用Python和Pygame写游戏-从入门到精通（实战一：涂鸦画板2）

用Python和Pygame写游戏-从入门到精通（实战一：涂鸦画板2）

趁热打铁赶快把我们这个画板完成吧~

……鼠绘无能，不准笑！所有评论中“噗嗤”、“画的好搓啊”、“画的好棒啊”等，都会被我无情扑杀掉！但是能告诉我怎样画可以更漂亮的话，绝对欢迎。

上次讲Brush的时候，因为觉得太简单把color设置跳过了，现在实际写的时候才发现，因为我们设置了颜色需要对刷子也有效，所以实际上set_color方法还有一点点收尾工作需要做：

Python

def set_color(self, color): self.color = color for i in xrange(self.brush.get_width()): for j in xrange(self.brush.get_height()): self.brush.set_at((i, j), color + (self.brush.get_at((i, j)).a,))

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def set_color ( self , color ) :          self . color = color          for i in xrange ( self . brush . get_width ( ) ) :              for j in xrange ( self . brush . get_height ( ) ) :                  self . brush . set_at ( ( i , j ) ,                          color + ( self . brush . get_at ( ( i , j ) ) . a , ) )

也就是在设定color的时候，顺便把笔刷的颜色也改了，但是要保留原来的alpha值，其实也很简单就是了……

按钮菜单部分

上图可以看到，按钮部分分别为铅笔、毛笔、尺寸大小、（当前样式）、颜色选择者几个组成。我们只以笔刷选择为例讲解一下，其他的都是类似的。

Python

# 初始化部分 self.sizes = [ pygame.image.load("big.png").convert_alpha(), pygame.image.load("small.png").convert_alpha() ] self.sizes_rect = [] for (i, img) in enumerate(self.sizes): rect = pygame.Rect(10 + i * 32, 138, 32, 32) self.sizes_rect.append(rect) # 绘制部分 for (i, img) in enumerate(self.pens): self.screen.blit(img, self.pens_rect[i].topleft) # 点击判断部分 for (i, rect) in enumerate(self.pens_rect): if rect.collidepoint(pos): self.brush.set_brush_style(bool(i)) return True

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# 初始化部分          self . sizes = [                  pygame . image . load ( "big.png" ) . convert_alpha ( ) ,                  pygame . image . load ( "small.png" ) . convert_alpha ( )              ]          self . sizes_rect = [ ]          for ( i , img ) in enumerate ( self . sizes ) :              rect = pygame . Rect ( 10 + i * 32 , 138 , 32 , 32 )              self . sizes_rect . append ( rect )   # 绘制部分          for ( i , img ) in enumerate ( self . pens ) :              self . screen . blit ( img , self . pens_rect [ i ] . topleft )   # 点击判断部分          for ( i , rect ) in enumerate ( self . pens_rect ) :              if rect . collidepoint ( pos ) :                  self . brush . set_brush_style ( bool ( i ) )                  return True

这些代码实际上是我这个例子最想给大家说明的地方，按钮式我们从未接触过的东西，然而游戏中按钮的应用我都不必说。

不过这代码也都不困难，基本都是我们学过的东西，只不过变换了一下组合而已，我稍微说明一下：

初始化部分：读入图标，并给每个图标一个Rect
绘制部分： 根据图表的Rect绘制图表
点击判断部分：根据点击的位置，依靠“碰撞”来判断这个按钮是否被点击，若点击了，则做相应的操作（这里是设置样式）后返回True。这里的collidepoint()是新内容，也就是Rect的“碰撞”函数，它接收一个坐标，如果在Rect内部，就返回True，否则False。

好像也就如此，有了一定的知识积累后，新东西的学习也变得易如反掌了。

在这个代码中，为了明晰，我把各个按钮按照功能都分成了好几组，在实际应用中按钮数量很多的时候可能并不合适，请自己斟酌。

完整代码

OK，这就结束了~ 下面把整个代码贴出来。不过，我是一边写代码一遍写文章，思路不是很连贯，而且python也好久不用了……如果有哪里写的有问题（没有就怪了），还请不吝指出！

Python

import pygame from pygame.locals import * import math # 2011/08/27 Version 1, first imported class Brush(): def __init__(self, screen): self.screen = screen self.color = (0, 0, 0) self.size = 1 self.drawing = False self.last_pos = None self.space = 1 # if style is True, normal solid brush # if style is False, png brush self.style = False # load brush style png self.brush = pygame.image.load("brush.png").convert_alpha() # set the current brush depends on size self.brush_now = self.brush.subsurface((0,0), (1, 1)) def start_draw(self, pos): self.drawing = True self.last_pos = pos def end_draw(self): self.drawing = False def set_brush_style(self, style): print "* set brush style to", style self.style = style def get_brush_style(self): return self.style def get_current_brush(self): return self.brush_now def set_size(self, size): if size < 0.5: size = 0.5 elif size > 32: size = 32 print "* set brush size to", size self.size = size self.brush_now = self.brush.subsurface((0,0), (size*2, size*2)) def get_size(self): return self.size def set_color(self, color): self.color = color for i in xrange(self.brush.get_width()): for j in xrange(self.brush.get_height()): self.brush.set_at((i, j), color + (self.brush.get_at((i, j)).a,)) def get_color(self): return self.color def draw(self, pos): if self.drawing: for p in self._get_points(pos): # draw eveypoint between them if self.style == False: pygame.draw.circle(self.screen, self.color, p, self.size) else: self.screen.blit(self.brush_now, p) self.last_pos = pos def _get_points(self, pos): """ Get all points between last_point ~ now_point. """ points = [ (self.last_pos[0], self.last_pos[1]) ] len_x = pos[0] - self.last_pos[0] len_y = pos[1] - self.last_pos[1] length = math.sqrt(len_x ** 2 + len_y ** 2) step_x = len_x / length step_y = len_y / length for i in xrange(int(length)): points.append( (points[-1][0] + step_x, points[-1][1] + step_y)) points = map(lambda x:(int(0.5+x[0]), int(0.5+x[1])), points) # return light-weight, uniq integer point list return list(set(points)) class Menu(): def __init__(self, screen): self.screen = screen self.brush = None self.colors = [ (0xff, 0x00, 0xff), (0x80, 0x00, 0x80), (0x00, 0x00, 0xff), (0x00, 0x00, 0x80), (0x00, 0xff, 0xff), (0x00, 0x80, 0x80), (0x00, 0xff, 0x00), (0x00, 0x80, 0x00), (0xff, 0xff, 0x00), (0x80, 0x80, 0x00), (0xff, 0x00, 0x00), (0x80, 0x00, 0x00), (0xc0, 0xc0, 0xc0), (0xff, 0xff, 0xff), (0x00, 0x00, 0x00), (0x80, 0x80, 0x80), ] self.colors_rect = [] for (i, rgb) in enumerate(self.colors): rect = pygame.Rect(10 + i % 2 * 32, 254 + i / 2 * 32, 32, 32) self.colors_rect.append(rect) self.pens = [ pygame.image.load("pen1.png").convert_alpha(), pygame.image.load("pen2.png").convert_alpha() ] self.pens_rect = [] for (i, img) in enumerate(self.pens): rect = pygame.Rect(10, 10 + i * 64, 64, 64) self.pens_rect.append(rect) self.sizes = [ pygame.image.load("big.png").convert_alpha(), pygame.image.load("small.png").convert_alpha() ] self.sizes_rect = [] for (i, img) in enumerate(self.sizes): rect = pygame.Rect(10 + i * 32, 138, 32, 32) self.sizes_rect.append(rect) def set_brush(self, brush): self.brush = brush def draw(self): # draw pen style button for (i, img) in enumerate(self.pens): self.screen.blit(img, self.pens_rect[i].topleft) # draw < > buttons for (i, img) in enumerate(self.sizes): self.screen.blit(img, self.sizes_rect[i].topleft) # draw current pen / color self.screen.fill((255, 255, 255), (10, 180, 64, 64)) pygame.draw.rect(self.screen, (0, 0, 0), (10, 180, 64, 64), 1) size = self.brush.get_size() x = 10 + 32 y = 180 + 32 if self.brush.get_brush_style(): x = x - size y = y - size self.screen.blit(self.brush.get_current_brush(), (x, y)) else: pygame.draw.circle(self.screen, self.brush.get_color(), (x, y), size) # draw colors panel for (i, rgb) in enumerate(self.colors): pygame.draw.rect(self.screen, rgb, self.colors_rect[i]) def click_button(self, pos): # pen buttons for (i, rect) in enumerate(self.pens_rect): if rect.collidepoint(pos): self.brush.set_brush_style(bool(i)) return True # size buttons for (i, rect) in enumerate(self.sizes_rect): if rect.collidepoint(pos): if i: # i == 1, size down self.brush.set_size(self.brush.get_size() - 0.5) else: self.brush.set_size(self.brush.get_size() + 0.5) return True # color buttons for (i, rect) in enumerate(self.colors_rect): if rect.collidepoint(pos): self.brush.set_color(self.colors[i]) return True return False class Painter(): def __init__(self): self.screen = pygame.display.set_mode((800, 600)) pygame.display.set_caption("Painter") self.clock = pygame.time.Clock() self.brush = Brush(self.screen) self.menu = Menu(self.screen) self.menu.set_brush(self.brush) def run(self): self.screen.fill((255, 255, 255)) while True: # max fps limit self.clock.tick(30) for event in pygame.event.get(): if event.type == QUIT: return elif event.type == KEYDOWN: # press esc to clear screen if event.key == K_ESCAPE: self.screen.fill((255, 255, 255)) elif event.type == MOUSEBUTTONDOWN: # <= 74, coarse judge here can save much time if ((event.pos)[0] <= 74 and self.menu.click_button(event.pos)): # if not click on a functional button, do drawing pass else: self.brush.start_draw(event.pos) elif event.type == MOUSEMOTION: self.brush.draw(event.pos) elif event.type == MOUSEBUTTONUP: self.brush.end_draw() self.menu.draw() pygame.display.update() if __name__ == '__main__': app = Painter() app.run()

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import pygame from pygame . locals import * import math   # 2011/08/27 Version 1, first imported   class Brush ( ) :      def __init__ ( self , screen ) :          self . screen = screen          self . color = ( 0 , 0 , 0 )          self . size    = 1          self . drawing = False          self . last_pos = None          self . space = 1          # if style is True, normal solid brush          # if style is False, png brush          self . style = False          # load brush style png          self . brush = pygame . image . load ( "brush.png" ) . convert_alpha ( )          # set the current brush depends on size          self . brush_now = self . brush . subsurface ( ( 0 , 0 ) , ( 1 , 1 ) )        def start_draw ( self , pos ) :          self . drawing = True          self . last_pos = pos      def end_draw ( self ) :          self . drawing = False        def set_brush_style ( self , style ) :          print "* set brush style to" , style          self . style = style      def get_brush_style ( self ) :          return self . style        def get_current_brush ( self ) :          return self . brush_now        def set_size ( self , size ) :          if size < 0.5 : size = 0.5          elif size > 32 : size = 32          print "* set brush size to" , size          self . size = size          self . brush_now = self . brush . subsurface ( ( 0 , 0 ) , ( size * 2 , size * 2 ) )      def get_size ( self ) :          return self . size        def set_color ( self , color ) :          self . color = color          for i in xrange ( self . brush . get_width ( ) ) :              for j in xrange ( self . brush . get_height ( ) ) :                  self . brush . set_at ( ( i , j ) ,                          color + ( self . brush . get_at ( ( i , j ) ) . a , ) )      def get_color ( self ) :          return self . color        def draw ( self , pos ) :          if self . drawing :              for p in self . _get_points ( pos ) :                  # draw eveypoint between them                  if self . style == False :                      pygame . draw . circle ( self . screen , self . color , p , self . size )                  else :                      self . screen . blit ( self . brush_now , p )                self . last_pos = pos        def _get_points ( self , pos ) :          """ Get all points between last_point ~ now_point. """          points = [ ( self . last_pos [ 0 ] , self . last_pos [ 1 ] ) ]          len_x = pos [ 0 ] - self . last_pos [ 0 ]          len_y = pos [ 1 ] - self . last_pos [ 1 ]          length = math . sqrt ( len_x * * 2 + len_y * * 2 )          step_x = len_x / length          step_y = len_y / length          for i in xrange ( int ( length ) ) :              points . append (                      ( points [ - 1 ] [ 0 ] + step_x , points [ - 1 ] [ 1 ] + step_y ) )          points = map ( lambda x : ( int ( 0.5 + x [ 0 ] ) , int ( 0.5 + x [ 1 ] ) ) , points )          # return light-weight, uniq integer point list          return list ( set ( points ) )   class Menu ( ) :      def __init__ ( self , screen ) :          self . screen = screen          self . brush    = None          self . colors = [                  ( 0xff , 0x00 , 0xff ) , ( 0x80 , 0x00 , 0x80 ) ,                  ( 0x00 , 0x00 , 0xff ) , ( 0x00 , 0x00 , 0x80 ) ,                  ( 0x00 , 0xff , 0xff ) , ( 0x00 , 0x80 , 0x80 ) ,                  ( 0x00 , 0xff , 0x00 ) , ( 0x00 , 0x80 , 0x00 ) ,                  ( 0xff , 0xff , 0x00 ) , ( 0x80 , 0x80 , 0x00 ) ,                  ( 0xff , 0x00 , 0x00 ) , ( 0x80 , 0x00 , 0x00 ) ,                  ( 0xc0 , 0xc0 , 0xc0 ) , ( 0xff , 0xff , 0xff ) ,                  ( 0x00 , 0x00 , 0x00 ) , ( 0x80 , 0x80 , 0x80 ) ,              ]          self . colors_rect = [ ]          for ( i , rgb ) in enumerate ( self . colors ) :              rect = pygame . Rect ( 10 + i % 2 * 32 , 254 + i / 2 * 32 , 32 , 32 )              self . colors_rect . append ( rect )            self . pens = [                  pygame . image . load ( "pen1.png" ) . convert_alpha ( ) ,                  pygame . image . load ( "pen2.png" ) . convert_alpha ( )              ]          self . pens_rect = [ ]          for ( i , img ) in enumerate ( self . pens ) :              rect = pygame . Rect ( 10 , 10 + i * 64 , 64 , 64 )              self . pens_rect . append ( rect )            self . sizes = [                  pygame . image . load ( "big.png" ) . convert_alpha ( ) ,                  pygame . image . load ( "small.png" ) . convert_alpha ( )              ]          self . sizes_rect = [ ]          for ( i , img ) in enumerate ( self . sizes ) :              rect = pygame . Rect ( 10 + i * 32 , 138 , 32 , 32 )              self . sizes_rect . append ( rect )        def set_brush ( self , brush ) :          self . brush = brush        def draw ( self ) :          # draw pen style button          for ( i , img ) in enumerate ( self . pens ) :              self . screen . blit ( img , self . pens_rect [ i ] . topleft )          # draw < > buttons          for ( i , img ) in enumerate ( self . sizes ) :              self . screen . blit ( img , self . sizes_rect [ i ] . topleft )          # draw current pen / color          self . screen . fill ( ( 255 , 255 , 255 ) , ( 10 , 180 , 64 , 64 ) )          pygame . draw . rect ( self . screen , ( 0 , 0 , 0 ) , ( 10 , 180 , 64 , 64 ) , 1 )          size = self . brush . get_size ( )          x = 10 + 32          y = 180 + 32          if self . brush . get_brush_style ( ) :              x = x - size              y = y - size              self . screen . blit ( self . brush . get_current_brush ( ) , ( x , y ) )          else :              pygame . draw . circle ( self . screen ,                      self . brush . get_color ( ) , ( x , y ) , size )          # draw colors panel          for ( i , rgb ) in enumerate ( self . colors ) :              pygame . draw . rect ( self . screen , rgb , self . colors_rect [ i ] )        def click_button ( self , pos ) :          # pen buttons          for ( i , rect ) in enumerate ( self . pens_rect ) :              if rect . collidepoint ( pos ) :                  self . brush . set_brush_style ( bool ( i ) )                  return True          # size buttons          for ( i , rect ) in enumerate ( self . sizes_rect ) :              if rect . collidepoint ( pos ) :                  if i :    # i == 1, size down                      self . brush . set_size ( self . brush . get_size ( ) - 0.5 )                  else :                      self . brush . set_size ( self . brush . get_size ( ) + 0.5 )                  return True          # color buttons          for ( i , rect ) in enumerate ( self . colors_rect ) :              if rect . collidepoint ( pos ) :                  self . brush . set_color ( self . colors [ i ] )                  return True          return False   class Painter ( ) :      def __init__ ( self ) :          self . screen = pygame . display . set_mode ( ( 800 , 600 ) )          pygame . display . set_caption ( "Painter" )          self . clock = pygame . time . Clock ( )          self . brush = Brush ( self . screen )          self . menu    = Menu ( self . screen )          self . menu . set_brush ( self . brush )        def run ( self ) :          self . screen . fill ( ( 255 , 255 , 255 ) )          while True :              # max fps limit              self . clock . tick ( 30 )              for event in pygame . event . get ( ) :                  if event . type == QUIT :                      return                  elif event . type == KEYDOWN :                      # press esc to clear screen                      if event . key == K_ESCAPE :                          self . screen . fill ( ( 255 , 255 , 255 ) )                  elif event . type == MOUSEBUTTONDOWN :                      # <= 74, coarse judge here can save much time                      if ( ( event . pos ) [ 0 ] <= 74 and                              self . menu . click_button ( event . pos ) ) :                          # if not click on a functional button, do drawing                          pass                      else :                          self . brush . start_draw ( event . pos )                  elif event . type == MOUSEMOTION :                      self . brush . draw ( event . pos )                  elif event . type == MOUSEBUTTONUP :                      self . brush . end_draw ( )                self . menu . draw ( )              pygame . display . update ( )   if __name__ == '__main__' :      app = Painter ( )      app . run ( )

200行左右，注释也不是很多，因为在这两篇文章里都讲了，有哪里不明白的请留言，我会根据实际情况再改改。

本次使用的资源文件打包

这次的pygame知识点：

• 屏幕Surface和图像Surface
• 图像绘制和图形绘制（是不是有人不明白“图像”和“图形”的区别？简单的说，图像指的是那些图片文件，图形指的是用命令画出来形状）
• 按钮的实现（新内容）

认真的朋友一定发现了本次没有涉及到动画和声音，毕竟这次只是简单的例子，太复杂了不免让人生畏。

实际用一下，会发现这个例子有很多不足，比如画错了不能撤消，只能用白色画掉（当然真正的艺术家都不用橡皮来着）；调节画笔大小的时候太麻烦，点一下跳个0.5（你可以试着加上快捷键）；窗口尺寸不能变，图片不能打开不能保存……不足一大堆啊，不说了，自己都要伤心了~ 但是只要你掌握了原理，所有的自己期望的功能都能慢慢实现。看着手中的程序慢慢成长，不是很有成就感么？它甚至有可能变的史无前例的强大，难道不是么？

下一个实战是什么？尽请期待~

# 另，非常欢迎有绘图高手用这个画个漂亮点的给我，我好把题头的图片换掉，太吓人了……