person.setIdCard(idCard);
// 先保存card,然后保存person,执行SQL语句为:
// Hibernate: insert into t_idcard (cardNo) values (?)
// Hibernate: insert into t_person (name, id) values (?, ?)
session.save(person);
session.getTransaction().commit();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
} finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
}
/**
* 测试加载
*/
public void testLoad() {
Session session = null;
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
Person person = (Person) session.get(Person.class,Integer.valueOf("1"));
System.out.println("person.getName()=" + person.getName());
System.out.println("person.getIdCard().getCardNo="+ person.getIdCard().getCardNo());
//执行的SQL语句
//Hibernate: select person0_.id as id0_0_, person0_.name as name0_0_ from t_person person0_ where person0_.id=?
//Hibernate: select idcard0_.id as id1_0_, idcard0_.cardNo as cardNo1_0_ from t_idcard idcard0_ where idcard0_.id=?
//控制台结果:
//person.getName()=Angel
//person.getIdCard().getCardNo=6688
session.getTransaction().commit();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
} finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
}
}
</span>
以上就是简单的单向一对一关联映射,关于双向关联映射和单向是类似的,在另一个实体映射关系中添加进去一对一的标签配置即可。
三、简单介绍外键关联
使用唯一外键关联,则需要在配置一对一关系时加上property—ref属性。如:我们在Person类中添加上IdCard的外键映射private IdCard idCard,那么在IdCard的配置文件中,则需要加上:
<one-to-one name="idCard" constrained="true" property-ref=“idCard”></one-to-one> 它表示本类(IdCard)的主键将会与关联类(Person)的此属性(idCard)相对应
四、总结
让我想一下,没有配置这种关联映射的时候,在加载数据的时候是怎么做的?
似乎我们一般是用连接查询,比如:where a.id=b.courseid等,或者是将外键的值查出来,然后拿着这个值去另一张表里查对应的数据。但是对于Hibernate来说,只是配置的问题,感觉上经过封装,简单了很多!接下来就是多对多、继承、集合映射的学习了。