输入框根据拼音首字母/中文字符联想补全
背景
在H5的输入框中,根据输入的拼音首字母/中文字符,到MySQL中查找相关关键词,进行提示补全。
如:
[BK]联想出:博客;播客;百科;博客群;博客网…
[博]联想出:博客;博士…
工具
- H5的datalist
- MySQL中中文转拼音首字母工具
实现
H5
<!-- 输入框带一个datalist,datalist的id要与input的list对应 -->
<input type="text" id="name" list="projectData" oninput="reloadDataList()"/>
<datalist id="projectData"></datalist>
function reloadDataList() {
var nameval = $('#name').val();
if ($('#name').val().trim().length != 0) {
var pyflag = true;
// 自定义后台查询的url(根据拼音联想)
var targetUrl = "";
if (/^[a-zA-Z]*$/.test(nameval)) {
// do nothing
} else if (/^[\u4e00-\u9fa5]*$/.test(nameval)) {
pyflag = false;
// 自定义后台查询的url(根据中文联想)
targetUrl = "";
}
$.ajax({
type: "get",
url: targetUrl,
data: {
py: nameval
},
dataType: "json",
success: function(data) {
// 先清空datalist,再把查询到的联想词插入
$('#projectData').empty();
for (var o in data) {
if (pyflag) {
// 拼音联想出来,需要转成中文字符填入输入框
$('#projectData').append("<option value='" + data[o].project + "'>" + data[o].py + "</option>");
} else {
$('#projectData').append("<option>" + data[o].project + "</option>");
}
}
}
});
}
}
MySQL
因为单词联想具有高实时性,在MySQL中查询联想词时,如果遍历数据库时实时使用函数进行拼音首字母的转换,效率非常低。所以建立一张缓存表,把中文对应的拼音首字母缓存起来,查询时,直接查询缓存表即可。
创建中文转拼音函数
获取当前中文字符的拼音首字母
DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS `fristPinyin`;
CREATE FUNCTION `fristPinyin`(PARAM VARCHAR(255)) RETURNS VARCHAR(2) CHARSET utf8
BEGIN
DECLARE V_RETURN VARCHAR(255);
DECLARE V_FIRST_CHAR VARCHAR(2);
SET V_FIRST_CHAR = UPPER(LEFT(PARAM,1));
SET V_RETURN = V_FIRST_CHAR;
IF LENGTH( V_FIRST_CHAR) <> CHARACTER_LENGTH( V_FIRST_CHAR ) THEN
SET V_RETURN = ELT(INTERVAL(CONV(HEX(LEFT(CONVERT(PARAM USING gbk),1)),16,10),
0xB0A1,0xB0C5,0xB2C1,0xB4EE,0xB6EA,0xB7A2,0xB8C1,0xB9FE,0xBBF7,
0xBFA6,0xC0AC,0xC2E8,0xC4C3,0xC5B6,0xC5BE,0xC6DA,0xC8BB,
0xC8F6,0xCBFA,0xCDDA,0xCEF4,0xD1B9,0xD4D1),
'A','B','C','D','E','F','G','H','J','K','L','M','N','O','P','Q','R','S','T','W','X','Y','Z');
END IF;
RETURN V_RETURN;
END
获取整个中文字符串的拼音首字母
DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS `pinyin`;
CREATE FUNCTION `pinyin`(P_NAME VARCHAR(255)) RETURNS varchar(255) CHARSET utf8
BEGIN
DECLARE V_COMPARE VARCHAR(255);
DECLARE V_RETURN VARCHAR(255);
DECLARE I INT;
SET I = 1;
SET V_RETURN = '';
while I < LENGTH(P_NAME) do
SET V_COMPARE = SUBSTR(P_NAME, I, 1);
IF (V_COMPARE != '') THEN
#SET V_RETURN = CONCAT(V_RETURN, ',', V_COMPARE);
SET V_RETURN = CONCAT(V_RETURN, fristPinyin(V_COMPARE));
#SET V_RETURN = fristPinyin(V_COMPARE);
END IF;
SET I = I + 1;
end while;
IF (ISNULL(V_RETURN) or V_RETURN = '') THEN
SET V_RETURN = P_NAME;
END IF;
RETURN V_RETURN;
END
创建拼音缓存表&添加索引
此处主表名称:project
缓存表名称:word_to_pinyin
创建缓存表(缓存表兼具去重的功能)
drop table word_to_pinyin;
CREATE table word_to_pinyin
SELECT tmp.word,pinyin (tmp.project) as py FROM (
SELECT DISTINCT (pj.word) AS word FROM project pj) tmp
创建索引
CREATE INDEX INDEX_PY ON word_to_pinyin(py);
CREATE INDEX INDEX_PROJECT_WORD ON word_to_pinyin(word);
创建触发器(同步project到拼音缓存表中)
insert触发器
DROP TRIGGER if EXISTS TRIGGER_INSERT_PROJECT;
# 定义结束符
delimiter $$
# 在project表insert之后触发
create trigger TRIGGER_INSERT_PROJECT AFTER INSERT
on project for EACH ROW
BEGIN
# 如果缓存表里无数据,则生成对应的拼音首字母插入
IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM word_to_pinyin where word = NEW.word)
THEN INSERT INTO word_to_pinyin(word,py) VALUES(NEW.word,pinyin (NEW.word));
END IF;
END $$
# 还原结束符
delimiter ;
update触发器
DROP TRIGGER if EXISTS TRIGGER_UPDATE_PROJECT;
delimiter $$
create trigger TRIGGER_UPDATE_PROJECT AFTER UPDATE
on project for EACH ROW
BEGIN
IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM word_to_pinyin where word = NEW.word)
THEN INSERT INTO word_to_pinyin(word,py) VALUES(NEW.word,pinyin (NEW.word));
END IF;
END $$
delimiter ;
查询语句
select * from word_to_pinyin where py like 'BK%' LIMIT 0,10;
select * from word_to_pinyin where word like '博%' LIMIT 0,10;