首先我们利用牛顿法的求出f(x)
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f(x)=x-\frac{g(x)}{Dg(x)}\\ g(x) = x^3+ax^2+bx+c\\ Dg(x) = 3x^2+2ax+b\\
f(x)=x−Dg(x)g(x)g(x)=x3+ax2+bx+cDg(x)=3x2+2ax+b
然后我们利用以下变换,找到的不动点就是g(x)=0的根,这就是牛顿法的意思。
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x=>x-\frac{x^3+ax^2+bx+c}{3x^2+2ax+b}
x=>x−3x2+2ax+bx3+ax2+bx+c
这道题目是多项式求导比较方便,但是,为了保持方法的通用性,因为好多函数的导数不好求,所以我们采用书中的求导近似值方法进行计算。写出完整的过程。
#lang racket
(define dx 0.000001)
(define (cube x) (* x x x))
(define (square x) (* x x))
(define (deriv g)
(lambda (x)
(/ (- (g (+ x dx)) (g x))
dx)))
(define (newton-transform g)
(lambda (x)
(- x (/ (g x) ((deriv g) x)))))
(define (newtons-method g guess)
(fixed-point (newton-transform g) guess))
(define (fixed-point f first-guess)
(define (close-enough? v1 v2)
(< (abs (- v1 v2)) 0.000001))
(define (try guess)
(let ((next (f guess)))
(if (close-enough? guess next)
next
(try next))))
(try first-guess))
(define (cubic a b c)
(lambda (x)
(+ (cube x) (* a (square x)) (* b x) c)))
(newtons-method (cubic 2 3 4) 1)
运行结果
-1.650629191439388