一、JFreeChart的介绍与获取
JFreeChart开发包是一个开源的Java图形开发包,它从柱形图,饼形图,到雷达图,蜡烛图等等无所不包,可以在c/s,b/s,甚至是实时环境都能一显身手。
当前的JFreeChart的最新版本为jfreechart-1.0.0-rc1.zip。可以到http://www.jfree.org/jfreechart/ind...ath环境变量中。
二、JFreeChart配置安装
1 、解压jfreechart-1.0.1.zip.zip到指定位置,其中source是jfreechart的源码,jfreechart-1.0.1-demo.jar 是例子程序,可以先运行一下看看各种效果,就知道他的nb之处了。
2 、为了配置成功,我们需要关注的文件有如下三个:
设置classpath。加入下面三个jar包。
jfreechart-1.0.1.jar 、jcommon-1.0.0.jar、gnujaxp.jar
加上第三个jar包有时web.xml会报错,把它去掉就好了。
至此jfreechart的配置就完成了,下面就可以进行jfreechart的开发了。这里值得提出的是jfreechart的类
结构设计前后兼容性不是很好,不同版本的jfreechart中类库结构可能不一样,有时候可能需要查源码。如果是中文显示的时候可能依据观感需要改变源码的字体。
三、JFreeChart的基本使用
不论创建的是什么图,JFreeChart都遵循以下的这个使用步骤:
1、建立Dataset。所有的数据都存放在Dataset中的。(创建一个数据源(dataset)来包含将要在图形中显示的数据)
2、建立JFreeChart。将dataset中的数据导入到JFreeChart中。(创建一个 JFreeChart 对象来代表要显示的图形 )
3、设置JFreeChart的显示属性。这一步可以省略,使用默认的JFreeChart显示属性。
3、渲染图表。即生成图片。
4、页面图片显示。
重要的类和接口:
org.jfree.data.general.Dataset 所有数据源类都要实现的接口
org.jfree.chart.ChartFactory 由它来产生 JFreeChart 对象
org.jfree.chart.JFreeChart 所有对图形的调整都是通过它噢!!
org.jfree.chart.plot.Plot 通过JFreeChart 对象获得它,然后再通过它对图形外部部分(例:坐标轴)调整
注意:它有很多子类,一般都下涉及到它的子类!
org.jfree.chart.renderer.AbstractRenderer 通过JFreeChart 对象获得它,然后再通过它对图形内部部分(例:折线的类型)调整。同样,针对不同类型的报表图,它有着不同的子类实现!在下面我们简称它为 Renderer
四、JFreeChart使用的具体例子
在web应用中的例子
/*
* 创建日期 2006-8-1
* @author:hong
* FileName:LineXYChart.java
*/
package com.hong.bean;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Font;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.text.NumberFormat;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import org.jfree.chart.ChartFactory;
import org.jfree.chart.ChartRenderingInfo;
import org.jfree.chart.ChartUtilities;
import org.jfree.chart.JFreeChart;
import org.jfree.chart.axis.DateAxis;
import org.jfree.chart.axis.NumberAxis;
import org.jfree.chart.entity.StandardEntityCollection;
import org.jfree.chart.labels.StandardXYToolTipGenerator;
import org.jfree.chart.plot.XYPlot;
import org.jfree.chart.renderer.xy.XYItemRenderer;
import org.jfree.chart.renderer.xy.XYLineAndShapeRenderer;
import org.jfree.chart.servlet.ServletUtilities;
import org.jfree.chart.title.TextTitle;
import org.jfree.data.time.Day;
import org.jfree.data.time.TimeSeries;
import org.jfree.data.time.TimeSeriesCollection;
import org.jfree.data.xy.XYDataset;
import org.jfree.ui.RectangleInsets;
/**
* @author hong 曲线图的绘制
*/
public class LineXYChart
{
/**
* 返回生成图片的文件名
* @param session
* @param pw
* @return 生成图片的文件名
*/
public String getLineXYChart(HttpSession session, PrintWriter pw)
{
XYDataset dataset = this.createDateSet();//建立数据集
String fileName = null;
//建立JFreeChart
JFreeChart chart = ChartFactory.createTimeSeriesChart(
"JFreeChart时间曲线序列图", // title
"Date", // x-axis label
"Price", // y-axis label
dataset, // data
true, // create legend?
true, // generate tooltips?
false // generate URLs?
);
//设置JFreeChart的显示属性,对图形外部部分进行调整
chart.setBackgroundPaint(Color.red);//设置曲线图背景色
//设置字体大小,形状
Font font = new Font("宋体", Font.BOLD, 16);
TextTitle title = new TextTitle("JFreeChart时间曲线序列图", font);
chart.setTitle(title);
XYPlot plot = (XYPlot) chart.getPlot();//获取图形的画布
plot.setBackgroundPaint(Color.lightGray);//设置网格背景色
plot.setDomainGridlinePaint(Color.green);//设置网格竖线(Domain轴)颜色
plot.setRangeGridlinePaint(Color.white);//设置网格横线颜色
plot.setAxisOffset(new RectangleInsets(5.0, 5.0, 5.0, 5.0));//设置曲线图与xy轴的距离
plot.setDomainCrosshairVisible(true);
plot.setRangeCrosshairVisible(true);
XYItemRenderer r = plot.getRenderer();
if (r instanceof XYLineAndShapeRenderer)
{
XYLineAndShapeRenderer renderer = (XYLineAndShapeRenderer) r;
//renderer.setDefaultShapesVisible(true);
//renderer.setDefaultShapesFilled(true);
renderer.setShapesFilled(true);
renderer.setShapesVisible(true);//设置曲线是否显示数据点
}
//设置Y轴
NumberAxis numAxis = (NumberAxis) plot.getRangeAxis();
NumberFormat numFormater = NumberFormat.getNumberInstance();
numFormater.setMinimumFractionDigits(2);
numAxis.setNumberFormatOverride(numFormater);
//设置提示信息
StandardXYToolTipGenerator tipGenerator = new StandardXYToolTipGenerator(
"{1},{2})", new SimpleDateFormat("MM-dd"),
numFormater);
r.setToolTipGenerator(tipGenerator);
//设置X轴(日期轴)
DateAxis axis = (DateAxis) plot.getDomainAxis();
axis.setDateFormatOverride(new SimpleDateFormat("MM-dd"));
ChartRenderingInfo info = new ChartRenderingInfo(
new StandardEntityCollection());
try
{
fileName = ServletUtilities.saveChartAsPNG(chart, 500, 300, info,
session);//生成图片
// Write the image map to the PrintWriter
ChartUtilities.writeImageMap(pw, fileName, info, false);
}
catch (IOException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
pw.flush();
return fileName;//返回生成图片的文件名
}
/**
* 建立生成图形所需的数据集
* @return 返回数据集
*/
private XYDataset createDateSet()
{
TimeSeriesCollection dataset = new TimeSeriesCollection();//时间曲线数据集合
TimeSeries s1 = new TimeSeries("历史曲线", Day.class);//创建时间数据源,每一个//TimeSeries在图上是一条曲线
//s1.add(new Day(day,month,year),value),添加数据点信息
s1.add(new Day(1, 2, 2006), 123.51);
s1.add(new Day(2, 2, 2006), 122.1);
s1.add(new Day(3, 2, 2006), 120.86);
s1.add(new Day(4, 2, 2006), 122.50);
s1.add(new Day(5, 2, 2006), 123.12);
s1.add(new Day(6, 2, 2006), 123.9);
s1.add(new Day(7, 2, 2006), 124.47);
s1.add(new Day(8, 2, 2006), 124.08);
s1.add(new Day(9, 2, 2006), 123.55);
s1.add(new Day(10, 2, 2006), 122.53);
dataset.addSeries(s1);
dataset.setDomainIsPointsInTime(true);
return dataset;
}
}
在jsp文件中显示图片
首先在Web应用程序部署文件web.xml中添加以下代码:
<!-- 图片显示,使用专用的servlet来进行显示,它会完成路径的搜索及映射 -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>DisplayChart</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.jfree.chart.servlet.DisplayChart</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>DisplayChart</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/servlet/DisplayChart</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
然后在jsp中显示图片
完整的jsp文件:
<!--文件名称:timeLine.jsp-->
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=gb2312" pageEncoding="GB2312"%>
<%@ page import="com.hong.bean.LineXYChart"%>
<%@ page import = "java.io.PrintWriter" %>
<%
LineXYChart xyChart=new LineXYChart();
String fileName=xyChart.getLineXYChart(session,new PrintWriter(out));
String graphURL = request.getContextPath() + "/servlet/DisplayChart?filename=" + fileName;
%>
<html>
</head>
<title> JFreeChart使用例子</title>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=gb2312">
</head>
<body>
<img src="<%= graphURL %>" width=500 height=300 border=0 usemap="#<%= fileName %>">
</body>
</html>
常见生成方式:
对JfreeChart有了初步了解并做好准备工作之后,开始作例子程序试验。在这里我只介绍饼图的做法,而这张图采用不同的方式进行输出,其他类型的图片可以参考jfreechart提供的例子,做法都差不多。
1) 直接生成图片
代码
- public class PieChartPicture {
- public static void main(String[] args)
- {
- PieDataset dataset = getDataSet();
- JFreeChart chart = ChartFactory.createPieChart3D(
- " 项目进度分布", // chart title
- dataset,// data
- true,// include legend
- true,
- false
- );
- PiePlot3D plot=(PiePlot3D)chart.getPlot();
- // 图片中显示百分比:默认方式
- //plot.setLabelGenerator(new StandardPieSectionLabelGenerator(StandardPieToolTipGenerator.DEFAULT_TOOLTIP_FORMAT));
- // 图片中显示百分比:自定义方式,{0} 表示选项, {1} 表示数值, {2} 表示所占比例 ,小数点后两位
- plot.setLabelGenerator(new StandardPieSectionLabelGenerator("{0}={1}({2})", NumberFormat.getNumberInstance(), new DecimalFormat("0.00%")));
- // 图例显示百分比:自定义方式, {0} 表示选项, {1} 表示数值, {2} 表示所占比例
- plot.setLegendLabelGenerator(new StandardPieSectionLabelGenerator("{0}={1}({2})"));
- // 设置背景色为白色
- chart.setBackgroundPaint(Color.white);
- // 指定图片的透明度(0.0-1.0)
- plot.setForegroundAlpha(1.0f);
- // 指定显示的饼图上圆形(false)还椭圆形(true)
- plot.setCircular(true);
- // 设置图标题的字体
- Font font = new Font(" 黑体",Font.CENTER_BASELINE,20);
- TextTitle title = new TextTitle(" 项目状态分布");
- title.setFont(font);
- chart.setTitle(title);
- FileOutputStream fos_jpg = null;
- try {
- fos_jpg=new FileOutputStream("D:// 项目状态分布.jpg");
- ChartUtilities.writeChartAsJPEG(fos_jpg,100,chart,640,480,null);
- fos_jpg.close();
- } catch (Exception e) {
- }
- }
- private static PieDataset getDataSet() {
- DefaultPieDataset dataset = new DefaultPieDataset();
- dataset.setValue(" 市场前期", new Double(10));
- dataset.setValue(" 立项", new Double(15));
- dataset.setValue(" 计划", new Double(10));
- dataset.setValue(" 需求与设计", new Double(10));
- dataset.setValue(" 执行控制", new Double(35));
- dataset.setValue(" 收尾", new Double(10));
- dataset.setValue(" 运维",new Double(10));
- return dataset;
- }
- }
2) 采用servlet和struts的action方式输出
采用这种方式输出,不用生成图片。
A .servlet输出
代码
- public class PieByServlet extends HttpServlet{
- public void service(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res)
- throws ServletException, IOException
- {
- res.setContentType("image/jpeg");
- PieDataset dataset = getDataSet();
- JFreeChart chart = ChartFactory.createPieChart3D(
- " 水果饼图", // chart title
- dataset,// data
- true, // include legend
- true,
- false );
- //设置图表属性
- // 输出图片
- ChartUtilities.writeChartAsJPEG(res.getOutputStream(),100,chart,800,600,null);
- }
B .struts的action方式输出
只将这条语句加上try catch即可,并返回null。
代码
- try{
- ChartUtilities.writeChartAsJPEG(response.getOutputStream(),100,chart,800,600,null);
- } catch (Exception e) {
- }
- return null;
其实采用这两种方式与生成图片的方式改动并不大
加上语句response.setContentType("image/jpeg");
ChartUtilities.writeChartAsJPEG(new FileOutputStream("D:// 项目状态分布.jpg");,100,chart,640,480,null);
文件流改成response的输出流就可以了
hartUtilities.writeChartAsJPEG(response.getOutputStream(),100,chart,800,600,null);
3)jsp+servlet+javabean方式
1. Create ChartViewer servlet
代码
- public class ChartViewer extends HttpServlet {
- public void init() throws ServletException {
- }
- //Process the HTTP Get request
- public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
- // get the chart from session
- HttpSession session = request.getSession();
- BufferedImage chartImage = (BufferedImage) session.getAttribute("chartImage");
- // set the content type so the browser can see this as a picture
- response.setContentType("image/png");
- // send the picture
- PngEncoder encoder = new PngEncoder(chartImage, false, 0, 9);
- response.getOutputStream().write(encoder.pngEncode());
- }
- //Process the HTTP Post request
- public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
- doGet(request, response);
- }
- //Process the HTTP Put request
- public void doPut(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
- }
- //Clean up resources
- public void destroy() { }
- }
2. Create a servlet map in web.xml
代码
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <web-app>
- <servlet>
- <servlet-name>ChartViewer</servlet-name>
- <servlet-class>myapp.webwork.servlets.ChartViewer</servlet-class>
- </servlet>
- <servlet-mapping>
- <servlet-name>ChartViewer</servlet-name>
- <url-pattern>/servlet/ChartViewer</url-pattern>
- </servlet-mapping>
- </web-app>
3. Create a chart in a java bean (Pie3DDemo.java)
代码
- public class Pie3DDemo {
- private DefaultPieDataset getDataset() {
- // categories...
- String[] section = new String[] { "Jan","Feb","Mar","Apr","May","Jun", "Jul","Aug","Sep","Oct","Nov","Dec" };
- // data...
- double[] data = new double[section.length];
- for (int i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
- data[i] = 10 + (Math.random() * 10);
- }
- // create the dataset...
- DefaultPieDataset dataset = new DefaultPieDataset();
- for (int i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
- dataset.setValue(section[i], data[i]);
- }
- return dataset;
- }
- public String getChartViewer(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
- DefaultPieDataset dataset = getDataset();
- // create the chart...
- JFreeChart chart = ChartFactory.createPie3DChart(
- "Pie3D Chart Demo", // chart title
- dataset, // data
- true, // include legend
- true,
- false
- );
- // set the background color for the chart...
- chart.setBackgroundPaint(Color.cyan);
- PiePlot plot = (PiePlot) chart.getPlot();
- plot.setNoDataMessage("No data available");
- // set drilldown capability...
- plot.setURLGenerator(new StandardPieURLGenerator("Bar3DDemo.jsp","section"));
- plot.setLabelGenerator(null);
- // OPTIONAL CUSTOMISATION COMPLETED.
- ChartRenderingInfo info = null;
- HttpSession session = request.getSession();
- try {
- //Create RenderingInfo object
- response.setContentType("text/html");
- info = new ChartRenderingInfo(new StandardEntityCollection());
- BufferedImage chartImage = chart.createBufferedImage(640, 400, info);
- // putting chart as BufferedImage in session,
- // thus making it available for the image reading action Action.
- session.setAttribute("chartImage", chartImage);
- PrintWriter writer = new PrintWriter(response.getWriter());
- ChartUtilities.writeImageMap(writer, "imageMap", info);
- writer.flush();
- } catch (Exception e) { }
- String pathInfo = "http://";
- pathInfo += request.getServerName();
- int port = request.getServerPort();
- pathInfo += ":"+String.valueOf(port);
- pathInfo += request.getContextPath();
- String chartViewer = pathInfo + "/servlet/ChartViewer";
- return chartViewer;
- }
6. 页面
代码
- <html>
- <head>
- <title>Pie Chart Demo</title>
- </head>
- <jsp:useBeanidjsp:useBeanid="myChart"scope="session"class="myapp.webwork.beans.Pie3DDemo" />
- <body>
- <h2>Pie Chart Demo</h2>
- <%String chartViewer = myChart.getChartViewer(request, response);%>
- <img src="<%=chartViewer%>" border=0 usemap="#imageMap">
- </body>
- </html>
4)采用工具类ChartUtil和DisplayChart(jfreechart的servlet)输出
我用了上面的几个方法输出图片,发现页面里只能输出一个图片,
不过下面的方法可以输出多个图片,而且是几种方式中最简单的一个,推荐使用。
这种方式和上面的三种比较类似,是将javabean里的生成图片的方法写的一个工具类ChartUtil里面。
1 .添加工具类ChartUtil
public class ChartUtil {
// 产生时间序列图,返回图片名称
代码
- public static String generatePieChart(DefaultPieDataset dataset,String title,int width,int height,HttpSession session, PrintWriter pw) {
- String filename = null;
- try {
- if (session != null)
- {
- ChartDeleter deleter = (ChartDeleter)session.getAttribute("JFreeChart_Deleter");
- session.removeAttribute("JFreeChart_Deleter");
- session.setAttribute("JFreeChart_Deleter", deleter);
- }
- JFreeChart chart = ChartFactory.createPieChart3D(
- title, // chart title
- dataset, // data
- true, // include legend
- true,
- false );
- // Write the chart image to the temporary directory
- ChartRenderingInfo info = new ChartRenderingInfo(new StandardEntityCollection());
- //If the last parameter is null, the chart is a "one time"-chart and will be deleted after the first serving.
- //If the last parameter is a session object, the chart remains until session time out.
- filename = ServletUtilities.saveChartAsPNG(chart, width, height, info, session);
- // Write the image map to the PrintWriter
- ChartUtilities.writeImageMap(pw, filename, info,true);
- pw.flush();
- } catch (Exception e) {
- System.out.println("Exception - " + e.toString());
- e.printStackTrace(System.out);
- filename = "picture_error.png"; }
- return filename;
- }
- }
2、在action里统计数据,设置好数据集dataset。传到页面
3、 在页面里取出
DefaultPieDataset piedataset=(DefaultPieDataset)request.getAttribute("piedataset");
// 用ChartUtil工具类产生图片
代码
- String p = ChartUtil.generatePieChart(piedataset," 项目收支线图",500,300,null, new PrintWriter(out));
- String p1 = request.getContextPath() + "/servlet/DisplayChart?filename=" + p;
通过以下方式输出
代码
- <td><img src="<%= p1 %>" width=500 height=300 border=0 usemap="#<%= p %>"></td>
4、在web.xml中添加
代码
- <servlet>
- <servlet-name>DisplayChart</servlet-name>
- <servlet-class>org.jfree.chart.servlet.DisplayChart</servlet-class>
- </servlet>
- <servlet-mapping>
- <servlet-name>DisplayChart</servlet-name>
- <url-pattern>/servlet/DisplayChart</url-pattern>
- </servlet-mapping>
5) ApplicationFrame 方式
代码
- public class PieChartDemo1 extends ApplicationFrame {
- public PieChartDemo1(String title) {
- super(title);
- setContentPane(createDemoPanel());
- }
- private static JFreeChart createChart(PieDataset dataset) {
- JFreeChart chart = ChartFactory.createPieChart(
- .......
- return chart;
- }
- public static JPanel createDemoPanel() {
- JFreeChart chart = createChart(createDataset());
- return new ChartPanel(chart);
- }
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- PieChartDemo1 demo = new PieChartDemo1("Pie Chart Demo 1");
- demo.pack();
- RefineryUtilities.centerFrameOnScreen(demo);
- demo.setVisible(true);
- }
- }