Python学习笔记Day3

Python学习笔记Day3

元组 tuple

创建元组

tup1 = () #创建空的元组
tup2 = (50) #<class 'int'>
tup3 = (50,)#<class 'tuple'>
print(type(tup3))

打印元组方式

tup4 = ("abc","def",2000,2000)
print(tup4[0])
print(tup4[-1])
print(tup4[1:5])

增（连接）不能直接对元组增

tupadd = (1,2,3)
#不能直接改
#tupadd[0] = 100 #TypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment
tuptemp = (4,5,6)
tup = tuptemp+tupadd
print(tup)

删除 del

tuptemp = (4,5,6)
del tuptemp #删除了整个元组变量

字典 键值对

定义方式

info = {"name":"nike","age":18}

字典打印

print(info["name"])
print(info["age"])
#print(info["gender"]) #直接会报错
print(info.get("gender","m"))#没找到设置默认返回None 此语句返回m

增

info = {"name":"nike","age":18}
info["id"] = 20
print(info)

删

#删 del clear
#del info["name"]  #直接删除键值对
#info.clear() #清空

改

#info["age"] = 20

查

print(info.keys())
print(info.values())
print(info.items()) #得到的所有的项（列表），每个键值是一个元组

遍历

for key in info.keys():
    print(key)
#遍历所有的键值对
for key,value in info.items():
    print("key=%s,value=%s"%(key,value))
#使用枚举函数同时拿到下标和内容
mylist = ["a","b","c","d"]
print(enumerate(mylist))
for i ,x in enumerate(mylist):
    print(i,x)

函数

函数定义方式

def printinfo():
    print("人生苦短，我用Python")

带参数的函数

def addTwoNum(a,b):
    c = a+b
    return c
print(addTwoNum(1,2))

返回多个参数

def divid(a,b):
    shang = a/b
    yushu = a%b
    return shang,yushu
sh,yu = divid(5,2) #接收

文件操作

f = open("test.txt","w") #写模式 常用：r w rb wb
f.write("hello") #写入到文件
f.close() #关闭文件
f = open("test.txt","r")
content = f.read(3) #读3个字符
content = f.readlines() #读多行，以列表的形式存储
print(content)

异常

try:       #捕获异常
    print("first")
    f = open("tes.txt")
    print("second")
except Exception as result:
    print(result)
finally:
    print("over")