有时候,有些列不需要使用了,但是在业务高峰期,删除列是会锁表的,我们可以采用将列设置为unused的方法,这样,用户就看不到这些设置为unused的列,达到了我们想要的结果,但实际上并没有删除,而只是做了个标记,也不会锁表。
这样,在业务空闲的时间,再将这些列删除(比如: 晚上),或者,过后又不想再删除了,也可以恢复,但恢复的方法比较复杂一些,并且需要重启数据库。
SQL> conn scott/tiger
Connected.
SQL> drop table emp2;
Table dropped.
SQL> create table emp2 as select * from emp;
Table created.
SQL> select * from emp2;
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO
---------- -------------------- ------------------ ---------- ------------ ---------- ---------- ----------
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800 20
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 20-FEB-81 1600 300 30
7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 22-FEB-81 1250 500 30
7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 02-APR-81 2975 20
7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 28-SEP-81 1250 1400 30
7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 01-MAY-81 2850 30
7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 09-JUN-81 2450 10
7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 19-APR-87 3000 20
7839 KING PRESIDENT 17-NOV-81 5000 10
7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 08-SEP-81 1500 0 30
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 23-MAY-87 1100 20
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950 30
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000 20
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300 10
14 rows selected.
SQL> alter table emp2 set unused column comm;
Table altered.
SQL> select * from emp2;
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL DEPTNO
---------- -------------------- ------------------ ---------- ------------ ---------- ----------
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800 20
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 20-FEB-81 1600 30
7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 22-FEB-81 1250 30
7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 02-APR-81 2975 20
7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 28-SEP-81 1250 30
7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 01-MAY-81 2850 30
7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 09-JUN-81 2450 10
7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 19-APR-87 3000 20
7839 KING PRESIDENT 17-NOV-81 5000 10
7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 08-SEP-81 1500 30
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 23-MAY-87 1100 20
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950 30
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000 20
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300 10
14 rows selected.
SQL> select * from user_unused_col_tabs where table_name='EMP2';
TABLE_NAME COUNT
------------------------------------------------------------ ----------
EMP2 1
SQL> SELECT OBJECT_ID,OBJECT_NAME FROM USER_OBJECTS where object_name='EMP2';
OBJECT_ID OBJECT_NAME
---------- ------------------------------
62877 EMP2
SQL> conn / as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> select col#,intcol#,name from col$ where obj#=62877;
COL# INTCOL# NAME
---------- ---------- --------------------------------------------
1 1 EMPNO
2 2 ENAME
3 3 JOB
4 4 MGR
5 5 HIREDATE
6 6 SAL
0 7 SYS_C00007_14042410:47:45$
7 8 DEPTNO
8 rows selected.
SQL> select cols from tab$ where obj#=62877;
COLS
----------
7
SQL> update col$ set col#=intcol# where obj#=62877;
8 rows updated.
SQL> update tab$ set cols=cols+1 where obj#=62877;
1 row updated.
SQL> update col$ set name='COMM' where obj#=62877 and col#=7;
1 row updated.
SQL> update col$ set property=0 where obj#=62877;
8 rows updated.
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
SQL> conn scott/tiger
Connected.
SQL> select * from emp2;
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL DEPTNO
---------- -------------------- ------------------ ---------- ------------ ---------- ----------
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800 20
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 20-FEB-81 1600 30
7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 22-FEB-81 1250 30
7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 02-APR-81 2975 20
7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 28-SEP-81 1250 30
7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 01-MAY-81 2850 30
7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 09-JUN-81 2450 10
7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 19-APR-87 3000 20
7839 KING PRESIDENT 17-NOV-81 5000 10
7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 08-SEP-81 1500 30
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 23-MAY-87 1100 20
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950 30
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000 20
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300 10
14 rows selected.
SQL> conn /as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> startup force
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 1610612736 bytes
Fixed Size 2066080 bytes
Variable Size 385878368 bytes
Database Buffers 1207959552 bytes
Redo Buffers 14708736 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> conn scott/tiger
Connected.
SQL> select * from emp2;
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO
---------- -------------------- ------------------ ---------- ------------ ---------- ---------- ----------
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800 20
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 20-FEB-81 1600 300 30
7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 22-FEB-81 1250 500 30
7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 02-APR-81 2975 20
7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 28-SEP-81 1250 1400 30
7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 01-MAY-81 2850 30
7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 09-JUN-81 2450 10
7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 19-APR-87 3000 20
7839 KING PRESIDENT 17-NOV-81 5000 10
7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 08-SEP-81 1500 0 30
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 23-MAY-87 1100 20
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950 30
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000 20
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300 10
14 rows selected.
这样,在业务空闲的时间,再将这些列删除(比如: 晚上),或者,过后又不想再删除了,也可以恢复,但恢复的方法比较复杂一些,并且需要重启数据库。
SQL> conn scott/tiger
Connected.
SQL> drop table emp2;
Table dropped.
SQL> create table emp2 as select * from emp;
Table created.
SQL> select * from emp2;
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO
---------- -------------------- ------------------ ---------- ------------ ---------- ---------- ----------
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800 20
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 20-FEB-81 1600 300 30
7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 22-FEB-81 1250 500 30
7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 02-APR-81 2975 20
7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 28-SEP-81 1250 1400 30
7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 01-MAY-81 2850 30
7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 09-JUN-81 2450 10
7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 19-APR-87 3000 20
7839 KING PRESIDENT 17-NOV-81 5000 10
7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 08-SEP-81 1500 0 30
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 23-MAY-87 1100 20
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950 30
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000 20
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300 10
14 rows selected.
SQL> alter table emp2 set unused column comm;
Table altered.
SQL> select * from emp2;
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL DEPTNO
---------- -------------------- ------------------ ---------- ------------ ---------- ----------
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800 20
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 20-FEB-81 1600 30
7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 22-FEB-81 1250 30
7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 02-APR-81 2975 20
7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 28-SEP-81 1250 30
7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 01-MAY-81 2850 30
7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 09-JUN-81 2450 10
7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 19-APR-87 3000 20
7839 KING PRESIDENT 17-NOV-81 5000 10
7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 08-SEP-81 1500 30
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 23-MAY-87 1100 20
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950 30
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000 20
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300 10
14 rows selected.
SQL> select * from user_unused_col_tabs where table_name='EMP2';
TABLE_NAME COUNT
------------------------------------------------------------ ----------
EMP2 1
SQL> SELECT OBJECT_ID,OBJECT_NAME FROM USER_OBJECTS where object_name='EMP2';
OBJECT_ID OBJECT_NAME
---------- ------------------------------
62877 EMP2
SQL> conn / as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> select col#,intcol#,name from col$ where obj#=62877;
COL# INTCOL# NAME
---------- ---------- --------------------------------------------
1 1 EMPNO
2 2 ENAME
3 3 JOB
4 4 MGR
5 5 HIREDATE
6 6 SAL
0 7 SYS_C00007_14042410:47:45$
7 8 DEPTNO
8 rows selected.
SQL> select cols from tab$ where obj#=62877;
COLS
----------
7
SQL> update col$ set col#=intcol# where obj#=62877;
8 rows updated.
SQL> update tab$ set cols=cols+1 where obj#=62877;
1 row updated.
SQL> update col$ set name='COMM' where obj#=62877 and col#=7;
1 row updated.
SQL> update col$ set property=0 where obj#=62877;
8 rows updated.
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
SQL> conn scott/tiger
Connected.
SQL> select * from emp2;
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL DEPTNO
---------- -------------------- ------------------ ---------- ------------ ---------- ----------
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800 20
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 20-FEB-81 1600 30
7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 22-FEB-81 1250 30
7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 02-APR-81 2975 20
7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 28-SEP-81 1250 30
7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 01-MAY-81 2850 30
7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 09-JUN-81 2450 10
7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 19-APR-87 3000 20
7839 KING PRESIDENT 17-NOV-81 5000 10
7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 08-SEP-81 1500 30
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 23-MAY-87 1100 20
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950 30
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000 20
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300 10
14 rows selected.
SQL> conn /as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> startup force
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 1610612736 bytes
Fixed Size 2066080 bytes
Variable Size 385878368 bytes
Database Buffers 1207959552 bytes
Redo Buffers 14708736 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> conn scott/tiger
Connected.
SQL> select * from emp2;
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO
---------- -------------------- ------------------ ---------- ------------ ---------- ---------- ----------
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800 20
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 20-FEB-81 1600 300 30
7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 22-FEB-81 1250 500 30
7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 02-APR-81 2975 20
7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 28-SEP-81 1250 1400 30
7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 01-MAY-81 2850 30
7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 09-JUN-81 2450 10
7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 19-APR-87 3000 20
7839 KING PRESIDENT 17-NOV-81 5000 10
7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 08-SEP-81 1500 0 30
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 23-MAY-87 1100 20
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950 30
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000 20
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300 10
14 rows selected.
如果被标记为unused的列,想要删除,可以用下面的命令:
SQL> alter table emp2 set unused column comm;
Table altered.
SQL> alter table emp2 drop unused columns;
Table altered.
Table altered.
SQL> alter table emp2 drop unused columns;
Table altered.