day03

FHS( Filesystem Hierarchy Standard) 文件系统层级标准

文件系统:存储设备存放数据文件的方法和数据结构

1  所有的数据文件

bin        (binary)所有用户都可以执行的命令文件

sbin         只有管理员可以执行的命令文件

lib            32数据的库文件

lib64        64数据的库文件

user         核心资源文件

root          root(管理员)用户的家目录

home       所有普通用户的主路径

boot         系统加载引导相关所有文件

dev           设备目录文件

etc            系统中所有的配置文件(软件程序初始化参数文件)

opt            自定义软件安装路径

proc          系统内核相关的进程信息

sys            硬盘驱动程序

run            应用程序文件的进程

srv             服务程序文件的路径

tmp            临时目录

var             动态可变化的数据文件路径

 2(-/d)       文件相关的操作命令

(1)同一路径下不能有2个相同的文件名

(2)严格区分大小写

(3)文件命令不能以字符命令

(4)文件命名不能超过25个字符

3  touch       创建文本文件

当一个路径下不存在该文件通过touch可以创建一个普通文本文件

stat FIERNAME 文件详细属性信息

touch FIRENAME...

touch  a b c
touch {1,2,3,4}
touch {1..10}
eg:
touch /root/a b c
touch /root/{1..3}  == touch /root/1  /root/2  /root/3

4  mkdir DIRNAME...

-p       父目录 创建多级目录

-v        详细信息

mkdir   d1 d2 d3
mkdir   dd{1..3}

eg:
mkdir {1}
mkdir -pv /root/{1..3}/abc

5  tree        树状结构显示多级目录

rm          删除文件

-r            递归

-f force   强制

rm FIRENAME 删除文本文件

rm  -r  NAME   删除目录文件

rm  -rf  FILE     强制删除一个文件

*任意长度的任意字符

rm -rf a*    删除开始以a字符命名的所有文件

rm -rf     /

6  mv      移动文件

mv       源文件名  目标路径

#touch   /root/file
#mv /root/file   /
#mv  /root/file   /newfile
(1)当/newfile不存在,将file移动到/目录并改名newfile
(2)当/newfile存在,如果是目录文件,表示file移动到/newfile目录下
                   如果是文本文件,表示file移动到/目录改名为newfile

7  cp        复制文件

​      -r      递归

#touch   /root/file
#cp /root/file   /
#cp  /root/file   /newfile
(1)当/newfile不存在,将file移动到/目录并改名newfile
(2)当/newfile存在,如果是目录文件,表示file复制到/newfile目录下
                  如果是文本文件,表示file复制到/目录改名为newfile
#mkdir /root/test
#cp -r  /root/test  /  复制目录文件

8   查看文本文件内容的6个命令

cat -n FIRENAME

tac FIRENAME

more FIRENAME        分屏显示文件内容,最后将内容输出到终端

less FIRENAME          分屏显示文件内容,打开文件阅读 退出q 换页:空格 切换下一页 b切换上一页

/关键词 匹配关键词n N ?关键词

hand FIRENAME          查看文件前十行

head -n 5 FIRENAME==head -5 FIRENAME

tail FIRENAME             查看文件后十行

tail-5 FIRENAME           查看文件后5行

9  wget     下载文件

-O       将链接文件下载到对应路径并进行改名

-P        将链接文件下载到对应

-C        实现断点续传

-r         下载一个目录文件

作业

1、#创建目录(尝试以下通过一条命令实现)

​    在/mnt下创建boot和sysroot目  

​    在/mnt/boot下创建grub目录    

​    在/mnt/sysroot下创建proc,sys,bin,sbin,lib,usr,var,etc,dev,home,root,tmp

​        在/mnt/sysroot/usr下创建bin,sbin,lib

​        在/mnt/sysroot/lib下创建modules

​        在/mnt/sysroot/var下创建run,log,lock

​        在/mnt/sysroot/etc下创建init.d 

[root@B ~]#  mkdir -p /mnt/boot/grub /mnt/sysroot/{proc,sys,bin,sbin,lib,usr,var,etc,dev,home,root,tmp} /mnt/sysroot/usr/{bin,sbin,lib} /mnt/sysroot/lib/modules /mnt/sysroot/var/{run,log,lock} /mnt/sysroot/etc/init.d
[root@B ~]# ll
total 8
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root    0 Nov 21 20:44 aaa
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root    3 Nov 21 20:45 aaa.link -> aaa
-rw-------. 1 root root 1278 Nov 19 12:18 anaconda-ks.cfg
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 Nov 21 20:50 d1
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root    2 Nov 21 20:52 d1.lnk -> d1
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 Nov 19 14:13 Desktop
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 Nov 19 14:13 Documents
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 Nov 19 14:13 Downloads
-rw-r--r--. 2 root root    0 Nov 21 21:06 file
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1615 Nov 19 14:10 initial-setup-ks.cfg
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 Nov 25 15:34 mkdir
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 Nov 19 14:13 Music
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 Nov 19 14:13 Pictures
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 Nov 19 14:13 Public
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 Nov 19 14:13 Templates
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 Nov 19 14:13 Videos
[root@B ~]# ll /mnt
total 0
drwxr-xr-x.  3 root root  18 Nov 25 15:29 boot
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root   6 Nov 19 12:11 hgfs
drwxr-xr-x. 15 root root 151 Nov 25 15:34 sysroot
[root@B ~]# ll /mnt/boot
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 25 15:29 grub
[root@B ~]# ll /mnt/sysroot
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  6 Nov 25 15:34 '{'
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  6 Nov 25 15:29  bin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  6 Nov 25 15:29  dev
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 20 Nov 25 15:29  etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  6 Nov 25 15:29  home
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 21 Nov 25 15:29  lib
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  6 Nov 25 15:29  proc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  6 Nov 25 15:29  root
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  6 Nov 25 15:29  sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  6 Nov 25 15:29  sys
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  6 Nov 25 15:29  tmp
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 40 Nov 25 15:29  usr
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 40 Nov 25 15:29  var
[root@B ~]# ll /mnt/sysroot/usr
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 25 15:29 bin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 25 15:29 lib
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 25 15:29 sbin
[root@B ~]# ll /mnt/sysroot/lib
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 25 15:29 modules
[root@B ~]# ll /mnt/sysroot/var
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 25 15:29 lock
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 25 15:29 log
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 25 15:29 run
[root@B ~]# ll  /mnt/sysroot/etc
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 25 15:29 init.d

2.如何一次性在/test目录创建以abc表示的100个文件,例如abc1,abc2,abc3,..abc100

[root@B ~]# mkdir -pv /root/test/abc{1..100}
mkdir: created directory '/root/test'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc1'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc2'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc3'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc4'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc5'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc6'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc7'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc8'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc9'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc10'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc11'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc12'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc13'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc14'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc15'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc16'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc17'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc18'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc19'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc20'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc21'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc22'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc23'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc24'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc25'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc26'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc27'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc28'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc29'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc30'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc31'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc32'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc33'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc34'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc35'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc36'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc37'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc38'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc39'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc40'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc41'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc42'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc43'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc44'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc45'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc46'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc47'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc48'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc49'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc50'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc51'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc52'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc53'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc54'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc55'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc56'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc57'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc58'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc59'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc60'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc61'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc62'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc63'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc64'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc65'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc66'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc67'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc68'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc69'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc70'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc71'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc72'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc73'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc74'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc75'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc76'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc77'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc78'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc79'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc80'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc81'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc82'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc83'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc84'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc85'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc86'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc87'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc88'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc89'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc90'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc91'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc92'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc93'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc94'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc95'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc96'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc97'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc98'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc99'
mkdir: created directory '/root/test/abc100'

3.复制/mnt/boot目录文件到/test并改名为/boot.bak。

root@B ~]# cp -r /mnt/boot /test
[root@B ~]# ll /test
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 25 16:37 grub
[root@B ~]# cd test
[root@B test]# mv /test /boot.bak
root@B test]# cd /boot.bak
[root@B boot.bak]# ll
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 25 16:37 grub

4.复制/test所有有9字符命名的文件到/pub下。

[root@B ~]# cp -r /root/test/abc{9,19,29,39,49,59,69,79,89,99,91,92,93,94,95,96,97,98} /pub/
[root@B ~]# ll /pub
total 4
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root    6 Nov 25 17:03 abc19
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root    6 Nov 25 17:03 abc29
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root    6 Nov 25 17:03 abc39
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root    6 Nov 25 17:03 abc49
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root    6 Nov 25 17:03 abc59
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root    6 Nov 25 17:03 abc69
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root    6 Nov 25 17:03 abc79
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root    6 Nov 25 17:03 abc89
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root    6 Nov 25 17:03 abc9
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root    6 Nov 25 17:03 abc90
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root    6 Nov 25 17:03 abc91
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root    6 Nov 25 17:03 abc92
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root    6 Nov 25 17:03 abc93
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root    6 Nov 25 17:03 abc94
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root    6 Nov 25 17:03 abc97
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root    6 Nov 25 17:03 abc98
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root    6 Nov 25 17:03 abc99
dr-xr-xr-x.  5 root root 4096 Nov 25 16:50 boot
drwxr-xr-x. 10 root root  114 Nov 25 16:50 sys

5.移动/test所有有1字符命名的文件到/pub目录下。

[root@B ~]# mv  /root/test/abc{1,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,21,31,41,51,61,71,81,91,100}  /pub/
mv: overwrite '/pub/abc19'? y
mv: overwrite '/pub/abc91'? y
[root@B ~]# ll /pub
total 4
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root    6 Nov 25 16:02 abc1
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root    6 Nov 25 16:02 abc100
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root    6 Nov 25 16:02 abc12
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root    6 Nov 25 16:02 abc13
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root    6 Nov 25 16:02 abc14
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root    6 Nov 25 16:02 abc15
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root    6 Nov 25 16:02 abc16
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root    6 Nov 25 16:02 abc17
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root    6 Nov 25 16:02 abc18
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root    6 Nov 25 16:02 abc19
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root    6 Nov 25 16:02 abc21
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root    6 Nov 25 17:03 abc29
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root    6 Nov 25 16:02 abc31
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root    6 Nov 25 17:03 abc39
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root    6 Nov 25 16:02 abc41
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root    6 Nov 25 17:03 abc49
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root    6 Nov 25 16:02 abc51
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root    6 Nov 25 17:03 abc59
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root    6 Nov 25 16:02 abc61
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root    6 Nov 25 17:03 abc69
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root    6 Nov 25 16:02 abc71
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root    6 Nov 25 17:03 abc79
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root    6 Nov 25 16:02 abc81
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root    6 Nov 25 17:03 abc89
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root    6 Nov 25 17:03 abc9
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root    6 Nov 25 17:03 abc90
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root    6 Nov 25 16:02 abc91
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root    6 Nov 25 17:03 abc92
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root    6 Nov 25 17:03 abc93
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root    6 Nov 25 17:03 abc94
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root    6 Nov 25 17:03 abc97
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root    6 Nov 25 17:03 abc98
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root    6 Nov 25 17:03 abc99
dr-xr-xr-x.  5 root root 4096 Nov 25 16:50 boot
drwxr-xr-x. 10 root root  114 Nov 25 16:50 sys
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