socket编程之addrinfo结构体与getaddrinfo函数

addrinfo结构体的定义如下：

• struct addrinfo {
•      int ai_flags;/* customize behavior*/
•      int ai_family;/* address family*/
•      int ai_socktype;/* socket type*/
•      int ai_protocol;/* protocol*/
•      socklen_t ai_addrlen;/* lengthin bytes of address*/
•      struct sockaddr *ai_addr;/* address*/
•      char *ai_canonname;/* canonical name of host*/
•      struct addrinfo *ai_next;/*nextin list*/
•      .
•      .
•      .
•    };
• ai_family指定了地址族，可取值如下： 

• AF_INET          2            IPv4 

• AF_INET6        23            IPv6 

• AF_UNSPEC        0            协议无关

ai_socktype指定我套接字的类型 

SOCK_STREAM        1            流 

SOCK_DGRAM        2            数据报

在AF_INET通信域中套接字类型SOCK_STREAM的默认协议是TCP（传输控制协议）

在AF_INET通信域中套接字类型SOCK_DGRAM的默认协议是UDP（用户数据报协议）

ai_protocol指定协议类型。可取的值取决于ai_address和ai_socktype的值

ai_flags指定了如何来处理地址和名字,可取值如下：

getaddrinfo函数 定义及需要的头文件如下：

• #include <sys/socket.h>
• #include <netdb.h>
• int getaddrinfo(const char*restrict host,
•                 const char*restrict service,
•                 const struct addrinfo*restrict hint,
•                 struct addrinfo **restrict res);
• Returns: 0if OK, nonzeroerror codeonerror
• void freeaddrinfo(struct addrinfo*ai);

getaddrinfo函数允许将一个主机名字和服务名字映射到一个地址。

使用示例如下：

• #include<stdio.h>
• #include<stdlib.h>
• #include <netdb.h>
• #include <arpa/inet.h>
• void
• print_family(struct addrinfo*aip)
• {
•     printf(" family ");
•     switch (aip->ai_family){
•     case AF_INET:
•         printf("inet");
•         break;
•     case AF_INET6:
•         printf("inet6");
•         break;
•     case AF_UNIX:
•         printf("unix");
•         break;
•     case AF_UNSPEC:
•         printf("unspecified");
•         break;
•     default:
•         printf("unknown");
•     }
• }
• void
• print_type(struct addrinfo*aip)
• {
•     printf(" type ");
•     switch (aip->ai_socktype){
•     case SOCK_STREAM:
•         printf("stream");
•         break;
•     case SOCK_DGRAM:
•         printf("datagram");
•         break;
•     case SOCK_SEQPACKET:
•         printf("seqpacket");
•         break;
•     case SOCK_RAW:
•         printf("raw");
•         break;
•     default:
•         printf("unknown (%d)", aip->ai_socktype);
•     }
• }
• void
• print_protocol(struct addrinfo*aip)
• {
•     printf(" protocol ");
•     switch (aip->ai_protocol){
•     case 0:
•         printf("default");
•         break;
•     case IPPROTO_TCP:
•         printf("TCP");
•         break;
•     case IPPROTO_UDP:
•         printf("UDP");
•         break;
•     case IPPROTO_RAW:
•         printf("raw");
•         break;
•     default:
•         printf("unknown (%d)", aip->ai_protocol);
•     }
• }
• void
• print_flags(struct addrinfo*aip)
• {
•     printf("flags");
•     if(aip->ai_flags== 0){
•         printf(" 0");
•     }else{
•         if(aip->ai_flags& AI_PASSIVE)
•             printf(" passive");
•         if(aip->ai_flags& AI_CANONNAME)
•             printf(" canon");
•         if(aip->ai_flags& AI_NUMERICHOST)
•             printf(" numhost");
• #if defined(AI_NUMERICSERV)
•         if(aip->ai_flags& AI_NUMERICSERV)
•             printf(" numserv");
• #endif
• #if defined(AI_V4MAPPED)
•         if(aip->ai_flags& AI_V4MAPPED)
•             printf(" v4mapped");
• #endif
• #if defined(AI_ALL)
•         if(aip->ai_flags& AI_ALL)
•             printf(" all");
• #endif
•     }
• }
• int
• main(int argc, char*argv[])
• {
•     struct addrinfo        *ailist,*aip;
•     struct addrinfo        hint;
•     struct sockaddr_in    *sinp;
•     const char             *addr;
•     int                 err;
•     char                 abuf[INET_ADDRSTRLEN];
•     if(argc!= 3)
•         printf("usage: %s nodename service", argv[0]);
•     hint.ai_flags= AI_CANONNAME;
•     hint.ai_family= 0;
•     hint.ai_socktype= 0;
•     hint.ai_protocol= 0;
•     hint.ai_addrlen= 0;
•     hint.ai_canonname=NULL;
•     hint.ai_addr=NULL;
•     hint.ai_next=NULL;
•     if((err= getaddrinfo(argv[1], argv[2],&hint,&ailist))!= 0)
•         printf("getaddrinfo error: %s", gai_strerror(err));
•     for(aip= ailist; aip!=NULL; aip= aip->ai_next){
•         print_flags(aip);
•         print_family(aip);
•         print_type(aip);
•         print_protocol(aip);
•         printf("\n\thost %s", aip->ai_canonname?aip->ai_canonname:"-");
•         if(aip->ai_family== AF_INET){
•             sinp =(struct sockaddr_in*)aip->ai_addr;
•             addr = inet_ntop(AF_INET,&sinp->sin_addr, abuf,INET_ADDRSTRLEN);
•             printf(" address %s", addr?addr:"unknown");
•             printf(" port %d", ntohs(sinp->sin_port));
•         }
•         printf("\n");
•     }
•     exit(0);
• }

代码说明：sinp = (struct sockaddr_in *)aip->ai_addr;会将struct sockaddr 变量强制转化为struct sockaddr_in 类型

inet_ntop函数用于在二进制格式与点分十进制格式表示（a.b.c.d）之间进行转换

执行结果：#./a X86-PC nfs

• root@X86-PC:/home/cheney/work-link/linux_C_Test/linux-program/fig16# ./a X86-PC nfs
• flags canon family inet type stream protocol TCP
• host X86-PC address 127.0.1.1 port 2049
• flags canon family inet type datagram protocol UDP
• host - address 127.0.1.1 port 2049
• root@X86-PC:/home/cheney/work-link/linux_C_Test/linux-program/fig16#