machine learning
The elements of statistical machine learning
Artificial Intelligence: a modern approach
Andrew Ng's course
Koller's Graphical Models
Tom's ML book
http://machinelearningmastery.com/best-machine-learning-resources-for-getting-started/
Information retrieval
stanford's IR book
NLP
stanford's book
data mining:
introduction to data mining
Data Science for Business: What you need to know about data mining and data-analytic thinking [Paperback]