Netty 粘包、拆包解决示例

Netty是一个高性能、异步事件驱动的NIO框架,它提供了对TCP、UDP和文件传输的支持,作为一个异步NIO框架,Netty的所有IO操作都是异步非阻塞的,通过Future-Listener机制,用户可以方便的主动获取或者通过通知机制获得IO操作结果。

作为当前最流行的NIO框架,Netty在互联网领域、大数据分布式计算领域、游戏行业、通信行业等获得了广泛的应用,一些业界著名的开源组件也基于Netty的NIO框架构建。


Netty示例

public class NettyServer {

    public void bind(int port) throws Exception {
        // 配置服务端的NIO线程组
        EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        try {
            ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap();
            b.group(bossGroup, workerGroup)
                    .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
                    .option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 1024)
                    .childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
                        @Override
                        protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
                            ch.pipeline().addLast(new NettyServerHandler());
                        }
                    });
            // 绑定端口,同步等待成功
            ChannelFuture f = b.bind(port).sync();

            // 等待服务端监听端口关闭
            f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
        } finally {
            // 优雅退出,释放线程池资源
            bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
            workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
        }
    }

    /**
     * @param args
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        int port = 8080;
        new NettyServer().bind(port);
    }
}
public class NettyServerHandler extends ChannelHandlerAdapter {

    @Override
    public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
        ByteBuf buf = (ByteBuf) msg;
        byte[] req = new byte[buf.readableBytes()];
        buf.readBytes(req);
        String body = new String(req, "UTF-8");
        System.out.println("The time server receive order : " + body);
        String currentTime = "heqing".equalsIgnoreCase(body) ? new java.util.Date(
                System.currentTimeMillis()).toString() : "BAD ORDER";
        ByteBuf resp = Unpooled.copiedBuffer(currentTime.getBytes());
        ctx.write(resp);
    }

    @Override
    public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
        ctx.flush();
    }

    @Override
    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) {
        ctx.close();
    }
}
public class NettyClient {

    public void connect(int port, String host) throws Exception {
        // 配置客户端NIO线程组
        EventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        try {
            Bootstrap b = new Bootstrap();
            b.group(group).channel(NioSocketChannel.class)
                    .option(ChannelOption.TCP_NODELAY, true)
                    .handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
                        @Override
                        public void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
                            ch.pipeline().addLast(new NettyClientHandler());
                        }
                    });

            // 发起异步连接操作
            ChannelFuture f = b.connect(host, port).sync();

            // 当代客户端链路关闭
            f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
        } finally {
            // 优雅退出,释放NIO线程组
            group.shutdownGracefully();
        }
    }

    /**
     * @param args
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        int port = 8080;
        new NettyClient().connect(port, "127.0.0.1");
    }
}
public class NettyClientHandler extends ChannelHandlerAdapter {

    private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(NettyClientHandler.class.getName());

    private final ByteBuf firstMessage;

    /**
     * Creates a client-side handler.
     */
    public NettyClientHandler() {
        byte[] req = "heqing".getBytes();
        firstMessage = Unpooled.buffer(req.length);
        firstMessage.writeBytes(req);
    }

    @Override
    public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) {
        ctx.writeAndFlush(firstMessage);
    }

    @Override
    public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg)
            throws Exception {
        ByteBuf buf = (ByteBuf) msg;
        byte[] req = new byte[buf.readableBytes()];
        buf.readBytes(req);
        String body = new String(req, "UTF-8");
        System.out.println("Now is : " + body);
    }

    @Override
    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) {
        // 释放资源
        logger.warning("Unexpected exception from downstream : "+ cause.getMessage());
        ctx.close();
    }
}

粘包、拆包

public class PacketServer {

    public void bind(int port) throws Exception {
        // 配置服务端的NIO线程组
        EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        try {
            ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap();
            b.group(bossGroup, workerGroup)
                    .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
                    .option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 1024)
                    .childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
                        protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
                            ch.pipeline().addLast(new LineBasedFrameDecoder(1024)); //解决粘包拆包
                            ch.pipeline().addLast(new StringDecoder());
                            ch.pipeline().addLast(new PacketServerHandler());
                        }
                    });
            // 绑定端口,同步等待成功
            ChannelFuture f = b.bind(port).sync();

            // 等待服务端监听端口关闭
            f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
        } finally {
            // 优雅退出,释放线程池资源
            bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
            workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
        }
    }

    /**
     * @param args
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        int port = 8080;
        new PacketServer().bind(port);
    }
}
public class PacketServerHandler extends ChannelHandlerAdapter {

    private int counter;

    @Override
    public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg)
            throws Exception {
        String body = (String) msg;
        System.out.println("The time server receive order : " + body
                + " ; the counter is : " + ++counter);
        String currentTime = "heqing".equalsIgnoreCase(body) ? new java.util.Date(
                System.currentTimeMillis()).toString() : "BAD ORDER";
        currentTime = currentTime + System.getProperty("line.separator");
        ByteBuf resp = Unpooled.copiedBuffer(currentTime.getBytes());
        ctx.writeAndFlush(resp);
    }

    @Override
    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) {
        ctx.close();
    }
}
public class PacketClient {

    public void connect(int port, String host) throws Exception {
        // 配置客户端NIO线程组
        EventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        try {
            Bootstrap b = new Bootstrap();
            b.group(group).channel(NioSocketChannel.class)
                    .option(ChannelOption.TCP_NODELAY, true)
                    .handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
                        @Override
                        public void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
                            ch.pipeline().addLast(new LineBasedFrameDecoder(1024)); //解决粘包拆包
                            ch.pipeline().addLast(new StringDecoder());
                            ch.pipeline().addLast(new PacketClientHandler());
                        }
                    });

            // 发起异步连接操作
            ChannelFuture f = b.connect(host, port).sync();

            // 当代客户端链路关闭
            f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
        } finally {
            // 优雅退出,释放NIO线程组
            group.shutdownGracefully();
        }
    }

    /**
     * @param args
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        int port = 8080;
        new PacketClient().connect(port, "127.0.0.1");
    }
}
public class PacketClientHandler extends ChannelHandlerAdapter {

    private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(PacketClientHandler.class.getName());
    private int counter;
    private byte[] req;

    public PacketClientHandler() {
        req = ("heqing" + System.getProperty("line.separator")).getBytes();
    }

    @Override
    public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) {
        ByteBuf message = null;
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            message = Unpooled.buffer(req.length);
            message.writeBytes(req);
            ctx.writeAndFlush(message);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg)
            throws Exception {
        String body = (String) msg;
        System.out.println("Now is : " + body + " ; the counter is : "+ ++counter);
    }

    @Override
    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) {
        // 释放资源
        logger.warning("Unexpected exception from downstream : "+ cause.getMessage());
        ctx.close();
    }
}

分隔符(DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder)

public class DelimiterServer {

    public void bind(int port) throws Exception {
        // 配置服务端的NIO线程组
        EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        try {
            ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap();
            b.group(bossGroup, workerGroup)
                .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
                .option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 100)
                .handler(new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.INFO))
                .childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
                    @Override
                    public void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
                        ByteBuf delimiter = Unpooled.copiedBuffer("$_".getBytes());
                        ch.pipeline().addLast(new DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder(1024,delimiter));
                        ch.pipeline().addLast(new StringDecoder());
                        ch.pipeline().addLast(new DelimiterServerHandler());
                    }
                });

            // 绑定端口,同步等待成功
            ChannelFuture f = b.bind(port).sync();

            // 等待服务端监听端口关闭
            f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
        } finally {
            // 优雅退出,释放线程池资源
            bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
            workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        int port = 8080;
        new DelimiterServer().bind(port);
    }
}
@Sharable
public class DelimiterServerHandler extends ChannelHandlerAdapter {

    int counter = 0;

    @Override
    public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
        String body = (String) msg;
        System.out.println("This is " + (++counter) + " times receive client : ["+ body + "]");
        body += "#_";
        ByteBuf echo = Unpooled.copiedBuffer(body.getBytes());
        ctx.writeAndFlush(echo);
    }

    @Override
    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) {
        cause.printStackTrace();
        ctx.close();// 发生异常,关闭链路
    }
}
public class DelimiterClient {

    public void connect(int port, String host) throws Exception {
        // 配置客户端NIO线程组
        EventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        try {
            Bootstrap b = new Bootstrap();
            b.group(group).channel(NioSocketChannel.class)
                    .option(ChannelOption.TCP_NODELAY, true)
                    .handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
                        @Override
                        public void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
                            ByteBuf delimiter = Unpooled.copiedBuffer("#_".getBytes());
                            ch.pipeline().addLast(new DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder(1024,delimiter));
                            ch.pipeline().addLast(new StringDecoder());
                            ch.pipeline().addLast(new DelimiterClientHandler());
                        }
                    });

            // 发起异步连接操作
            ChannelFuture f = b.connect(host, port).sync();

            // 当代客户端链路关闭
            f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
        } finally {
            // 优雅退出,释放NIO线程组
            group.shutdownGracefully();
        }
    }

    /**
     * @param args
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        int port = 8080;
        new DelimiterClient().connect(port, "127.0.0.1");
    }
}
public class DelimiterClientHandler extends ChannelHandlerAdapter {

    private int counter;

    static final String ECHO_REQ = "heqing.$_";

    @Override
    public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) {
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            ctx.writeAndFlush(Unpooled.copiedBuffer(ECHO_REQ.getBytes()));
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg)
            throws Exception {
        System.out.println("This is " + (++counter) + " times receive server : ["+ msg + "]");
    }

    @Override
    public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
        ctx.flush();
    }

    @Override
    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) {
        cause.printStackTrace();
        ctx.close();
    }
}

定长解码器(FixedLengthFrameDecoder)

public class FixedLenServer {
    public void bind(int port) throws Exception {
        // 配置服务端的NIO线程组
        EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        try {
            ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap();
            b.group(bossGroup, workerGroup)
                    .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
                    .option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 100)
                    .handler(new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.INFO))
                    .childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
                        @Override
                        public void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
                            ch.pipeline().addLast(new FixedLengthFrameDecoder(7));
                            ch.pipeline().addLast(new StringDecoder());
                            ch.pipeline().addLast(new FixedLenServerHandler());
                        }
                    });

            // 绑定端口,同步等待成功
            ChannelFuture f = b.bind(port).sync();

            // 等待服务端监听端口关闭
            f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
        } finally {
            // 优雅退出,释放线程池资源
            bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
            workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        int port = 8080;
        if (args != null && args.length > 0) {
            try {
                port = Integer.valueOf(args[0]);
            } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
                // 采用默认值
            }
        }
        new FixedLenServer().bind(port);
    }
}
@Sharable
public class FixedLenServerHandler extends ChannelHandlerAdapter {

    @Override
    public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("Receive client : [" + msg + "]");
        String body = "shanghai";
        ByteBuf echo = Unpooled.copiedBuffer(body.getBytes());
        ctx.writeAndFlush(echo);
    }

    @Override
    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) {
        cause.printStackTrace();
        ctx.close();// 发生异常,关闭链路
    }
}
public class FixedLenClient {

    public void connect(int port, String host) throws Exception {
        // 配置客户端NIO线程组
        EventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        try {
            Bootstrap b = new Bootstrap();
            b.group(group).channel(NioSocketChannel.class)
                    .option(ChannelOption.TCP_NODELAY, true)
                    .handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
                        @Override
                        public void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
                            ch.pipeline().addLast(new FixedLengthFrameDecoder(8));
                            ch.pipeline().addLast(new StringDecoder());
                            ch.pipeline().addLast(new FixedLenClientHandler());
                        }
                    });

            // 发起异步连接操作
            ChannelFuture f = b.connect(host, port).sync();

            // 当代客户端链路关闭
            f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
        } finally {
            // 优雅退出,释放NIO线程组
            group.shutdownGracefully();
        }
    }

    /**
     * @param args
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        int port = 8080;
        new FixedLenClient().connect(port, "127.0.0.1");
    }
}
public class FixedLenClientHandler extends ChannelHandlerAdapter {

    private int counter;

    static final String ECHO_REQ = "heqing.";

    @Override
    public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) {
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            ctx.writeAndFlush(Unpooled.copiedBuffer(ECHO_REQ.getBytes()));
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg)
            throws Exception {
        System.out.println("This is " + (++counter) + " times receive server : ["+ msg + "]");
    }

    @Override
    public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
        ctx.flush();
    }

    @Override
    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) {
        cause.printStackTrace();
        ctx.close();
    }
}
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