基础补漏--深浅拷贝

       当你点开这篇博客，暂不敢说必喜好python，但至少证明对深浅拷贝有缘。或许你从事python时日已久，或许你同小编一道初入茅庐，或许你曾费很久去学深浅拷贝…但至今仍似懂非懂。那么，相信看完这篇博客定能让你“山重水复疑无路，柳暗花明又一村”😀！

一，内存相关的练习

practice one

v1 = {'k1':'v1','k2':[1,2,3]}
v2 = v1

result1 = v1 == v2 
result2 = v1 is v2 
print(result1)
print(result2)

注：“=”表示赋值，“==”表示值相等，“is”表示值和内存地址都相等

所以v1，v2值和内存地址都相等，即运行结果为True True

practice two

v1 = {'k1':'v1','k2':[1,2,3]}
v2 = v1

v1['k1'] = 'hepengli'
print(v2)

所以v1，v2值和内存地址还是相同，即运行结果为{‘k1’: ‘hepengli’, ‘k2’: [1, 2, 3]}

practice three

v1 = '人生苦短，我用Python'
v2 = [1,2,3,4,v1]

v1 = "人生苦短，用毛线Python"

print(v2)

即结果为[1, 2, 3, 4, ‘人生苦短，我用Python’]

practice four

info = [1,2,3]
userinfo = {'account':info, 'num':info, 'money':info}

info.append(9)
print(userinfo)

info = "丈八和尚"
print(userinfo)

即结果为
{‘account’: [1, 2, 3, 9], ‘num’: [1, 2, 3, 9], ‘money’: [1, 2, 3, 9]}
{‘account’: [1, 2, 3, 9], ‘num’: [1, 2, 3, 9], ‘money’: [1, 2, 3, 9]}

practice five

info = [1,2,3]
userinfo = [info,info,info,info]

info[0] = '感觉有点上头'
print(info,userinfo)

即结果为[‘感觉有点上头’, 2, 3] [[‘感觉有点上头’, 2, 3], [‘感觉有点上头’, 2, 3], [‘感觉有点上头’, 2, 3], [‘感觉有点上头’, 2, 3]]

practice six

info = [1,2,3]
userinfo = [info,info,info]

userinfo[2][0] = '脑阔疼'
print(info,userinfo)

即结果为[‘脑阔疼’, 2, 3] [[‘脑阔疼’, 2, 3], [‘脑阔疼’, 2, 3], [‘脑阔疼’, 2, 3]]

当不在为上面的几个小练习而犯迷糊时，深浅拷贝已无形间易如反掌！

二，深浅拷贝

one

假如一个变量为name=“hepengli”，那么常说拷贝一份就是复制粘贴，就算拷贝了一份🤣🤣🤣实则不然，在python中有个copy库

import copy

name = "hepengli"
name1 = copy.copy(name)  # 浅拷贝
name2 = copy.deepcopy(name)  # 深拷贝

小结：像字符串(str)，整型(int)，布尔型(bool)深浅拷贝没啥意思

two(list，set，dict)

①

import copy

list1 = ["hepengli", 1, 31]
list2 = copy.copy(list1)  # 浅拷贝
print(list1 == list2)  # True
print(list1 is list2)  # False
print(list1[0] is list2[0])  # True

list3 = copy.deepcopy(list1)  # 深拷贝
print(list1 == list2)  # True
print(list1 is list2)  # False
print(list1[0] is list2[0])  # True

小结：像list，set，dict只有一层，深浅拷贝也区别不大

②

import copy

list1 = [1, 2, [33, 99]]
list2 = copy.copy(list1)  # 浅拷贝
list3 = copy.deepcopy(list1)  # 深拷贝
print(list1 == list2)  # True
print(list1 is list2)  # False
print(list1[0] is list2[0])  # True
print(list1[2] == list2[2])  # True
print(list1[2] is list2[2])  # False

小结：像list，set，dict有多层嵌套，深浅拷贝就区别明显了(如上图)

总结：
浅拷贝：只拷贝第一层；
深拷贝：拷贝嵌套层次中的所有可变类型；

three(tuple)

①

import copy

tuple1 = (1, 2, 3, 4)
tuple2 = copy.copy(tuple1)
print(id(tuple1), id(tuple2))
tuple3 = copy.deepcopy(tuple1)
print(id(tuple1), id(tuple3))

1329399241440 1329399241440
1329399241440 1329399241440

这个和str类似

②

import copy

tuple1 = (1, 2, 3,[1, 2, 3], 4)
tuple2 = copy.copy(tuple1)
print(id(tuple1), id(tuple2))

tuple3 = copy.deepcopy(tuple1)
print(id(tuple1), id(tuple3))

2076671695264 2076671695264
2076671695264 2076671695184

当元组中嵌套有可变类型时，深拷贝就会改变