spring boot 入门篇

最新推荐文章于 2024-10-01 18:51:18 发布

hqitboy

最新推荐文章于 2024-10-01 18:51:18 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/hqabc/article/details/103824714

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1. spring boot 入门

1.1 spring boot 简介

Spring Boot是由Pivotal团队提供的全新框架，其设计目的是用来简化Spring应用初始搭建以及开发过程。该框架使用了特定的方式来进行配置，从而使开发人员不再需要定义样板化的配置。Spring Boot其实就是一个整合很多可插拔的组件（框架），内嵌了使用工具（比如内嵌了Tomcat、Jetty等），方便开发人员快速搭建和开发的一个框架。

Spring Boot特点：

搭建项目快，几秒钟就可以搭建完成；
让测试变的简单，内置了JUnit、Spring Boot Test等多种测试框架，方便测试；
Spring Boot让配置变的简单，Spring Boot的核心理念：约定大约配置，约定了某种命名规范，可以不用配置，就可以完成功能开发，比如模型和表名一致就可以不用配置，直接进行CRUD（增删改查）的操作，只有表名和模型不一致的时候，配置名称即可；
内嵌容器，省去了配置Tomcat的繁琐；
方便监控，使用Spring Boot Actuator组件提供了应用的系统监控，可以查看应用配置的详细信息；

1.2 spring boot 工程创建

new project ,使用spring Initializr 创建spring boot 工程
填写包名、项目根目录名称
勾选web项
填写项目名称

1.3 hello world 示例

在SpringBootHelloApplication同级目录下新增Controller目录，新增一个Controller类

package com.hq.springboothello.Controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;

@Controller
public class HelloWorld {

    @RequestMapping("/helloWorld")
    @ResponseBody
    public String test(){
        return "hello world！";
    }
}

运行SpringBootHelloApplication中的main方法，启动项目

package com.hq.springboothello;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringBootHelloApplication {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(SpringBootHelloApplication.class, args);
	}

}

浏览器输入http://localhost:8080/helloWorld访问
使用package打包项目

打成的jar包可以用java -jar命令直接运行

1.4 pom文件探究

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<parent>
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
		<version>2.2.2.RELEASE</version>
		<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
	</parent>
	<groupId>com.hq</groupId>
	<artifactId>spring-boot-hello</artifactId>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	<name>spring-boot-hello</name>
	<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

	<properties>
		<java.version>1.8</java.version>
	</properties>

	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
			<scope>test</scope>
			<exclusions>
				<exclusion>
					<groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
					<artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
				</exclusion>
			</exclusions>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>

	<build>
		<plugins>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>
	</build>

</project>

1.4.1 父项目

<parent>
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
		<version>2.2.2.RELEASE</version>
		<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>

点进去的父项目是：
<parent>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
    <version>2.2.2.RELEASE</version>
    <relativePath>../../spring-boot-dependencies</relativePath>
  </parent>

父项目dependencies里的properties定义了依赖，以后我们导入依赖默认是不需要写版本，如果dependencies里没有管理你需要的依赖，则需要写上版本号。

<properties>
    <activemq.version>5.15.11</activemq.version>
    <antlr2.version>2.7.7</antlr2.version>
    <appengine-sdk.version>1.9.77</appengine-sdk.version>
    <artemis.version>2.10.1</artemis.version>
    <aspectj.version>1.9.5</aspectj.version>
    <assertj.version>3.13.2</assertj.version>
    <atomikos.version>4.0.6</atomikos.version>
    <awaitility.version>4.0.1</awaitility.version>
    <bitronix.version>2.1.4</bitronix.version>
    <build-helper-maven-plugin.version>3.0.0</build-helper-maven-plugin.version>
    <byte-buddy.version>1.10.4</byte-buddy.version>
    <caffeine.version>2.8.0</caffeine.version>
    <cassandra-driver.version>3.7.2</cassandra-driver.version>
    <classmate.version>1.5.1</classmate.version>
    <commons-codec.version>1.13</commons-codec.version>
    <commons-dbcp2.version>2.7.0</commons-dbcp2.version>
    <commons-lang3.version>3.9</commons-lang3.version>
    <commons-pool.version>1.6</commons-pool.version>
    <commons-pool2.version>2.7.0</commons-pool2.version>
    <couchbase-cache-client.version>2.1.0</couchbase-cache-client.version>
    <couchbase-client.version>2.7.11</couchbase-client.version>
    <db2-jdbc.version>11.5.0.0</db2-jdbc.version>
    <dependency-management-plugin.version>1.0.8.RELEASE</dependency-management-plugin.version>
    <derby.version>10.14.2.0</derby.version>
    <dropwizard-metrics.version>4.1.1</dropwizard-metrics.version>
    <ehcache.version>2.10.6</ehcache.version>
    <ehcache3.version>3.8.1</ehcache3.version>
    <elasticsearch.version>6.8.5</elasticsearch.version>
    <embedded-mongo.version>2.2.0</embedded-mongo.version>
    <exec-maven-plugin.version>1.6.0</exec-maven-plugin.version>
    <flatten-maven-plugin.version>1.1.0</flatten-maven-plugin.version>
    <flyway.version>6.0.8</flyway.version>
    <freemarker.version>2.3.29</freemarker.version>
    <git-commit-id-plugin.version>3.0.1</git-commit-id-plugin.version>
    <glassfish-el.version>3.0.3</glassfish-el.version>
    <glassfish-jaxb.version>2.3.2</glassfish-jaxb.version>
    <groovy.version>2.5.8</groovy.version>
    <gson.version>2.8.6</gson.version>
    <h2.version>1.4.200</h2.version>
    <hamcrest.version>2.1</hamcrest.version>
    <hazelcast.version>3.12.4</hazelcast.version>
    <hazelcast-hibernate5.version>1.3.2</hazelcast-hibernate5.version>
    <hibernate.version>5.4.9.Final</hibernate.version>
    <hibernate-validator.version>6.0.18.Final</hibernate-validator.version>
    <hikaricp.version>3.4.1</hikaricp.version>
    <hsqldb.version>2.5.0</hsqldb.version>
    <htmlunit.version>2.36.0</htmlunit.version>
    <httpasyncclient.version>4.1.4</httpasyncclient.version>
    <httpclient.version>4.5.10</httpclient.version>
    <httpcore.version>4.4.12</httpcore.version>
    <infinispan.version>9.4.16.Final</infinispan.version>
    <influxdb-java.version>2.15</influxdb-java.version>
    <jackson.version>2.10.1</jackson.version>
    <jackson-bom.version>${jackson.version}</jackson-bom.version>
    <jakarta-activation.version>1.2.1</jakarta-activation.version>
    <jakarta-annotation.version>1.3.5</jakarta-annotation.version>
    <jakarta-jms.version>2.0.3</jakarta-jms.version>
    <jakarta-json.version>1.1.6</jakarta-json.version>
    <jakarta-json-bind.version>1.0.2</jakarta-json-bind.version>
    <jakarta-mail.version>1.6.4</jakarta-mail.version>
    <jakarta-persistence.version>2.2.3</jakarta-persistence.version>
    <jakarta-servlet.version>4.0.3</jakarta-servlet.version>
    <jakarta-servlet-jsp.version>2.3.5</jakarta-servlet-jsp.version>
    <jakarta-servlet-jsp-jstl.version>1.2.7</jakarta-servlet-jsp-jstl.version>
    <jakarta-transaction.version>1.3.3</jakarta-transaction.version>
    <jakarta-validation.version>2.0.1</jakarta-validation.version>
    <jakarta-websocket.version>1.1.2</jakarta-websocket.version>
    <jakarta-ws-rs.version>2.1.6</jakarta-ws-rs.version>
    <jakarta-xml-bind.version>2.3.2</jakarta-xml-bind.version>
    <jakarta-xml-ws.version>2.3.2</jakarta-xml-ws.version>
    <janino.version>3.1.0</janino.version>
    <javax-activation.version>1.2.0</javax-activation.version>
    <javax-annotation.version>1.3.2</javax-annotation.version>
    <javax-cache.version>1.1.1</javax-cache.version>
    <javax-jaxb.version>2.3.1</javax-jaxb.version>
    <javax-jaxws.version>2.3.1</javax-jaxws.version>
    <javax-jms.version>2.0.1</javax-jms.version>
    <javax-json.version>1.1.4</javax-json.version>
    <javax-jsonb.version>1.0</javax-jsonb.version>
    <javax-mail.version>1.6.2</javax-mail.version>
    <javax-money.version>1.0.3</javax-money.version>
    <javax-persistence.version>2.2</javax-persistence.version>
    <javax-transaction.version>1.3</javax-transaction.version>
    <javax-validation.version>2.0.1.Final</javax-validation.version>
    <javax-websocket.version>1.1</javax-websocket.version>
    <jaxen.version>1.2.0</jaxen.version>
    <jaybird.version>3.0.8</jaybird.version>
    <jboss-logging.version>3.4.1.Final</jboss-logging.version>
    <jboss-transaction-spi.version>7.6.0.Final</jboss-transaction-spi.version>
    <jdom2.version>2.0.6</jdom2.version>
    <jedis.version>3.1.0</jedis.version>
    <jersey.version>2.29.1</jersey.version>
    <jest.version>6.3.1</jest.version>
    <jetty.version>9.4.24.v20191120</jetty.version>
    <jetty-el.version>8.5.49</jetty-el.version>
    <jetty-jsp.version>2.2.0.v201112011158</jetty-jsp.version>
    <jetty-reactive-httpclient.version>1.0.3</jetty-reactive-httpclient.version>
    <jmustache.version>1.15</jmustache.version>
    <jna.version>4.5.2</jna.version>
    <joda-time.version>2.10.5</joda-time.version>
    <johnzon.version>${johnzon-jsonb.version}</johnzon.version>
    <johnzon-jsonb.version>1.2.2</johnzon-jsonb.version>
    <jolokia.version>1.6.2</jolokia.version>
    <jooq.version>3.12.3</jooq.version>
    <jsonassert.version>1.5.0</jsonassert.version>
    <json-path.version>2.4.0</json-path.version>
    <jstl.version>1.2</jstl.version>
    <jtds.version>1.3.1</jtds.version>
    <junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
    <junit-jupiter.version>5.5.2</junit-jupiter.version>
    <kafka.version>2.3.1</kafka.version>
    <kotlin.version>1.3.61</kotlin.version>
    <kotlin-coroutines.version>1.3.2</kotlin-coroutines.version>
    <lettuce.version>5.2.1.RELEASE</lettuce.version>
    <liquibase.version>3.8.2</liquibase.version>
    <log4j2.version>2.12.1</log4j2.version>
    <logback.version>1.2.3</logback.version>
    <lombok.version>1.18.10</lombok.version>
    <mariadb.version>2.4.4</mariadb.version>
    <maven-antrun-plugin.version>1.8</maven-antrun-plugin.version>
    <maven-assembly-plugin.version>3.1.1</maven-assembly-plugin.version>
    <maven-clean-plugin.version>3.1.0</maven-clean-plugin.version>
    <maven-compiler-plugin.version>3.8.1</maven-compiler-plugin.version>
    <maven-dependency-plugin.version>3.1.1</maven-dependency-plugin.version>
    <maven-deploy-plugin.version>2.8.2</maven-deploy-plugin.version>
    <maven-enforcer-plugin.version>3.0.0-M3</maven-enforcer-plugin.version>
    <maven-failsafe-plugin.version>2.22.2</maven-failsafe-plugin.version>
    <maven-help-plugin.version>3.2.0</maven-help-plugin.version>
    <maven-install-plugin.version>2.5.2</maven-install-plugin.version>
    <maven-invoker-plugin.version>3.2.1</maven-invoker-plugin.version>
    <maven-jar-plugin.version>3.1.2</maven-jar-plugin.version>
    <maven-javadoc-plugin.version>3.1.1</maven-javadoc-plugin.version>
    <maven-resources-plugin.version>3.1.0</maven-resources-plugin.version>
    <maven-shade-plugin.version>3.2.1</maven-shade-plugin.version>
    <maven-site-plugin.version>3.8.2</maven-site-plugin.version>
    <maven-source-plugin.version>3.1.0</maven-source-plugin.version>
    <maven-surefire-plugin.version>2.22.2</maven-surefire-plugin.version>
    <maven-war-plugin.version>3.2.3</maven-war-plugin.version>
    <micrometer.version>1.3.1</micrometer.version>
    <mimepull.version>1.9.12</mimepull.version>
    <mockito.version>3.1.0</mockito.version>
    <mongodb.version>3.11.2</mongodb.version>
    <mongo-driver-reactivestreams.version>1.12.0</mongo-driver-reactivestreams.version>
    <mssql-jdbc.version>7.4.1.jre8</mssql-jdbc.version>
    <mysql.version>8.0.18</mysql.version>
    <nekohtml.version>1.9.22</nekohtml.version>
    <neo4j-ogm.version>3.2.3</neo4j-ogm.version>
    <netty.version>4.1.43.Final</netty.version>
    <netty-tcnative.version>2.0.28.Final</netty-tcnative.version>
    <nio-multipart-parser.version>1.1.0</nio-multipart-parser.version>
    <ojdbc.version>19.3.0.0</ojdbc.version>
    <okhttp3.version>3.14.4</okhttp3.version>
    <pooled-jms.version>1.0.6</pooled-jms.version>
    <postgresql.version>42.2.8</postgresql.version>
    <prometheus-pushgateway.version>0.7.0</prometheus-pushgateway.version>
    <quartz.version>2.3.2</quartz.version>
    <querydsl.version>4.2.2</querydsl.version>
    <rabbit-amqp-client.version>5.7.3</rabbit-amqp-client.version>
    <reactive-streams.version>1.0.3</reactive-streams.version>
    <reactor-bom.version>Dysprosium-SR2</reactor-bom.version>
    <rest-assured.version>3.3.0</rest-assured.version>
    <rsocket.version>1.0.0-RC5</rsocket.version>
    <rxjava.version>1.3.8</rxjava.version>
    <rxjava2.version>2.2.15</rxjava2.version>
    <rxjava-adapter.version>1.2.1</rxjava-adapter.version>
    <saaj-impl.version>1.5.1</saaj-impl.version>
    <selenium.version>3.141.59</selenium.version>
    <selenium-htmlunit.version>2.36.0</selenium-htmlunit.version>
    <sendgrid.version>4.4.1</sendgrid.version>
    <servlet-api.version>4.0.1</servlet-api.version>
    <slf4j.version>1.7.29</slf4j.version>
    <snakeyaml.version>1.25</snakeyaml.version>
    <solr.version>8.2.0</solr.version>
    <spring-amqp.version>2.2.2.RELEASE</spring-amqp.version>
    <spring-batch.version>4.2.1.RELEASE</spring-batch.version>
    <spring-cloud-connectors.version>2.0.7.RELEASE</spring-cloud-connectors.version>
    <spring-data-releasetrain.version>Moore-SR3</spring-data-releasetrain.version>
    <spring-framework.version>5.2.2.RELEASE</spring-framework.version>
    <spring-hateoas.version>1.0.2.RELEASE</spring-hateoas.version>
    <spring-integration.version>5.2.2.RELEASE</spring-integration.version>
    <spring-kafka.version>2.3.4.RELEASE</spring-kafka.version>
    <spring-ldap.version>2.3.2.RELEASE</spring-ldap.version>
    <spring-restdocs.version>2.0.4.RELEASE</spring-restdocs.version>
    <spring-retry.version>1.2.4.RELEASE</spring-retry.version>
    <spring-security.version>5.2.1.RELEASE</spring-security.version>
    <spring-session-bom.version>Corn-RELEASE</spring-session-bom.version>
    <spring-ws.version>3.0.8.RELEASE</spring-ws.version>
    <sqlite-jdbc.version>3.28.0</sqlite-jdbc.version>
    <sun-mail.version>${jakarta-mail.version}</sun-mail.version>
    <thymeleaf.version>3.0.11.RELEASE</thymeleaf.version>
    <thymeleaf-extras-data-attribute.version>2.0.1</thymeleaf-extras-data-attribute.version>
    <thymeleaf-extras-java8time.version>3.0.4.RELEASE</thymeleaf-extras-java8time.version>
    <thymeleaf-extras-springsecurity.version>3.0.4.RELEASE</thymeleaf-extras-springsecurity.version>
    <thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version>2.4.1</thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version>
    <tomcat.version>9.0.29</tomcat.version>
    <unboundid-ldapsdk.version>4.0.13</unboundid-ldapsdk.version>
    <undertow.version>2.0.28.Final</undertow.version>
    <versions-maven-plugin.version>2.7</versions-maven-plugin.version>
    <webjars-hal-browser.version>3325375</webjars-hal-browser.version>
    <webjars-locator-core.version>0.41</webjars-locator-core.version>
    <wsdl4j.version>1.6.3</wsdl4j.version>
    <xml-maven-plugin.version>1.0.2</xml-maven-plugin.version>
    <xmlunit2.version>2.6.3</xmlunit2.version>
  </properties>

1.4.2 启动器

<dependency>
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>

spring-boot-starter-web:

spring-boot-starter: spring boot 场景启动器，帮我们导入了web模块正常启动所依赖的组件；
spring boot 将所有的功能场景都抽取出来，做成一个个starter（启动器），只需要在下项目里引入这些starter相关场景的所有依赖就会自动导入进来，需要什么功能就导入什么场景的启动器；

1.5 主程序类

package com.hq.springboothello;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringBootHelloApplication {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(SpringBootHelloApplication.class, args);
	}

}

@SpringBootApplication: 该注解标注主程序类，说明该类是spring boot的主程序类，spring boot运行该类的main方法来启动spring boot的应用。

@Target({ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@SpringBootConfiguration
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@ComponentScan(
    excludeFilters = {@Filter(
    type = FilterType.CUSTOM,
    classes = {TypeExcludeFilter.class}
), @Filter(
    type = FilterType.CUSTOM,
    classes = {AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class}
)}
)
public @interface SpringBootApplication {

@SpringBootConfiguration : spring boot的配置类，标注在某个类上，标注该类是spring boot的一个配置类

@Configuration: spring 的注解，标注该类为配置类

@Target({ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Configuration
public @interface SpringBootConfiguration {
    @AliasFor(
        annotation = Configuration.class
    )
    boolean proxyBeanMethods() default true;
}

@EnableAutoConfiguration: 该注解是开启自动配置功能，自动配置才能生效

1.6 spring boot 项目结构

默认生成的spring boot 目录：
在这里插入图片描述

resources文件夹中的目录结构
- static：保存所有的静态资源，js、css、 images等；
- templates：保存所有的模板页面（spring boot 默认jar包使用嵌入式的tomcat,默认不支持jsp页面），可以使用模板引擎（freemarker、thymeleaf）；
- application.properties：spring boot 应用的配置文件，可以修改一些默认配置；