分布式系统：ZooKeeper 基本用例

分布式系统：ZooKeeper 用例

“慢”锁

（来自lec notes of 6.824）

• 用一个empheral znode，比如叫 /app/lock
• 加锁：create一个ephemeral节点
• 释放锁：delete节点
• 等锁：用getDate加watch

Example usage 1: slow lock
  acquire lock:
   retry:
     r = create("app/lock", "", ephemeral)
     if r:
       return
     else:
       getData("app/lock", watch=True)

    watch_event:
       goto retry

  release lock: (voluntarily or session timeout)
    delete("app/lock")

“排队取号”锁

（来自lec notes of 6.824）

• 用一个ephemeral+ sequential 的Z节点。
• 获取锁：n = create()
  用getChildren查询lock节点的子节点。找到序列号最小的。
  如果我们的n是最小的。说明我们加锁成功。如果不是最小的，我们要等待锁。
• 释放锁：delete
• 等待锁：用exists()创建一个watch，等待序列号比我们小1的节点被删除。

Example usage 2: "ticket" locks
  acquire lock:
     n = create("app/lock/request-", "", ephemeral|sequential)
   retry:
     requests = getChildren("app/lock", false)
     if n is lowest znode in requests:
       return
     p = "request-%d" % n - 1
     if exists(p, watch = True)
       wait for watch event
     else 
       goto retry

    watch_event:
       goto retry

读写锁

(来自zookeeper论文)

  acquire write lock:
     n = create("app/lock/write-request-", "", ephemeral|sequential)
   retry:
     requests = getChildren("app/lock", false)
     if n is lowest znode in requests:
       return
     p = "*-request-%d" % n - 1
     if exists(p, watch = true)
       wait for watch event
     else 
       goto retry

  acquire read lock:
     n = create("app/lock/read-request-", "", ephemeral|sequential)
   retry:
     requests = getChildren("app/lock", false)
     if there is no write request before n:
       return
     p = the write request with sequential number just before n
     if exists(p, watch = true)
       wait for watch event
     else 
       goto retry

    watch_event:
       goto retry

配置管理

（来自zookeeper论文）

• 最简单的形式：将配置存在一个z节点，$z_c$。
• 刚启动的进程用 getData(path, watch=true) 读取配置信息。
• watches are used to make sure that a process has the most recent information. （Watch用来保证进程能得到最新的信息）

组成员（group membership）

（来自zookeeper论文）

• 一个节点$z_g$代表组。
• 一个组成员进程启动时，就在$z_g$下创建一个新的ephemeral型子节点代表这个成员。
• 要知道组成员有哪些，只要用getChildren读取$z_g$的所有子节点。想监控成员变动，只要设置参数watch = true。

Double Barrier

(根据zookeeper论文叙述写的)

enter barrier:
	n = create("app/barrier", ephemeral)
	children = getChildren("app/barrier", false)
	if len(children) > threshold
	    create("app/barrier/ready", empheral)
	else !if exist("app/barrier/ready", true)
		wait
	start_computation()
watch_event:
    start_computation()

leave barrier:
	delete(n)
retry:	
	children = getChildren("app/barrier", false)
	if len(children) == 0
		return
	e = any element in children
	if exist(e, true)
		wait
	goto retry

watch_event:
	goto retry

Leader Election（paxos）

来自Spinnaker论文

	clean up old state under /r if neccessary
	let n = this machine
	let n.lst = our last LSN
	zk.create("/r/candidates", n.lst ,ephemral | sequential)
retry:
	c = getChildren("r/candidates")
	if len(c) >= majority
		读取所有candates的 lst，如果本节点是lst最大的，
			就试着创建 /r/leader 节点，创建成功我们就是 leader
		否则读取 /r/leader 节点，看看谁是新 leader
	else
		exists("r/candidates", true)

watch_event:
	goto retry

选master

（来自lec notes of 6.824 “Check: can we just do this with lab 3’s KV service?”）

• master:
  create("/master", my-ip:port, ephemral)
  只有1台服务器能创建成功，成为master
  如果master节点失效，这个znode会自动删除
• worker:
  getData("/master", true)
  worker节点和备用master节点可以watch这个znode的变化，得知最新master。

参见

https://pdos.csail.mit.edu/6.824/notes/l-zookeeper.txt
ZooKeeper论文
Spinnaker论文