1. 什么是关联(association)
1.1 关联指的是类之间的引用关系。如果类A与类B关联，那么被引用的类B将被定义为类A的属性。例如:
class B{
private String name;
private List<A> bs = new arraylist();
}
public class A{
private B b = new B;
public A(){}
}
hibernate:orm框架、以面向对象的思想操作数据库
实体类–》表
属性–》字段
实体类
Order
package com.houyitao.three.entity;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class Order {
private Integer orderId;
private String orderNo;
private List<OrderItem> orderItems = new ArrayList<OrderItem>();
private Integer initChildren = 1;//1代表开启懒加载，0代表关闭懒加载
public Order(Integer orderId, String orderNo) {
this.orderId = orderId;
this.orderNo = orderNo;
}
public Integer getOrderId() {
return orderId;
}
public void setOrderId(Integer orderId) {
this.orderId = orderId;
}
public String getOrderNo() {
return orderNo;
}
public void setOrderNo(String orderNo) {
this.orderNo = orderNo;
}
public List<OrderItem> getOrderItems() {
return orderItems;
}
public void setOrderItems(List<OrderItem> orderItems) {
this.orderItems = orderItems;
}
public Integer getInitChildren() {
return initChildren;
}
public void setInitChildren(Integer initChildren) {
this.initChildren = initChildren;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Order [orderId=" + orderId + ", orderNo=" + orderNo + "]";
}
public Order(Integer orderId, String orderNo, List<OrderItem> orderItems, Integer initChildren) {
super();
this.orderId = orderId;
this.orderNo = orderNo;
this.orderItems = orderItems;
this.initChildren = initChildren;
}
public Order() {
super();
}
}
OrderItem
package com.houyitao.three.entity;
public class OrderItem {
private Integer orderItemId;
private Integer productId;
private Integer quantity;
private Integer oid;
private Order order;
public OrderItem() {
}
public OrderItem(Integer orderItemId, Integer productId, Integer quantity, Integer oid) {
this.orderItemId = orderItemId;
this.productId = productId;
this.quantity = quantity;
this.oid = oid;
}
public Integer getOrderItemId() {
return orderItemId;
}
public void setOrderItemId(Integer orderItemId) {
this.orderItemId = orderItemId;
}
public Integer getProductId() {
return productId;
}
public void setProductId(Integer productId) {
this.productId = productId;
}
public Integer getQuantity() {
return quantity;
}
public void setQuantity(Integer quantity) {
this.quantity = quantity;
}
public Integer getOid() {
return oid;
}
public void setOid(Integer oid) {
this.oid = oid;
}
public Order getOrder() {
return order;
}
public void setOrder(Order order) {
this.order = order;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "OrderItem [orderItemId=" + orderItemId + ", productId=" + productId + ", quantity=" + quantity
+ ", oid=" + oid + ", order=" + order + "]";
}
}
映射文件
Order.hbm.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="com.houyitao.three.entity.Order" table="t_hibernate_order">
<id name="orderId" type="java.lang.Integer" column="order_id">
<generator class="increment" />
</id>
<property name="orderNo" type="java.lang.String" column="order_no">
</property>
<!-- 需要在映射文件中进行关联关系的维护 这里描述的是一对多的关系 -->
<bag name="orderItems" cascade="save-update" inverse="true">
<!-- 从表的外键 -->
<key column="oid"></key>
<!-- 查询从表数据，然后形成list集合填充到orderItems属性中 -->
<one-to-many class="com.houyitao.three.entity.OrderItem"/>
<!--
select * from t_hibernate_order where oid = 1
-->
</bag>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
OrderItem.hbm.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="com.houyitao.three.entity.Order" table="t_hibernate_order">
<id name="orderId" type="java.lang.Integer" column="order_id">
<generator class="increment" />
</id>
<property name="orderNo" type="java.lang.String" column="order_no">
</property>
<!-- 需要在映射文件中进行关联关系的维护 这里描述的是一对多的关系 -->
<bag name="orderItems" cascade="save-update" inverse="true">
<!-- 从表的外键 -->
<key column="oid"></key>
<!-- 查询从表数据，然后形成list集合填充到orderItems属性中 -->
<one-to-many class="com.houyitao.three.entity.OrderItem"/>
<!--
select * from t_hibernate_order where oid = 1
-->
</bag>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
DemoDao
package com.houyitao.three.dao;
import java.util.List;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import com.houyitao.three.entity.Order;
import com.houyitao.three.entity.OrderItem;
import com.houyitao.two.util.SessionFactoryUtils;
public class DemoDao {
/**
* 为了测试关系型映射文件配置准确
* 讲解insert=false，update=false的用途
* @param order
* @return
*/
public Integer addOrder(Order order) {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
Integer oid = (Integer)session.save(order);
transaction.commit();
session.close();
return oid;
}
public Integer addOrderItem(OrderItem orderItem) {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
Integer otid = (Integer)session.save(orderItem);
transaction.commit();
session.close();
return otid;
}
/**
* 为了讲解懒加载的问题（hibernate3.0后所有查询方式默认采用的是懒加载方式）
* 1、查单个时存在问题，代理对象已经关闭
* 2、查多个存在问题，有性能的问题
* @param order
* @return
*/
public Order getOrder(Order order) {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
Order o = session.get(Order.class, order.getOrderId());
// if(o != null && new Integer(1).equals(order.getInitChildren())) {
// Hibernate.initialize(o.getOrderItems());
System.out.println(o.getOrderItems());
// }
transaction.commit();
session.close();
return o;
}
public List<Order> getOrderList() {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
List<Order> list = session.createQuery("from Order").list();
transaction.commit();
session.close();
return list;
}
/**
* z主表的数据不能随便删除，得先删除从表中对应信息，才能删除主表的信息。
* @param order
*/
public void delOrder(Order order) {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
Order order2 = session.get(Order.class, order.getOrderId());
for (OrderItem oi : order2.getOrderItems()) {
session.delete(oi);
}
session.delete(order2);
// session.delete(order);
transaction.commit();
session.close();
}
}
DemoDaoTest
package com.houyitao.three.dao;
import java.util.List;
import static org.junit.Assert.*;
import org.junit.Test;
import com.houyitao.three.entity.Order;
import com.houyitao.three.entity.OrderItem;
public class DemoDaoTest {
private DemoDao demoDao = new DemoDao();
@Test
public void testAddOrder() {
Order order = new Order();
order.setOrderNo("226");
OrderItem oi = null;
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
oi = new OrderItem();
oi.setOid(5);
oi.setProductId(10+i);
oi.setQuantity(20+i);
oi.setOrder(order);
order.getOrderItems().add(oi);
}
demoDao.addOrder(order);
// demoDao.addOrderItem(orderItem);
}
@Test
public void testAddOrderItem() {
OrderItem oi = null;
Order order = new Order();
order.setOrderId(5);
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
oi = new OrderItem();
oi.setProductId(10+i);
oi.setQuantity(20+i);
oi.setOrder(order );
order.getOrderItems().add(oi);
demoDao.addOrderItem(oi);
}
}
/**
* 关于懒加载的问题
* hibernate3之后出现的
* failed to lazily initialize a collection of role:
* com.dengrenli.three.entity.Order.orderItems,
* could not initialize proxy - no Session
*
* orderNos数据来源于t_hibernate_order
* orderItems数据来源于t_hibernate_order_item
*
* 思考：
* 查一张表的效率高还是两张？
* 一张
*
* hibernate默认的策略：是不查询关联关系对应关联表是数据的
*/
@Test
public void testGetOrder() {
Order order = new Order();
order.setOrderId(10);
order.setInitChildren(0);
Order o = this.demoDao.getOrder(order );
System.out.println(o.getOrderNo());
System.out.println(o.getOrderItems());
}
/**
* 如果是将懒加载的功能关闭，也就是lazy=false，那么在查询多条订单数据的情况下是非常影响性能的
*
* 思考：
* 查单个需要关闭懒加载 目的是需要加载出联表的数据
* 查多个不能关闭懒加载 加载关联表的数据的查询次数过多
*/
@Test
public void testGetOrderList() {
List<Order> orderList = this.demoDao.getOrderList();
for (Order order : orderList) {
System.out.println(order.getOrderNo());
// System.out.println(order.getOrderItems());
}
}
@Test
public void testDelOrder() {
Order order = new Order();
order.setOrderId(5);
this.demoDao.delOrder(order );
}
}
使用Junit测试
添加订单和订单项方法
@Test
public void testAddOrder() {
Order order = new Order();
order.setOrderNo("226");
OrderItem oi = null;
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
oi = new OrderItem();
oi.setOid(5);
oi.setProductId(10+i);
oi.setQuantity(20+i);
oi.setOrder(order);
order.getOrderItems().add(oi);
}
demoDao.addOrder(order);
// demoDao.addOrderItem(orderItem);
}
结果：
添加已有订单编号的订单项
@Test
public void testAddOrderItem() {
OrderItem oi = null;
Order order = new Order();
order.setOrderId(5);
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
oi = new OrderItem();
oi.setProductId(10+i);
oi.setQuantity(20+i);
oi.setOrder(order );
order.getOrderItems().add(oi);
demoDao.addOrderItem(oi);
}
}
结果：
懒加载
/**
* 关于懒加载的问题
* hibernate3之后出现的
* failed to lazily initialize a collection of role:
* com.dengrenli.three.entity.Order.orderItems,
* could not initialize proxy - no Session
*
* orderNos数据来源于t_hibernate_order
* orderItems数据来源于t_hibernate_order_item
*
* 思考：
* 查一张表的效率高还是两张？
* 一张
*
* hibernate默认的策略：是不查询关联关系对应关联表是数据的
*/
@Test
public void testGetOrder() {
Order order = new Order();
order.setOrderId(10);
order.setInitChildren(0);
Order o = this.demoDao.getOrder(order );
System.out.println(o.getOrderNo());
System.out.println(o.getOrderItems());
}
/**
* 如果是将懒加载的功能关闭，也就是lazy=false，那么在查询多条订单数据的情况下是非常影响性能的
*
* 思考：
* 查单个需要关闭懒加载 目的是需要加载出联表的数据
* 查多个不能关闭懒加载 加载关联表的数据的查询次数过多
*/
@Test
public void testGetOrderList() {
List<Order> orderList = this.demoDao.getOrderList();
for (Order order : orderList) {
System.out.println(order.getOrderNo());
// System.out.println(order.getOrderItems());
}
}
@Test
public void testDelOrder() {
Order order = new Order();
order.setOrderId(5);
this.demoDao.delOrder(order );
}
#insert属性设置中主控方概念理解:
3. 以客户和订单的一对多双向关联为例,讲解Set元素中的cascade|inverse|outter-join|lazy属性作用
3.1 lazy:默认值为true,true延迟加载,false立即加载(一般设置为true,不使用立即加载,因为影响查询性能)
3.2 outter-join:默认值为false,true使用左外联接查询关联的(但一般不用，因为当我们把该属性设置为true时，所有的查询语句都会默认左外联，那样性能不高)
3.3 inverse:默认值为false,true表示将对方设置为主控方(一对多双向关联中一般将多方设置为主控方,这样可以减少SQL语句的数量,减少多余的操作)
3.4 cascade:用来控制如何操作关联的持久化对象的
3.4.1 none:保存，更新或删除当前对象时，忽略其它关联的对象
3.4.2 save-update:保存、更新时级联保存所有的临时对象，并且级联更新关联的游离对象
3.4.3 delete:通过session的delete方法删除当前对象，级联删除关联的对象
3.4.4 all:等于save-update操作+delete操作
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