[程序] 用R编程实现下面这个有趣的生活问题

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-16 14:35:54 发布

hongweigg

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-16 14:35:54 发布

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分类专栏： R Language JavaScript 文章标签： R语言编程递归

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/hongweigg/article/details/50592661

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1、问题

某人有100瓶酒，规定4个瓶盖换一瓶，2个空瓶换一瓶，问这个人一共可以得到多少瓶酒？

2、程序

#拥有的酒（以瓶计，不包括瓶盖和瓶身，只代表酒）
liquor <- 0;

#递归函数，输入变量为酒瓶数（包含瓶盖、瓶身）
exchange <- function(wine,bottle,cap){
    liquor <<- liquor + wine;
    tmpBottle <- floor((wine+bottle)*0.5)
    tmpCap <- floor((wine+cap)*0.25)
    cat("tmpBottle:", tmpBottle, ", tmpCap:" , tmpCap, "\n");

    addedLiquor = tmpBottle + tmpCap;
    remainingBottle <- (wine+bottle) - tmpBottle*2;
    remainingCap <- (wine+cap) - tmpCap*4;

    cat("remainingBottle:", remainingBottle, ", remainingCap:" , remainingCap, "\n");

    cat("now own liquor number:",liquor,", addedLiquor number:",addedLiquor,"\n");
        
    if(addedLiquor>=1){
        exchange(addedLiquor,remainingBottle,remainingCap);
    }
}

#赋初始值，并计算
wine <- 100;
exchange(wine,0,0);

#打印结果
cat("total liquor number:" ,liquor,"\n");

3、输出

tmpBottle: 50 , tmpCap: 25
remainingBottle: 0 , remainingCap: 0
now own liquor number: 100 , addedLiquor number: 75
tmpBottle: 37 , tmpCap: 18
remainingBottle: 1 , remainingCap: 3
now own liquor number: 175 , addedLiquor number: 55
tmpBottle: 28 , tmpCap: 14
remainingBottle: 0 , remainingCap: 2
now own liquor number: 230 , addedLiquor number: 42
tmpBottle: 21 , tmpCap: 11
remainingBottle: 0 , remainingCap: 0
now own liquor number: 272 , addedLiquor number: 32
tmpBottle: 16 , tmpCap: 8
remainingBottle: 0 , remainingCap: 0
now own liquor number: 304 , addedLiquor number: 24
tmpBottle: 12 , tmpCap: 6
remainingBottle: 0 , remainingCap: 0
now own liquor number: 328 , addedLiquor number: 18
tmpBottle: 9 , tmpCap: 4
remainingBottle: 0 , remainingCap: 2
now own liquor number: 346 , addedLiquor number: 13
tmpBottle: 6 , tmpCap: 3
remainingBottle: 1 , remainingCap: 3
now own liquor number: 359 , addedLiquor number: 9
tmpBottle: 5 , tmpCap: 3
remainingBottle: 0 , remainingCap: 0
now own liquor number: 368 , addedLiquor number: 8
tmpBottle: 4 , tmpCap: 2
remainingBottle: 0 , remainingCap: 0
now own liquor number: 376 , addedLiquor number: 6
tmpBottle: 3 , tmpCap: 1
remainingBottle: 0 , remainingCap: 2
now own liquor number: 382 , addedLiquor number: 4
tmpBottle: 2 , tmpCap: 1
remainingBottle: 0 , remainingCap: 2
now own liquor number: 386 , addedLiquor number: 3
tmpBottle: 1 , tmpCap: 1
remainingBottle: 1 , remainingCap: 1
now own liquor number: 389 , addedLiquor number: 2
tmpBottle: 1 , tmpCap: 0
remainingBottle: 1 , remainingCap: 3
now own liquor number: 391 , addedLiquor number: 1
tmpBottle: 1 , tmpCap: 1
remainingBottle: 0 , remainingCap: 0
now own liquor number: 392 , addedLiquor number: 2
tmpBottle: 1 , tmpCap: 0
remainingBottle: 0 , remainingCap: 2
now own liquor number: 394 , addedLiquor number: 1
tmpBottle: 0 , tmpCap: 0
remainingBottle: 1 , remainingCap: 3
now own liquor number: 395 , addedLiquor number: 0
total liquor number: 395

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

JavaScript版

（1）程序

      function println (str){
        document.writeln(str +"<br>");
    }

    var wine = 100;
    var liquor = 0;
    
    function exchange(wine,bottle,cap){
         liquor += wine;

        var tmpBottle = Math.floor((wine+bottle)*0.5)
        var tmpCap = Math.floor((wine+cap)*0.25)
        println( "wine:" + wine + ", tmpBottle:" + tmpBottle + ", tmpCap:" + tmpCap + "\n");
    
        var addedLiquor = tmpBottle + tmpCap;
        var remainingBottle = (wine+bottle) - tmpBottle*2;
        var remainingCap = (wine+cap) - tmpCap*4;
        
        println("wine:" + wine +", remainingBottle:" + remainingBottle  +  ", remainingCap:" + remainingCap  +  "\n");

        println("now own liquor number:" + liquor + ", addedLiquor number:" + addedLiquor + "\n");

        
        if(addedLiquor>=1){
            exchange(addedLiquor, remainingBottle,remainingCap);
        }
    }

    exchange(wine,0,0);
    println("total liquor:" + liquor);

（2）输出

wine:100, tmpBottle:50, tmpCap:25
wine:100, remainingBottle:0, remainingCap:0
now own liquor number:100, addedLiquor number:75
wine:75, tmpBottle:37, tmpCap:18
wine:75, remainingBottle:1, remainingCap:3
now own liquor number:175, addedLiquor number:55
wine:55, tmpBottle:28, tmpCap:14
wine:55, remainingBottle:0, remainingCap:2
now own liquor number:230, addedLiquor number:42
wine:42, tmpBottle:21, tmpCap:11
wine:42, remainingBottle:0, remainingCap:0
now own liquor number:272, addedLiquor number:32
wine:32, tmpBottle:16, tmpCap:8
wine:32, remainingBottle:0, remainingCap:0
now own liquor number:304, addedLiquor number:24
wine:24, tmpBottle:12, tmpCap:6
wine:24, remainingBottle:0, remainingCap:0
now own liquor number:328, addedLiquor number:18
wine:18, tmpBottle:9, tmpCap:4
wine:18, remainingBottle:0, remainingCap:2
now own liquor number:346, addedLiquor number:13
wine:13, tmpBottle:6, tmpCap:3
wine:13, remainingBottle:1, remainingCap:3
now own liquor number:359, addedLiquor number:9
wine:9, tmpBottle:5, tmpCap:3
wine:9, remainingBottle:0, remainingCap:0
now own liquor number:368, addedLiquor number:8
wine:8, tmpBottle:4, tmpCap:2
wine:8, remainingBottle:0, remainingCap:0
now own liquor number:376, addedLiquor number:6
wine:6, tmpBottle:3, tmpCap:1
wine:6, remainingBottle:0, remainingCap:2
now own liquor number:382, addedLiquor number:4
wine:4, tmpBottle:2, tmpCap:1
wine:4, remainingBottle:0, remainingCap:2
now own liquor number:386, addedLiquor number:3
wine:3, tmpBottle:1, tmpCap:1
wine:3, remainingBottle:1, remainingCap:1
now own liquor number:389, addedLiquor number:2
wine:2, tmpBottle:1, tmpCap:0
wine:2, remainingBottle:1, remainingCap:3
now own liquor number:391, addedLiquor number:1
wine:1, tmpBottle:1, tmpCap:1
wine:1, remainingBottle:0, remainingCap:0
now own liquor number:392, addedLiquor number:2
wine:2, tmpBottle:1, tmpCap:0
wine:2, remainingBottle:0, remainingCap:2
now own liquor number:394, addedLiquor number:1
wine:1, tmpBottle:0, tmpCap:0
wine:1, remainingBottle:1, remainingCap:3
now own liquor number:395, addedLiquor number:0
total liquor:395

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

数学方法（考虑借）

如果用数学方法，这个问题将变得很简单：
假设瓶身、瓶盖、酒的价值分别为x, y, z，4个瓶盖或2个瓶身可以换一瓶酒，那么有：
2x=4y => x=2y

根据2个瓶身（或4个瓶盖）换1瓶酒（包含酒瓶），有：
2x = x + y + z
整理为：
x = y + z

联立方程：
x=2y
x=y+z

从而有:
y = z       (1)
x = 2z    (2)
即1个瓶身就可以换1瓶酒（不包含瓶盖、瓶身，仅仅指瓶内的酒），同理，2个瓶盖可以换1瓶酒。

现在总资产：
t = 100(x+y+z)    （3）
将（1）（2）式带入式（3），则有：
t= 100(2z + z +z) = 400z

也就是说，总共价值可折合成400瓶酒（仅仅指瓶中的酒）。