hibernate关联关系（一对多）
什么是关联(association)
1.1 关联指的是类之间的引用关系。如果类A与类B关联，那么被引用的类B将被定义为类A的属性。例如:
t_hibernate_order
t_hibernate_order_item
一个订单对应多个订单项
class Order{
private List< OrderItem > orderItems;
}
class OrderItem{
private Order order;
}
class B{
private String name;
}
public class A{
private B b = new B;
public A(){}
}
案例大体图片
案例 ：对订单表 （t_hibernate_order）和订单详情表 t_hibernate_order_item进行 增删改查
对应的实体类
order.java
package com.pyc.two.entity;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class Order {
private Integer orderId;
private String orderNo;
private List<OrderItem> orderItems=new ArrayList<>();
public Integer getOrderId() {
return orderId;
}
public void setOrderId(Integer orderId) {
this.orderId = orderId;
}
public String getOrderNo() {
return orderNo;
}
public void setOrderNo(String orderNo) {
this.orderNo = orderNo;
}
public List<OrderItem> getOrderItems() {
return orderItems;
}
public void setOrderItems(List<OrderItem> orderItems) {
this.orderItems = orderItems;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Order [orderId=" + orderId + ", orderNo=" + orderNo + ", orderItems=" + orderItems + "]";
}
}
orderitme.java
package com.pyc.two.entity;
public class OrderItem {
private Integer orderItemId;
private Integer productId;
private Integer quantity;
private Integer oid;
private Order order;
public Order getOrder() {
return order;
}
public void setOrder(Order order) {
this.order = order;
}
public Integer getOrderItemId() {
return orderItemId;
}
public void setOrderItemId(Integer orderItemId) {
this.orderItemId = orderItemId;
}
public Integer getProductId() {
return productId;
}
public void setProductId(Integer productId) {
this.productId = productId;
}
public Integer getQuantity() {
return quantity;
}
public void setQuantity(Integer quantity) {
this.quantity = quantity;
}
public Integer getOid() {
return oid;
}
public void setOid(Integer oid) {
this.oid = oid;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "OrderItem [orderItemId=" + orderItemId + ", productId=" + productId + ", quantity=" + quantity + ", oid="
+ oid + "]";
}
}
xml 文件
Order.hbm.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="com.pyc.two.entity.Order" table="t_hibernate_order">
<id name="orderId" type="java.lang.Integer" column="order_id">
<generator class="increment" />
</id>
<property name="orderNo" type="java.lang.String" column="order_no">
</property>
<!--
list标签有问题不用
"increment"自增长
bag标签：
name:当前要映射的类的关联属性
cascade:维护关联关系
inverse:决定由谁来维护关联关系
key标签
column:表的外键对应的列段
one-to-many：
class:关联属性对应的类的全路径名
-->
<bag lazy="false" name="orderItems" inverse="true" cascade="save-update">
<key column="oid"></key>
<one-to-many class="com.pyc.two.entity.OrderItem"/>
</bag>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
orderItem.hbm.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="com.pyc.two.entity.OrderItem" table="t_hibernate_order_item">
<id name="orderItemId" type="java.lang.Integer" column="order_item_id">
<generator class="increment" />
</id>
<property name="productId" type="java.lang.Integer" column="product_id">
</property>
<property name="quantity" type="java.lang.Integer" column="quantity">
</property>
<property name="oid" type="java.lang.Integer" column="oid" insert="false" update="false">
</property>
<!-- many-to-one
多对一的配置(因为多个订单项对应一个订单）
name:指的是当前所要映射的类的关联com.wangcong.three.entity.OrderItem属性order
class:指的是关联属性的类别（全路径名）相当于上type
column:填的是从表外键(主表是一的一方：从表是多的一方)
-->
<many-to-one name="order" class="com.pyc.two.entity.Order" column="oid"></many-to-one>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
DemoDao.java
package com.pyc.two.dao;
import java.util.List;
import org.hibernate.Hibernate;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import com.pyc.first.util.SessionFactoryUtils;
import com.pyc.two.entity.Order;
import com.pyc.two.entity.OrderItem;
public class DemoDao {
/**
* 为了测试关系型映射文件配置准确
* 讲解insert=false，update=false的用途
* @param order
* @return
*/
public Integer addOrder(Order order) {//添加一个订单项
Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();//获取session
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();//获取事务
Integer oid = (Integer)session.save(order);//保存订单数据
transaction.commit();//提交事务
session.close();//关闭session资源
return oid;
}
public Integer addOrderItem(OrderItem orderItem) {//与上面一样 传参不同
Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
Integer otid = (Integer)session.save(orderItem);
transaction.commit();
session.close();
return otid;
}
/**
* 为了讲解懒加载的问题（hibernate3.0后所有查询方式默认采用的是懒加载方式）
* 1、查单个时存在问题，代理对象已经关闭
* 2、查多个存在问题，有性能的问题
* @param order
* @return
*/
public Order getOrder(Order order) {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
Order o = session.get(Order.class, order.getOrderId());//通过一个id把当前的这个id对应的订单查出
if(o != null && new Integer(1).equals(order.getInitChildren())) {
Hibernate.initialize(o.getOrderItems());//强制加载
//属性
// System.out.println(o.getOrderItems());
}
transaction.commit();
session.close();
return o;
}
public List<Order> getOrderList() {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
List<Order> list = session.createQuery("from Order").list();
transaction.commit();
session.close();
return list;
}
/**
* z主表的数据不能随便删除，得先删除从表中对应信息，才能删除主表的信息。
* @param order
*/
public void delOrder(Order order) {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
Order order2 = session.get(Order.class, order.getOrderId());//也是根据id来删
for (OrderItem oi : order2.getOrderItems()) {//订单包含的订单项遍历处理
session.delete(oi);//一个个把单个订单项删除了
}
session.delete(order2);
// session.delete(order);
transaction.commit();
session.close();
}
}
DemoTest
package com.pyc.two.dao;
import static org.junit.Assert.*;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import javax.transaction.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import com.pyc.first.util.SessionFactoryUtils;
import com.pyc.two.entity.Order;
import com.pyc.two.entity.OrderItem;
public class DemoDaoTest {
private DemoDao demoDao =new DemoDao();
@Test
public void testAddOrder() {
Order order=new Order();
order.setOrderNo("T237购物");
for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
OrderItem oi=new OrderItem();
oi.setProductId(10+i);
oi.setQuantity(20+i);
//demoDao.addOrderItem(oi)
order.getOrderItems().add(oi);//把订单项加进来
oi.setOrder(order);//把订单项与订单绑定
}
demoDao.addOrder(order);
}
@Test
public void testAddOrderItem() {//测试添加订单
OrderItem oi=new OrderItem();
oi.setProductId(66);
oi.setQuantity(66);
Order order=new Order();//new一个订单
order.setOrderId(11);//T237单子
oi.setOrder(order);//添加订单
demoDao.addOrderItem(oi);//添加订单项
}
@Test
public void testGetOrder() {//懒加载
Order order=new Order();
order.setOrderId(11);
order.setInitChildren(1);
Order o=demoDao.getOrder(order);
System.out.println(o.getOrderNo());
System.out.println(o.getOrderItems().size());
}
@Test
public void testGetOrderList() {
List<Order> orderList=demoDao.getOrderList();
for (Order order : orderList) {
System.out.println(order.getOrderNo());
// System.out.println(order.getOrderItems().size());
}
}
@Test
public void testDelOrder() {
Order order=new Order();
order.setOrderId(11);
this.demoDao.delOrder(order);
}
}
增加订单和 订单详情
@Test
public void testAddOrder() {
Order order=new Order();
order.setOrderNo("T237购物");
for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
OrderItem oi=new OrderItem();
oi.setProductId(10+i);
oi.setQuantity(20+i);
//demoDao.addOrderItem(oi)
order.getOrderItems().add(oi);//把订单项加进来
oi.setOrder(order);//把订单项与订单绑定
}
demoDao.addOrder(order);
}
增加 订单详添加
@Test
public void testAddOrderItem() {//测试添加订单
OrderItem oi=new OrderItem();
oi.setProductId(66);
oi.setQuantity(66);
Order order=new Order();//new一个订单
order.setOrderId(11);//T237单子
oi.setOrder(order);//添加订单
demoDao.addOrderItem(oi);//添加订单项
}
忘了加映射报错
加在OrderItem.hbm.xml里推荐加在上面
他的添加是告诉hibernate框架当前这个name='oid’的这个属性放弃对数据库这个oid的列段进行维护
这就没有报错了：
懒加载
@Test
public void testGetOrder() {//懒加载
Order order=new Order();
order.setOrderId(11);
Order o=demoDao.getOrder(order);
//failed to lazily initialize a collection of role: com.pyc.two.entity.Order.orderItems, could not initialize proxy - no Session
System.out.println(o.getOrderNo());
System.out.println(o.getOrderItems());
}
网上的解决方案不推荐
在OrderItem.hbm.xml中bag里添加 lazy 把true变成false也就立即加载了
查询全部
@Test
public void testGetOrderList() {
List<Order> orderList=demoDao.getOrderList();
for (Order order : orderList) {
System.out.println(order.getOrderNo());
System.out.println(order.getOrderItems().size());
}
}
仅仅点击查询他会显示出全部sql语句一万条也会显示一万条语句
性能太差
解决方案强制加载
默认懒方法提搞性能
DemoDao方法里的getOrder方法注释解开
public Order getOrder(Order order) {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
Order o = session.get(Order.class, order.getOrderId());//通过一个id把当前的这个id对应的订单查出
if(o != null && new Integer(1).equals(order.getInitChildren())) {
Hibernate.initialize(o.getOrderItems());//强制加载
//属性
// System.out.println(o.getOrderItems());
}
transaction.commit();
session.close();
return o;
}
在 Order.java 实体类加入
private Integer initChildren = 0;//提供set/get 方法
0代表默认加载，1代表强制加载
查看单个
@Test
public void testGetOrder() {//懒加载
Order order=new Order();
order.setOrderId(11);
order.setInitChildren(1);
Order o=demoDao.getOrder(order);
System.out.println(o.getOrderNo());
System.out.println(o.getOrderItems().size());
}
这边GerOrderList()还是查询单个
@Test
public void testGetOrderList() {
List<Order> orderList=demoDao.getOrderList();
for (Order order : orderList) {
System.out.println(order.getOrderNo());
// System.out.println(order.getOrderItems().size());
}
}
为什么默认是懒加载？
为了性能
上面的性能非常差你要用
添加order.setInitChildren(1);----强制加载
删除
删除对应id11的订单和订单详情
@Test
public void testDelOrder() {
Order order=new Order();
order.setOrderId(11);
this.demoDao.delOrder(order);
}
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