SQL面试题练习 —— 求连续段的起始位置和结束位置

题目来源：拼多多。

1 题目

有一张表t_id记录了id，id不重复，但是会存在间断，求出连续段的起始位置和结束位置。

样例数据

+-----+
| id  |
+-----+
| 1   |
| 2   |
| 3   |
| 5   |
| 6   |
| 8   |
| 10  |
| 12  |
| 13  |
| 14  |
| 15  |
+-----+

2 建表语句

--建表语句
CREATE TABLE t_id (
id bigint COMMENT 'ID'
) COMMENT 'ID记录表'
ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY '\t' 
;
-- 插入数据
insert into t_id(id)
values
(1),
(2),
(3),
(5),
(6),
(8),
(10),
(12),
(13),
(14),
(15)

3 题解

（1）lag()函数进行开窗计算与上一行的差值；

select id,
       id - lag(id) over (order by id) as diff
from t_id

执行结果

+-----+-------+
| id  | diff  |
+-----+-------+
| 1   | NULL  |
| 2   | 1     |
| 3   | 1     |
| 5   | 2     |
| 6   | 1     |
| 8   | 2     |
| 10  | 2     |
| 12  | 2     |
| 13  | 1     |
| 14  | 1     |
| 15  | 1     |
+-----+-------+

（2）获得分组字段

根据diff进行判断，如果差值为1代表连续赋值为0，否则代表不连续赋值为1,然后使用sum()进行累积计算，获得分组依据字段。

select id,
       sum(if(diff = 1, 0, 1)) over (order by id) as group_type
from (select id,
             id - lag(id) over (order by id) as diff
      from t_id) t

执行结果

+-----+-------------+
| id  | group_type  |
+-----+-------------+
| 1   | 1           |
| 2   | 1           |
| 3   | 1           |
| 5   | 2           |
| 6   | 2           |
| 8   | 3           |
| 10  | 4           |
| 12  | 5           |
| 13  | 5           |
| 14  | 5           |
| 15  | 5           |
+-----+-------------+

（3）得出结果

select group_type,
       min(id) as start_pos,
       max(id) as end_pos
from (select id,
             sum(if(diff = 1, 0, 1)) over (order by id) as group_type
      from (select id,
                   id - lag(id) over (order by id) as diff
            from t_id) t) tt
group by group_type

执行结果

+-------------+------------+----------+
| group_type  | start_pos  | end_pos  |
+-------------+------------+----------+
| 1           | 1          | 3        |
| 2           | 5          | 6        |
| 3           | 8          | 8        |
| 4           | 10         | 10       |
| 5           | 12         | 15       |
+-------------+------------+----------+