python基础（四）

#######sorted高阶函数#######

#!/usr/bin/env python
#coding:utf-8
_author_ = 'hxr'
li=['hhh','ddd','BB','LL']
num=[12,2,1,43,23]

###数字由大到小进行排序

def reserved_cmp(x,y):
    if x>y:
        return -1
    elif x<y:
        return 1
    else:
        return 0
print sorted(num)
print sorted(num,reserved_cmp)

##忽略大小写进行排序

def ignore_case_cmp(x,y):
    lower1 = x.lower()
    lower2 = y.lower()
    if lower1<lower2:
        return -1
    elif lower1>lower2:
        return 1
    else:
        return 0
print sorted(li,ignore_case_cmp)
print sorted(li)

######################

#!/usr/bin/env python
#coding:utf-8
_author_ = 'hxr'
#函数作为返回值
def wrap_sum(*args):
    def my_sum():
        sum_num=0
        for i in args:
            if not isinstance(i,(int,float)):
                print 'ERROR'
            sum_num+=i
        return sum_num
    return my_sum
f=wrap_sum(2,3,1,4)
print f()

###########函数作为返回值############

#!/usr/bin/env python
#coding:utf-8
_author_ = 'hxr'
def count():
    fs=[]
    for i in range(1,4):
        def f():
            return j*j
        fs.append(f(i))
    return fs
f1,f2,f3=count()##存放函数f的地址，此时i均为3
print f1()
print f2()
print f3()
执行结果：9 9 9
#!/usr/bin/env python
#coding:utf-8
_author_ = 'hxr'
def count():
    fs=[]
    for i in range(1,4):
        def f(j):
            def g():
                return j*j
            return g
        fs.append(f(i))
    return fs
f1,f2,f3=count()##存放函数g的地址，j分别记录i值
print f1()
print f2()
print f3()
执行结果：1，4，9

#########匿名函数##############

##可变参数
#!/usr/bin/env python
#coding:utf-8
_author_ = 'hxr'
f=lambda *x:map(lambda x:x*x,x)
print f(1,2,3,4)
###关键字参数
f1=lambda **kwargs:kwargs.items()
print f1(name='hello',age=3)
##无参数
f2=lambda :1
print f2()
##多个参数
f3=lambda x,y=2:x**y
print f3(2,3)
print f3(2)
##运算器
c1=lambda x,y:x+y
c2=lambda x,y:x-y
c3=lambda x,y:x*y
c4=lambda x,y:x/y
x=input('输入一个数：')
y=input('输入一个数：')
oper=raw_input('输入对应操作：')
d={'+':c1(x,y),'-':c2(x,y),'*':c3(x,y),'/':c4(x,y)}
if oper not in d.keys():
    print "输入操作有误"
    exit(0)
print d[oper]

#############装饰器##############

#1）.不修改函数的源代码
#2）.函数的调用方式没改变
#!/usr/bin/env python
#coding:utf-8
_author_ = 'hxr'
import time
def timmer(func):
    def dec():
        start_time=time.time()
        func()
        stop_time=time.time()
        print '%s run %s 秒'%(func.__name__,stop_time-start_time)
        return func.__name__,stop_time-start_time
    return dec
@timmer     # hello1=timmer(hello1),语法糖（相当于这条语句）
def hello1():
    print 'hello1...'
    time.sleep(2)
hello1()

########文件操作######

##将一个文件的hello全部替换westos，并另编辑文件存储
#!/usr/bin/env python
#coding:utf-8
_author_ = 'hxr'
f=open('hello','a+')
s=f.read()
s=s.replace('hello','westos')
with open('hello.bak','w') as g:
    g.write(s)
f.close()