python 报 selenium.common.exceptions.SessionNotCreatedException

今天做selenium项目更新，莫名其妙报了SessionNotCreatedException 错误，显示错误如下：

  File "D:\Program Files\Python37\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\chrome\webdriver.py", line 89, in __init__
    keep_alive,
  File "D:\Program Files\Python37\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\chromium\webdriver.py", line 112, in __init__
    options=options,
  File "D:\Program Files\Python37\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 286, in __init__
    self.start_session(capabilities, browser_profile)
  File "D:\Program Files\Python37\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 378, in start_session
    response = self.execute(Command.NEW_SESSION, parameters)
  File "D:\Program Files\Python37\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 440, in execute
    self.error_handler.check_response(response)
  File "D:\Program Files\Python37\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\errorhandler.py", line 245, in check_response
    raise exception_class(message, screen, stacktrace)
selenium.common.exceptions.SessionNotCreatedException: Message: session not created: Missing or invalid capabilities
  (Driver info: chromedriver=73.0.3683.68 (47787ec04b6e38e22703e856e101e840b65afe72),platform=Windows NT 10.0.18363 x86_64)

显示不是chromedriver与chrome版本不兼容问题。后面脑回路，终于知道原因。

之前可能安装了其它包把selenium版本更新到了4.x.x。猜测这个版本对chrome版本有最低要求。经过升级chrome版本与chromedriver，测试了下也确实能正常。懒得去追根溯源了，解决方案：

1）安装回selenium 3版本，目前最后一版3的版本号是3.141.0：

pip install selenium==3.141.0

2）升级chrome与chromedriver到较新版。记selenium4 使用services设置chromedriver路径：

from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service as ChromeService
......
s = ChromeService(executable_path=driver_path)
webdriver.Chrome(service=s, options=options)