网络参数设置

查看IP地址

[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig 
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.140.130  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.140.255
        inet6 fe80::ccf:adf:b0a0:37b7  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:8f:c3:68  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 1236  bytes 106616 (104.1 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 741  bytes 110013 (107.4 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
        loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 4  bytes 352 (352.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 4  bytes 352 (352.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

• ens33
  • 物理网卡，用于和其他主机通信
• lo
  • 本地回环网卡，用于主机自己通信

[root@localhost ~]# ip a 
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:8f:c3:68 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.140.130/24 brd 192.168.140.255 scope global noprefixroute dynamic ens33
       valid_lft 1163sec preferred_lft 1163sec
    inet6 fe80::ccf:adf:b0a0:37b7/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

查看网关

[root@localhost ~]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
0.0.0.0         192.168.140.2   0.0.0.0         UG    100    0        0 ens33
192.168.140.0   0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     100    0        0 ens33

查看DNS服务器地址

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/resolv.conf 
# Generated by NetworkManager
search localdomain
nameserver 192.168.140.2

配置Linux主机的网卡

方法一：修改网卡的配置文件

配置文件路径：

• /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-网卡名称

网卡获取IP的方式：

• 自动获取
  • 由DHCP服务器分配IP
  • 适用于员工主机
• 手动配置

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
TYPE=Ethernet            指定网卡类型为以太网
BOOTPROTO=none           指定手动配置IP
IPADDR=192.168.140.130
PREFIX=24
GATEWAY=192.168.140.2
DNS1=223.5.5.5
DNS2=223.6.6.6
NAME=ens33               指定网卡的配置名，建议与网卡名一致
DEVICE=ens33            指定网卡名称
ONBOOT=yes              网卡开机自动激活


[root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection reload 
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection up ens33
Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/5)

方法二：nmcli命令

1、查看、删除网卡的配置

[root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection show 
NAME                UUID                                  TYPE      DEVICE 
ens33               c96bc909-188e-ec64-3a96-6a90982b08ad  ethernet  ens33  
Wired connection 1  c49154f1-eefc-32ec-825e-ae4a33ea6904  ethernet  ens38  

[root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection delete c49154f1-eefc-32ec-825e-ae4a33ea6904 
Connection 'Wired connection 1' (c49154f1-eefc-32ec-825e-ae4a33ea6904) successfully deleted.

[root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection show 
NAME   UUID                                  TYPE      DEVICE 
ens33  c96bc909-188e-ec64-3a96-6a90982b08ad  ethernet  ens33  

2、创建网卡配置

[root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection add type ethernet ifname ens38 con-name ens38
Connection 'ens38' (1bbbc042-9cb3-4efe-8e18-778b0ccf6174) successfully added.

[root@localhost ~]# ls /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
ifcfg-ens33  ifdown-bnep  ifdown-isdn    ifdown-sit       ifup          ifup-ippp  ifup-plusb   ifup-sit       ifup-wireless
ifcfg-ens38  ifdown-eth   ifdown-post    ifdown-Team      ifup-aliases  ifup-ipv6  ifup-post    ifup-Team      init.ipv6-global
ifcfg-lo     ifdown-ippp  ifdown-ppp     ifdown-TeamPort  ifup-bnep     ifup-isdn  ifup-ppp     ifup-TeamPort  network-functions
ifdown       ifdown-ipv6  ifdown-routes  ifdown-tunnel    ifup-eth      ifup-plip  ifup-routes  ifup-tunnel    network-functions-ipv6

 3、配置网络参数

[root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection modify ens38 ipv4.addresses "192.168.140.131/24"
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection modify ens38 ipv4.gateway "192.168.140.2"
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection modify ens38 ipv4.dns "8.8.8.8"
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection modify ens38 +ipv4.dns "4.4.4.4"

 4、指定网卡为手动配置

[root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection modify ens38 ipv4.method manual  

5、激活网卡

[root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection reload 
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection up ens38