工具类FileUtils :
import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
import android.content.ContentUris;
import android.content.Context;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Environment;
import android.os.Build.VERSION;
import android.provider.DocumentsContract;
import android.provider.MediaStore.Images.Media;
import android.text.TextUtils;
import android.util.Log;
import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.channels.FileChannel;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Locale;
public class FileUtils {
private static final String TAG = "FileUtils";
private static SimpleDateFormat sf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMdd_HHmmssSS");
private FileUtils() {
}
public static boolean isExternalStorageDocument(Uri uri) {
return "com.android.externalstorage.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority());
}
public static boolean isDownloadsDocument(Uri uri) {
return "com.android.providers.downloads.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority());
}
public static boolean isMediaDocument(Uri uri) {
return "com.android.providers.media.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority());
}
public static boolean isGooglePhotosUri(Uri uri) {
return "com.google.android.apps.photos.content".equals(uri.getAuthority());
}
public static String getDataColumn(Context context, Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) {
Cursor cursor = null;
String column = "_data";
String[] projection = new String[]{"_data"};
try {
cursor = context.getContentResolver().query(uri, projection, selection, selectionArgs, (String)null);
if (cursor != null && cursor.moveToFirst()) {
int column_index = cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow("_data");
String var8 = cursor.getString(column_index);
return var8;
}
} catch (IllegalArgumentException var12) {
Log.i("FileUtils", String.format(Locale.getDefault(), "getDataColumn: _data - [%s]", var12.getMessage()));
} finally {
if (cursor != null) {
cursor.close();
}
}
return null;
}
@SuppressLint({"NewApi"})
public static String getPath(Context context, Uri uri) {
boolean isKitKat = VERSION.SDK_INT >= 19;
if (isKitKat && DocumentsContract.isDocumentUri(context, uri)) {
String id;
String[] split;
String type;
if (isExternalStorageDocument(uri)) {
id = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);
split = id.split(":");
type = split[0];
if ("primary".equalsIgnoreCase(type)) {
return Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() + "/" + split[1];
}
} else if (isDownloadsDocument(uri)) {
id = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);
if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(id)) {
try {
Uri contentUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(Uri.parse("content://downloads/public_downloads"), Long.valueOf(id));
return getDataColumn(context, contentUri, (String)null, (String[])null);
} catch (NumberFormatException var9) {
Log.i("FileUtils", var9.getMessage());
return null;
}
}
} else if (isMediaDocument(uri)) {
id = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);
split = id.split(":");
type = split[0];
Uri contentUri = null;
if ("image".equals(type)) {
contentUri = Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;
} else if ("video".equals(type)) {
contentUri = android.provider.MediaStore.Video.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;
} else if ("audio".equals(type)) {
contentUri = android.provider.MediaStore.Audio.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;
}
String selection = "_id=?";
String[] selectionArgs = new String[]{split[1]};
return getDataColumn(context, contentUri, "_id=?", selectionArgs);
}
} else {
if ("content".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())) {
if (isGooglePhotosUri(uri)) {
return uri.getLastPathSegment();
}
return getDataColumn(context, uri, (String)null, (String[])null);
}
if ("file".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())) {
return uri.getPath();
}
}
return null;
}
public static boolean copyFile(FileInputStream fileInputStream, String outFilePath) throws IOException {
if (fileInputStream == null) {
return false;
} else {
FileChannel inputChannel = null;
FileChannel outputChannel = null;
boolean var5;
try {
inputChannel = fileInputStream.getChannel();
outputChannel = (new FileOutputStream(new File(outFilePath))).getChannel();
inputChannel.transferTo(0L, inputChannel.size(), outputChannel);
inputChannel.close();
boolean var4 = true;
return var4;
} catch (Exception var9) {
var5 = false;
} finally {
if (fileInputStream != null) {
fileInputStream.close();
}
if (inputChannel != null) {
inputChannel.close();
}
if (outputChannel != null) {
outputChannel.close();
}
}
return var5;
}
}
public static void copyFile(@NonNull String pathFrom, @NonNull String pathTo) throws IOException {
if (!pathFrom.equalsIgnoreCase(pathTo)) {
FileChannel outputChannel = null;
FileChannel inputChannel = null;
try {
inputChannel = (new FileInputStream(new File(pathFrom))).getChannel();
outputChannel = (new FileOutputStream(new File(pathTo))).getChannel();
inputChannel.transferTo(0L, inputChannel.size(), outputChannel);
inputChannel.close();
} finally {
if (inputChannel != null) {
inputChannel.close();
}
if (outputChannel != null) {
outputChannel.close();
}
}
}
}
public static String getCreateFileName(String prefix) {
long millis = System.currentTimeMillis();
return prefix + sf.format(millis);
}
public static String getCreateFileName() {
long millis = System.currentTimeMillis();
return sf.format(millis);
}
public static String rename(String fileName) {
String temp = fileName.substring(0, fileName.lastIndexOf("."));
String suffix = fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf("."));
return temp + "_" + getCreateFileName() + suffix;
}
}
一、第一种实现
/**
* 根据Uri获取文件绝对路径,解决Android4.4以上版本Uri转换 兼容Android 10
*
* @param context
* @param imageUri
*/
public static String getFileAbsolutePath(Context context, Uri imageUri) {
if (context == null || imageUri == null) {
return null;
}
if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT) {
return getRealFilePath(context, imageUri);
}
if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT && android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Build.VERSION_CODES.Q && DocumentsContract.isDocumentUri(context, imageUri)) {
if (isExternalStorageDocument(imageUri)) {
String docId = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(imageUri);
String[] split = docId.split(":");
String type = split[0];
if ("primary".equalsIgnoreCase(type)) {
return Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() + "/" + split[1];
}
} else if (isDownloadsDocument(imageUri)) {
String id = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(imageUri);
Uri contentUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(Uri.parse("content://downloads/public_downloads"), Long.valueOf(id));
return getDataColumn(context, contentUri, null, null);
} else if (isMediaDocument(imageUri)) {
String docId = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(imageUri);
String[] split = docId.split(":");
String type = split[0];
Uri contentUri = null;
if ("image".equals(type)) {
contentUri = MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;
} else if ("video".equals(type)) {
contentUri = MediaStore.Video.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;
} else if ("audio".equals(type)) {
contentUri = MediaStore.Audio.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;
}
String selection = MediaStore.Images.Media._ID + "=?";
String[] selectionArgs = new String[]{split[1]};
return getDataColumn(context, contentUri, selection, selectionArgs);
}
}
// MediaStore (and general)
if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.Q){
return uriToFileApiQ(context,imageUri);
}
else if ("content".equalsIgnoreCase(imageUri.getScheme())) {
// Return the remote address
if (isGooglePhotosUri(imageUri)) {
return imageUri.getLastPathSegment();
}
return getDataColumn(context, imageUri, null, null);
}
// File
else if ("file".equalsIgnoreCase(imageUri.getScheme())) {
return imageUri.getPath();
}
return null;
}
//此方法 只能用于4.4以下的版本
private static String getRealFilePath(final Context context, final Uri uri) {
if (null == uri) {
return null;
}
final String scheme = uri.getScheme();
String data = null;
if (scheme == null) {
data = uri.getPath();
} else if (ContentResolver.SCHEME_FILE.equals(scheme)) {
data = uri.getPath();
} else if (ContentResolver.SCHEME_CONTENT.equals(scheme)) {
String[] projection = {MediaStore.Images.ImageColumns.DATA};
Cursor cursor = context.getContentResolver().query(uri, projection, null, null, null);
// Cursor cursor = context.getContentResolver().query(uri, new String[]{MediaStore.Images.ImageColumns.DATA}, null, null, null);
if (null != cursor) {
if (cursor.moveToFirst()) {
int index = cursor.getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Images.ImageColumns.DATA);
if (index > -1) {
data = cursor.getString(index);
}
}
cursor.close();
}
}
return data;
}
/**
* @param uri The Uri to check.
* @return Whether the Uri authority is ExternalStorageProvider.
*/
private static boolean isExternalStorageDocument(Uri uri) {
return "com.android.externalstorage.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority());
}
/**
* @param uri The Uri to check.
* @return Whether the Uri authority is DownloadsProvider.
*/
private static boolean isDownloadsDocument(Uri uri) {
return "com.android.providers.downloads.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority());
}
private static String getDataColumn(Context context, Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) {
Cursor cursor = null;
String column = MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA;
String[] projection = {column};
try {
cursor = context.getContentResolver().query(uri, projection, selection, selectionArgs, null);
if (cursor != null && cursor.moveToFirst()) {
int index = cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(column);
return cursor.getString(index);
}
} finally {
if (cursor != null) {
cursor.close();
}
}
return null;
}
/**
* @param uri The Uri to check.
* @return Whether the Uri authority is MediaProvider.
*/
private static boolean isMediaDocument(Uri uri) {
return "com.android.providers.media.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority());
}
/**
* @param uri The Uri to check.
* @return Whether the Uri authority is Google Photos.
*/
private static boolean isGooglePhotosUri(Uri uri) {
return "com.google.android.apps.photos.content".equals(uri.getAuthority());
}
/**
* Android 10 以上适配 另一种写法
* @param context
* @param uri
* @return
*/
private static String getFileFromContentUri(Context context, Uri uri) {
if (uri == null) {
return null;
}
String filePath;
String[] filePathColumn = {MediaStore.MediaColumns.DATA, MediaStore.MediaColumns.DISPLAY_NAME};
ContentResolver contentResolver = context.getContentResolver();
Cursor cursor = contentResolver.query(uri, filePathColumn, null,
null, null);
if (cursor != null) {
cursor.moveToFirst();
try {
filePath = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(filePathColumn[0]));
return filePath;
} catch (Exception e) {
} finally {
cursor.close();
}
}
return "";
}
/**
* Android 10 以上适配
* @param context
* @param uri
* @return
*/
@RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
private static String uriToFileApiQ(Context context, Uri uri) {
File file = null;
//android10以上转换
if (uri.getScheme().equals(ContentResolver.SCHEME_FILE)) {
file = new File(uri.getPath());
} else if (uri.getScheme().equals(ContentResolver.SCHEME_CONTENT)) {
//把文件复制到沙盒目录
ContentResolver contentResolver = context.getContentResolver();
Cursor cursor = contentResolver.query(uri, null, null, null, null);
if (cursor.moveToFirst()) {
String displayName = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(OpenableColumns.DISPLAY_NAME));
try {
InputStream is = contentResolver.openInputStream(uri);
File cache = new File(context.getExternalCacheDir().getAbsolutePath(), Math.round((Math.random() + 1) * 1000) + displayName);
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(cache);
FileUtils.copy(is, fos);
file = cache;
fos.close();
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
return file.getAbsolutePath();
}
/**
* 通过文件路径 uri的转字符也可以
* @param filePath
* @return
*/
public static String getMimeType(String filePath) {
String ext = MimeTypeMap.getFileExtensionFromUrl(filePath);
return MimeTypeMap.getSingleton().getMimeTypeFromExtension(ext);
}
二、第二种通用实现(目前文件选择贼好用-部分需大家测试验证,安卓10及以下使用无问题,11,12官方有对应的区分)
/**
* Android 10 以上适配 另一种写法
* @param context
* @param uri
* @return
*/
@SuppressLint("Range")
public static String getFileFromContentUri(Context context, Uri uri) {
if (uri == null) {
return null;
}
String filePath;
String[] filePathColumn = {MediaStore.DownloadColumns.DATA, MediaStore.DownloadColumns.DISPLAY_NAME};
ContentResolver contentResolver = context.getContentResolver();
Cursor cursor = contentResolver.query(uri, filePathColumn, null,
null, null);
if (cursor != null) {
cursor.moveToFirst();
try {
filePath = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(filePathColumn[0]));
return filePath;
} catch (Exception e) {
} finally {
cursor.close();
}
}
return "";
}
新方式兼容安卓13通用实现:
public static String getRealPathFromUri(Context context, Uri uri) {
String filePath = "";
String scheme = uri.getScheme();
if (scheme == null)
filePath = uri.getPath();
else if (ContentResolver.SCHEME_FILE.equals(scheme)) {
filePath = uri.getPath();
} else if (ContentResolver.SCHEME_CONTENT.equals(scheme)) {
String[] proj = { MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA };
Cursor cursor = context.getContentResolver().query(uri, proj, null, null, null);
if (cursor != null) {
if (cursor.moveToFirst()) {
int columnIndex = cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA);
filePath = cursor.getString(columnIndex);
}
cursor.close();
}
if (TextUtils.isEmpty(filePath)) {
filePath = getFilePathForNonMediaUri(context, uri);
}
}
return filePath;
}
//非媒体文件中查找
private static String getFilePathForNonMediaUri(Context context, Uri uri) {
String filePath = "";
Cursor cursor = context.getContentResolver().query(uri, null, null, null, null);
if (cursor != null) {
if (cursor.moveToFirst()) {
int columnIndex = cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow("_data");
filePath = cursor.getString(columnIndex);
}
cursor.close();
}
return filePath;
}
三 、Path 转Uri
public static Uri toUri(Context context,String filePath) {
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.N) {
return FileProvider.getUriForFile(context, context.getApplicationInfo().packageName + ".fileprovider", new File(filePath));
}
return Uri.fromFile(new File(filePath));
}
四,file_paths文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
<paths>
<root-path
name="root"
path="" />
<files-path
name="files"
path="" />
<cache-path
name="cache"
path="" />
<external-path
name="external"
path="" />
<external-files-path
name="external_file_path"
path="" />
<external-cache-path
name="external_cache_path"
path="" />
</paths>
</resources>
五 、mainfest 文件配置
<provider
android:name="androidx.core.content.FileProvider"
android:authorities="你的包名.fileprovider"
android:exported="false"
android:grantUriPermissions="true"
tools:replace="android:authorities">
<meta-data
android:name="android.support.FILE_PROVIDER_PATHS"
android:resource="@xml/file_paths" />
</provider>
六、Android 10 的坑:
从Android10(API 29)开始,App层没有访问此路径的权限(即:
Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath()
),官方提供的临时解决方案是在 Android Manifest 清单文件添加如下配置
七、Android 11 的坑:
需要增加:Manifest.permission.MANAGE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE 权限
步骤:
-
在AndroidManifest.xml中声明MANAGE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE权限。
-
发出一个action为Settings.ACTION_MANAGE_ALL_FILES_ACCESS_PERMISSION的Intent,引导用户手动授权。
-
调用Environment.isExternalStorageManager()来判断用户是否已授权。
注意:
MANAGE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE 允许执行的操作
MANAGE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
权限会授予以下权限:
-
对共享存储空间中的所有文件的读写访问权限。
注意:
/sdcard/Android/media
目录是共享存储空间的一部分。 -
对 MediaStore.Files 表的内容的访问权限。
-
对 USB On-The-Go (OTG) 驱动器和 SD 卡的根目录的访问权限。
-
除
/Android/data/
、/sdcard/Android
以及/sdcard/Android
的大多数子目录外,对所有内部存储目录的写入权限。该写入权限包括文件路径访问权限。获得该权限的应用仍然无法访问属于其他应用的应用专用目录,因为这些目录在存储卷上显示为
Android/data/
的子目录。
当应用具有 MANAGE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
权限时,它可以使用 MediaStore API 或直接文件路径访问这些额外的文件和目录。但是,当您使用存储访问框架时,只有在您不具备 MANAGE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
权限也能访问文件或目录的情况下才能访问文件或目录。