后端技术——ElasticSearch详解

端口

• 内部端口：9300
• http访问端口：9200

数据格式

• 索引 ——> 数据库
• 类型 ——> 表 （新版本已删除）
• 文档 ——> 行
• 字段 ——> 列

Http操作

索引操作

• 创建索引

  PUT，http://localhost:9200/索引名

  响应：

  {
      "acknowledged": true,
      "shards_acknowledged": true,
      "index": "index001"
  }
  

• 查询索引

  GET，http://localhost:9200/索引名

  响应：

  {
      "index001": {
          "aliases": {},
          "mappings": {},
          "settings": {
              "index": {
                  "creation_date": "1635474837213",
                  "number_of_shards": "5",
                  "number_of_replicas": "1",
                  "uuid": "PEkqdQUnR1GOjqzC3a67QA",
                  "version": {
                      "created": "6040399"
                  },
                  "provided_name": "index001"
              }
          }
      }
  }
  

• 删除索引

  GET，http://localhost:9200/索引名

  响应：

  {
      "acknowledged": true
  }
  

文档操作

• 创建文档 (如果没有id将生成随机id)

  POST，http://localhost:9200/索引名/_doc/[id]

  请求：

  {
      "name": :"zhangsan"
  }
  

  响应：

  {
      "_index": "index001",
      "_type": "_doc",
      "_id": "GvzvyXwBC84NtfuwHmoc",
      "_version": 1,
      "result": "created",
      "_shards": {
          "total": 2,
          "successful": 1,
          "failed": 0
      },
      "_seq_no": 0,
      "_primary_term": 1
  }
  

• 查询文档

  GET，http://localhost:9200/索引名/_doc/文档id

  响应：

  {
      "_index": "index001",
      "_type": "_doc",
      "_id": "GvzvyXwBC84NtfuwHmoc",
      "_version": 1,
      "found": true,
      "_source": {
          "name": "zhangsan"
      }
  }
  

• 查询索引下全部文档

  GET，http://localhost:9200/索引名/_search

  响应：

  {
      "took": 157,	// 耗费时间毫秒
      "timed_out": false,
      "_shards": {
          "total": 5,
          "successful": 5,
          "skipped": 0,
          "failed": 0
      },
      "hits": {
          "total": 1,
          "max_score": 1.0,
          "hits": [
              {
                  "_index": "index001",
                  "_type": "_doc",
                  "_id": "GvzvyXwBC84NtfuwHmoc",
                  "_score": 1.0,
                  "_source": {
                      "name": "zhangsan"
                  }
              }
          ]
      }
  }
  

• 更新文档

  PUT，http://localhost:9200/索引名/_doc/文档id

  请求：

  {
      "name": :"lisi"
  }
  

  响应：

  {
      "_index": "index001",
      "_type": "_doc",
      "_id": "GvzvyXwBC84NtfuwHmoc",
      "_version": 2,
      "result": "updated",
      "_shards": {
          "total": 2,
          "successful": 1,
          "failed": 0
      },
      "_seq_no": 1,
      "_primary_term": 1
  }
  

• 更新局部文档

  POST，http://localhost:9200/索引名/_update/文档id

  请求：(需修改的内容)

  {
      "name": :"lisi"
  }
  

  响应：

  {
      "_index": "index001",
      "_type": "_doc",
      "_id": "GvzvyXwBC84NtfuwHmoc",
      "_version": 3,
      "result": "updated",
      "_shards": {
          "total": 2,
          "successful": 1,
          "failed": 0
      },
      "_seq_no": 2,
      "_primary_term": 1
  }
  

• 条件查询

  GET，http://localhost:9200/索引名/_search?q=name:lisi_1

  或

  GET，http://localhost:9200/索引名/_search

  请求：

  {
      "query":{
          "match":{	// 完全匹配
              "name":"lisi_1"
          },
          "match_all":{	// 全查询
  
          }
      },
      "from":1, 	 // 页码
      "size":1,		// 每页条数
      "_source":[		// 限制显示的字段，相当于: select name
          "name"
      ],
      "sort":{		// 排序
          "name":{
              "order":"asc"
          }
      }
  }
  

  响应：

  {
      "took": 1,
      "timed_out": false,
      "_shards": {
          "total": 5,
          "successful": 5,
          "skipped": 0,
          "failed": 0
      },
      "hits": {
          "total": 0,
          "max_score": null,
          "hits": []
      }
  }
  

• 多条件查询

  GET，http://localhost:9200/索引名/_search

  请求：

  {
      "query":{
          "bool":{
              "must":[   // must：模糊匹配,  must_phrase：完全匹配
                  {
                      "match":{
                          "name":"lisi_1"
                      }
                  },
                  {
                      "match":{
                          "age":23
                      }
                  }
              ]
          }
      },
      "from":1,
      "size":1,
      "_source":[
          "name"
      ],
      "sort":{
          "name":{
              "order":"asc"
          }
      }
  }
  

  响应：略

• 聚合查询

  GET，http://localhost:9200/索引名/_search

  请求：

  {
      "aggs":{
          "aaa":{   // 名称
          	"terms":{   // 分组
          		"field": "name"	// 分组字段     
          }
      }
  }
  

  响应：略

映射操作

• 创建索引

  PUT，http://localhost:9200/索引名/_mapping

  请求：

  {
      "properties":{
          "name":{
          	"type": "text",		// 将进行分词
          	"index": true,   // 是否为该字段建立索引
          },
          "age":{
          	"type": "keyword",		// 作为关键字，不会分词
          	"index": true,   
          },
          "name":{
          	"type": "keyword",
          	"index": false,   
          }
      }
  }
  

  响应：

  {
      "properties":{
          "name":{
          	"type": "text",		
          	"index": true,   
          },
          "age":{
          	"type": "keyword",	
          	"index": true,   
          },
          "name":{
          	"type": "keyword",
          	"index": false,   
          }
      }
  }
  

java操作

引入依赖

<dependencies>
	<dependency>
		<groupId>org.elasticsearch</groupId>
		<artifactId>elasticsearch</artifactId>
		<version>7.8.0</version>
	</dependency>
	
	<dependency>
		<groupId>org.elasticsearch.client</groupId>
		<artifactId>elasticsearch-rest-high-level-client</artifactId>
		<version>7.8.0</version>
	</dependency>
</dependencies>