计算机程序的构造和解释 练习题2.14

#lang racket

(define (make-interval a b) (cons a b))
(define (make-center-percent a b)
  (let ((p (/ b 100.0)))
  (make-interval (* a (- 1 p)) (* a (+ 1 p)))))
(define (lower-bound z)
  (min (car z) (cdr z)))
(define (upper-bound z)
  (max (car z) (cdr z)))

(define (width z)
  (/ (abs (- (car z) (cdr z))) 2))

(define (center z)
  (/ (abs (+ (car z) (cdr z))) 2))

(define (percent z)
  (* (/ (width z) (center z)) 100.0))

(define (add-interval x y)
  (make-interval (+ (lower-bound x) (lower-bound y))
                 (+ (upper-bound x) (upper-bound y))))

(define (sub-interval x y)
  (add-interval x (make-interval (- 0 (lower-bound y)) (- 0 (upper-bound y)))))


(define (mul-interval x y)
  (let ((lx (lower-bound x))
        (ux (upper-bound x))
        (ly (lower-bound y))
        (uy (upper-bound y)))
    (cond ((> lx 0)
           (cond ((> ly 0) (make-interval (* lx ly)  (* ux uy)))
                 ((< uy 0) (make-interval (* ux ly)  (* lx uy)))
                 (else (make-interval (* ux ly)  (* ux uy)))))
          ((< ux 0)
           (cond ((> ly 0) (make-interval (* lx uy)  (* ux ly)))
                 ((< uy 0) (make-interval (* ux uy)  (* lx ly)))
                 (else (make-interval (* lx uy)  (* lx ly)))))
          (else
           (cond ((> ly 0) (make-interval (* lx uy)  (* ux uy)))
                 ((< uy 0) (make-interval (* ux ly)  (* lx ly)))
                 (else (make-interval (min (* ux ly) (* lx uy))
                                      (max (* lx ly) (* ux uy)))))))))

(define (div-interval x y)
  (if (and (>= 0 (lower-bound y)) (<= 0 (upper-bound y)))
      (display "error")
  (mul-interval x (make-interval (/ 1.0 (lower-bound y)) (/ 1.0 (upper-bound y))))))
(define (par1 r1 r2)
  (div-interval (mul-interval r1 r2)
                (add-interval r1 r2)))
(define (par2 r1 r2)
  (let ((one (make-interval 1 1)))
    (div-interval one
                  (add-interval (div-interval one r1)
                                (div-interval one r2)))))
(define A (make-center-percent 2 2))
(define B (make-center-percent 1 2))

(par1 A B)
(par2 A B)
(div-interval A A)
(div-interval A B)
(div-interval (make-center-percent 2 0.2) (make-center-percent 2 0.2))
(div-interval (make-center-percent 2 0.2) (make-center-percent 1 0.2))

运行结果

'(0.6277124183006535 . 0.7077551020408163)
'(0.6533333333333333 . 0.68)
'(0.9607843137254901 . 1.0408163265306123)
'(1.9215686274509802 . 2.0816326530612246)
'(0.996007984031936 . 1.004008016032064)
'(1.992015968063872 . 2.008016032064128)

par1和par2的运算结果不同，按正常理解A/A是等于1的，但是结果会由于误差的变大而变大。