编写Shell过程中注意事项:
开头加解释器:#!/bin/bash
语法缩进,使用四个空格;多加注释说明。
命名建议规则:变量名大写、局部变量小写,函数名小写,名字体现出实际作用。
默认变量是全局的,在函数中变量local指定为局部变量,避免污染其他作用域。
有两个命令能帮助我调试脚本:set -e 遇到执行非0时退出脚本,set-x 打印执行过程。
写脚本一定先测试再到生产上。
1、获取随机字符串或数字
获取随机8位字符串:
方法1:
# echo $RANDOM |md5sum |cut -c 1-8
471b94f2
方法2:
# openssl rand -base64 4
vg3BEg==
方法3:
# cat /proc/sys/kernel/random/uuid |cut -c 1-8
ed9e032c
获取随机8位数字:
方法1:
# echo $RANDOM |cksum |cut -c 1-8
23648321
方法2:
# openssl rand -base64 4 |cksum |cut -c 1-8
38571131
方法3:
# date +%N |cut -c 1-8
69024815
cksum:打印CRC效验和统计字节
2、定义一个颜色输出字符串函数
方法1:
function echo_color() {
if [ $1 == "green" ]; then
echo -e "\033[32;40m$2\033[0m"
elif [ $1 == "red" ]; then
echo -e "\033[31;40m$2\033[0m"
fi
}
方法2:
function echo_color() {
case $1 in
green)
echo -e "[32;40m$2[0m"
;;
red)
echo -e "[31;40m$2[0m"
;;
*)
echo "Example: echo_color red string"
esac
}
使用方法:echo_color green "test"
function关键字定义一个函数,可加或不加。
3、批量创建用户
#!/bin/bash
DATE=$(date +%F_%T)
USER_FILE=user.txt
echo_color(){
if [ $1 == 'green' ]; then
echo -e "[32;40m$2[0m"
elif [ $1 == 'red' ]; then
echo -e "[31;40m$2[0m"
fi
}
# 如果用户文件存在并且大小大于0就备份
if [ -s $USER_FILE ]; then
mv $USER_FILE $USER_FILE-$DATE.bak
echo_color green "$USER_FILE exist, rename ${USER_FILE}-${DATE}.bak"
fi
echo -e "User Password" >> $USER_FILE
echo "-------------------">> $USER_FILE
for USER in user{1..10}; do
if ! id $USER &>/dev/null; then
PASS=$(echo $RANDOM |md5sum |cut -c 1-8)
useradd $USER
echo $PASS |passwd --stdin $USER &> /dev/dell
echo -e "$USER $PASS" >> $USER_FILE
echo "$USER User create successful."
else
echo_color red "$USER User already exists!"
fi
done
4、检查软件包是否安装
#!/bin/bash
if rpm -q sysstat &>/dev/null; then
echo "sysstat is already installed."
else
echo "sysstat is not installed!"
fi
5、检查服务状态
#!/bin/bash
PORT_C=$(ss -ant |grep -c 6443)
PS_C=$(ps -ef |grep kube-apiserver |grep -vc grep)
if [ $PORT_C -eq 0 -o $PS_C -eq 0 ]; then
echo "kube-apiserver service dowmped"
else
echo "kube-apiserver service running!"
fi
6、检查主机存活状态
方法1:将错误IP放到数组里面判断是否ping失败三次
#!/bin/bash
for IP in $IP_LIST; do
NUM=1
while [ $NUM -le 3 ]; do
if ping -c 1 $IP &> /dev/null; then
echo "$IP Ping is successful."
break
else
FAIL_COUNT[$NUM]=$IP
let NUM++
fi
done
if [ ${#FAIL_COUNT[*]} -eq 3 ]; then
echo "${FAIL_COUNT[1]} Ping is failure!"
unset FAIL_COUNT[*]
fi
done
方法2:将错误次数放到FAIL_COUNT变量里面判断是否ping失败三次
#!/bin/bash
for IP in $IP_LIST; do
FAIL_COUNT=0
for (( i=1;i<=3;i++)); do
if ping -c 1 $IP &>/dev/null; then
echo "$IP Ping is successful."
break
else
let FAIL_COUNT++
fi
done
if [ $FAIL_COUNT -eq 3 ]; then
echo "$IP Ping is failure!"
fi
done
方法3:利用for循环将ping通就跳出循环继续,如果不跳出就会走到打印ping失败
#!/bin/bash
ping_success_status() {
if ping -c 1 $IP &>/dev/null; then
echo "$IP Ping is successful."
continue
fi
}
for IP in $IP_LIST; do
ping_success_status
ping_success_status
ping_success_status
echo "$IP Ping is failure!"
done
7、监控CPU、内存和硬盘利用率
#!/bin/bash
DATE=$(date +%F" "%H:%M)
IP=$(ifconfig eth0 |awk '/netmask/ {print $2}')
if ! which vmstat &> /dev/null; then
echo "vmstat command no found, Please install procps package."
exit 1
fi
## CPU
US=$(vmstat |awk 'NR==3 {print $13}')
SY=$(vmstat |awk 'NR==3 {print $14}')
IDLE=$(vmstat |awk 'NR==3 {print $15}')
WAIT=$(vmstat |awk 'NR==3 {print $15}')
USE=$(($US+$SY))
if [ $USE -ge 50 ];then
echo "
Date: $DATE
Host: $IP
Problem: CPU utilization $USE"
fi
## Mem
TOTAL=$(free -m |awk '/Mem/ {print $2}')
USE=$(free -m |awk '/Mem/ {print $3}')
FREE=$(free -m |awk '/Mem/ {print $4+$6}')
if [ $FREE -lt 1024 ]; then
echo "
Date: $DATE
Host: $IP
Problem: Total=$TOTAL,Use=$USE,Free=$FREE"
fi
#disk
PART_USE=$(df -h |awk -F'[% ]+' 'BEGIN{OFS="="} /^\/dev/ {print $1,$2,$5,$6}')
for i in $PART_USE; do
PART=$(echo $i |cut -d"=" -f1)
TOTAL=$(echo $i |cut -d "=" -f2)
USE=$(echo $i |cut -d"=" -f3)
MOUNT=$(echo $i |cut -d"=" -f4)
if [ $USE -gt 80 ]; then
echo "
Date: $DATE
Host: $IP
Total: $TOTAL
Problem: $PART=$USE($MOUNT)"
fi
done
8、批量主机磁盘利用率监控
前提监控端和被监控端SSH免交互登录或者密钥登录。
写一个配置文件保存被监控主机SSH连接信息,文件内容格式:IP User Port
#!/bin/bash
HOST_INFO=host.info
for IP in $(awk '/^[^#]/ {print $1}' $HOST_INFO); do
USER=$(awk -v ip=$IP 'ip==$1 {print $2}' $HOST_INFO)
PORT=$(awk -v ip=$IP 'ip==$1 {print $3}' $HOST_INFO)
TMP_FILE=/tmp/disk.tmp
ssh -p $PORT $USER@$IP df -h > $TMP_FILE
USE_RATE_LIST=$(awk 'BEGIN{OFS="="} /^\/dev/ {print $NF,int($5)}' $TMP_FILE)
for USE_RATE in $USE_RATE_LIST; do
PART_NAME=${USE_RATE%=*} ##从右到左,非贪婪匹配,匹配到的删除
USE_RATE=${USE_RATE#*=} ##从左到右,非贪婪匹配,匹配到的删除
if [ $USE_RATE -ge 10 ];then
echo "Warning: $IP $PART_NAME Partition usage $USE_RATE%!"
fi
done
done
9、检查网站可用性
#!/bin/bash
#--------------------
#1)检查URL可用性
#方法1:
check_url() {
HTTP_CODE=$(curl -o /dev/null --connect-timeout 3 -s -w "%{http_code}" $1)
if [ $HTTP_CODE -ne 200 ]; then
echo "Warning: $1 Access failure!"
fi
}
#方法2:
check_url_2() {
if ! wget -T 10 --tries=1 --spider $1 &>/dev/null; then
#-T超时时间,--tries尝试1次,--spider爬虫模式
echo "Warning: $1 Access failure!"
fi
}
#check_url www.baidu.com
#check_url_2 www.aaaa.com
#2)判断三次URL可用性
#思路与上面检查主机存活状态一样。
#---------------------------------
URL_LIST="www.baidu.com www.agasgf.com"
#------
#方法1:利用循环技巧,如果成功就跳出当前循环,否则执行到最后一行
check_url_3() {
HTTP_CODE=$(curl -o /dev/null --connect-timeout 3 -s -w "%{http_code}" $1)
if [ $HTTP_CODE -eq 200 ]; then
continue
fi
}
for URL in $URL_LIST; do
check_url_3 $URL
check_url_3 $URL
check_url_3 $URL
echo "Warning: $URL Access failure!"
done
#------
#方法2:错误次数保存到变量
for URL in $URL_LIST; do
FAIL_COUNT=0
for ((i=1;i<=3;i++)); do
HTTP_CODE=$(curl -o /dev/null --connect-timeout 3 -s -w "%{http_code}" $URL)
if [ $HTTP_CODE -ne 200 ]; then
let FAIL_COUNT++
else
break
fi
done
if [ $FAIL_COUNT -eq 3 ]; then
echo "Warning: $URL Access failure!"
fi
done
#------
#方法3:错误次数保存到数组
for URL in $URL_LIST;do
NUM=1
unset FAIL_COUNT
while [ $NUM -le 3 ]; do
HTTP_CODE=$(curl -o /dev/null --connect-timeout 3 -s -w "%{http_code}" $URL)
if [ $HTTP_CODE -ne 200 ]; then
FAIL_COUNT[$NUM]=$URL
let NUM++
else
break
fi
done
if [ ${#FAIL_COUNT[@]} -eq 3 ];then
echo "Warning: $URL Access failure!"
fi
done
10、检查MySQL主从同步状态
#!/bin/bash
USER=bak
PASSWD=123456
IO_SQL_STATUS=$(mysql -u$USER -p$PASSWD -e show slave statusG |awk -F: /Slave_.*_Running/{gsub(": ",":");print $0} ) #gsub去除冒号后面的空格
for i in $IO_SQL_STATUS; do
THREAD_STATUS_NAME=${i%:*}
THREAD_STATUS=${i#*:}
if [ "$THREAD_STATUS" != "Yes" ]; then
echo "Error: MySQL Master-Slave $THREAD_STATUS_NAME status is $THREAD_STATUS!"
fi
done
1、iptables自动屏蔽访问网站频繁的IP
场景:恶意访问,安全防范
1)屏蔽每分钟访问超过200的IP
方法1:根据访问日志(Nginx为例)
#先tail防止文件过大,读取慢,数字可调整每分钟最大的访问量。awk不能直接过滤日志,因为包含特殊字符。
#!/bin/bash
DATE=$(date +%d/%b/%Y:%H:%M)
ABNORMAL_IP=$(tail -5000 /usr/local/services/tengine-2.1.2/logs/access.log |grep $DATE |awk '{a[$1]++} END {for(i in a)if(a[i]>200){print i}}')
for IP in $ABNORMAL_IP; do
if [ $(iptables -vnL |grep -c "$IP") -eq 0 ]; then
iptables -I INPUT -s $IP -j DROP
fi
done
方法2:通过TCP建立的连接
#gsub是将第五列(客户端IP)的冒号和端口去掉
#!/bin/bash
DATE=$(date +%d/%b/%Y:%H:%M)
ABNORMAL_IP=$(netstat -an |awk '$4~/:80$/ && $6~/ESTABLISHED/ {gsub(/:[0-9]+/,"",$5);{a[$5]++}} END {for(i in a) if(a[i]>200) print i}')
for IP in $ABNORMAL_IP; do
if [ $(iptables -vnL |grep -c "$IP") -eq 0 ]; then
iptables -I INPUT -s $IP -j DROP
fi
done
2)屏蔽每分钟SSH尝试登录超过10次的IP
方法1:通过lastb获取登录状态:
#!/bin/bash
DATE=$(date +"%a %b %e %H:%M") #星期月天时分 %e单数字时显示7,而%d显示07
ABNORMAL_IP=$(lastb |grep "$DATE" |awk '{a[$3]++} END {for(i in a)if(a[i]>10) print i}')
for IP in $ABNORMAL_IP; do
if [ $(iptables -vnL |grep -c "$IP") -eq 0 ]; then
iptables -I INPUT -s $IP -j DROP
fi
done
方法2:通过日志获取登录状态
#!/bin/bash
DATE=$(date +"%b %d %H")
ABNORMAL_IP="$(tail -n10000 /var/log/auth.log |grep "$DATE" |awk '/Failed/ {a[$(NF-3)]++} END {for(i in a)if(a[i]>5)print i}')"
for IP in $ABNORMAL_IP; do
if [ $(iptables -vnL |grep -c "$IP") -eq 0 ]; then
iptables -A INPUT -s $IP -j DROP
echo "$(date +"%F %T") - iptables -A INPUT -s $IP -j DROP" >>~/ssh-login-limit.log
fi
done
2、判断用户输入的是否为IP地址
IP 地址的条件是:以点分割的四段1到3位的数字 和 每段数字小于255
方法1:
#!/bin/bash
function check_ip(){
IP=$1
VALID_CHECK=$(echo $IP|awk -F. '$1<=255&&$2<=255&&$3<=255&&$4<=255{print "yes"}')
if echo $IP|grep -E "^[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}$">/dev/null; then
if [ $VALID_CHECK == "yes" ]; then
echo "$IP available."
else
echo "$IP not available!"
fi
else
echo "Format error!"
fi
}
check_ip 192.168.1.1
check_ip 256.1.1.1
方法2:
#!/bin/bash
function check_ip(){
IP=$1
if [[ $IP =~ ^[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}$ ]]; then
FIELD1=$(echo $IP|cut -d. -f1)
FIELD2=$(echo $IP|cut -d. -f2)
FIELD3=$(echo $IP|cut -d. -f3)
FIELD4=$(echo $IP|cut -d. -f4)
if [ $FIELD1 -le 255 -a $FIELD2 -le 255 -a $FIELD3 -le 255 -a $FIELD4 -le 255 ]; then
echo "$IP available."
else
echo "$IP not available!"
fi
else
echo "Format error!"
fi
}
check_ip 192.168.1.1
check_ip 256.1.1.1
增加版:
加个死循环,如果IP可用就退出,不可用提示继续输入,并使用awk判断。
#!/bin/bash
function check_ip(){
local IP=$1
VALID_CHECK=$(echo $IP|awk -F. '$1<=255&&$2<=255&&$3<=255&&$4<=255{print "yes"}')
if echo $IP|grep -E "^[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}$" >/dev/null; then
if [ $VALID_CHECK == "yes" ]; then
return 0
else
echo "$IP not available!"
return 1
fi
else
echo "Format error! Please input again."
return 1
fi
}
while true; do
read -p "Please enter IP: " IP
check_ip $IP
[ $? -eq 0 ] && break || continue
done
3、判断用户输入的是否为数字
方法1:
#!/bin/bash
if [[ $1 =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]]; then
echo "Is Number."
else
echo "No Number."
fi
方法2:
#!/bin/bash
if [ $1 -gt 0 ] 2>/dev/null; then
echo "Is Number."
else
echo "No Number."
fi
方法3:
#!/bin/bash
echo $1 |awk '{print $0~/^[0-9]+$/?"Is Number.":"No Number."}' #三目运算符
4、给定目录找出包含关键字的文件
方法1:
#!/bin/bash
DIR=$1
KEY=$2
for FILE in $(find $DIR -type f); do
if grep $KEY $FILE &>/dev/null; then
echo "--> $FILE"
fi
done
方法2:
#!/bin/bash
grep -r bash /root/tools/ |awk -F: '{print $1}'
5、监控目录,将新创建的文件名追加到日志中
场景:记录目录下文件操作。
需先安装inotify-tools软件包。
#!/bin/bash
MON_DIR=/opt
inotifywait -mq --format %f -e create $MON_DIR |\
while read files; do
echo $files >> test.log
done
6、给用户提供多个网卡选择
场景:服务器多个网卡时,获取指定网卡,例如网卡流量
#!/bin/bash
function local_nic() {
local NUM ARRAY_LENGTH
NUM=0
for NIC_NAME in $(ls /sys/class/net|grep -vE "lo|docker0"); do
NIC_IP=$(ifconfig eth0 |awk '/netmask.*broadcast/ {print $2}')
if [ -n "$NIC_IP" ]; then
NIC_IP_ARRAY[$NUM]="$NIC_NAME:$NIC_IP" #将网卡名和对应IP放到数组
let NUM++
fi
done
ARRAY_LENGTH=${#NIC_IP_ARRAY[*]}
if [ $ARRAY_LENGTH -eq 1 ]; then #如果数组里面只有一条记录说明就一个网卡
NIC=${NIC_IP_ARRAY[0]%:*}
return 0
elif [ $ARRAY_LENGTH -eq 0 ]; then #如果没有记录说明没有网卡
echo "No available network card!"
exit 1
else
#如果有多条记录则提醒输入选择
for NIC in ${NIC_IP_ARRAY[*]}; do
echo $NIC
done
while true; do
read -p "Please enter local use to network card name: " INPUT_NIC_NAME
COUNT=0
for NIC in ${NIC_IP_ARRAY[*]}; do
NIC_NAME=${NIC%:*}
if [ $NIC_NAME == "$INPUT_NIC_NAME" ]; then
NIC=${NIC_IP_ARRAY[$COUNT]%:*}
return 0
else
COUNT+=1
fi
done
echo "Not match! Please input again."
done
fi
}
local_nic
7、查看网卡实时流量
适用于CentOS6操作系统。
#!/bin/bash
traffic_unit_conv() {
local traffic=$1
if [ $traffic -gt 1024000 ];then
printf "%.1f%s" "$(($traffic/1024/1024))" "MB/s"
elif [ $traffic -lt 1024000 ]; then
printf "%.1f%s" "$(($traffic/1024))" "KB/s"
fi
}
NIC=$1
echo -e "In ------ Out"
while true; do
OLD_IN=$(awk -F'[: ]+' '$0~/'$NIC'/ {print $3}' /proc/net/dev)
OLD_OUT=$(awk -F'[: ]+' '$0~/'$NIC'/ {print $11}' /proc/net/dev)
sleep 1
NEW_IN=$(awk -F'[: ]+' '$0~/'$NIC'/ {print $3}' /proc/net/dev)
NEW_OUT=$(awk -F'[: ]+' '$0~/'$NIC'/ {print $11}' /proc/net/dev)
IN=$(($NEW_IN-$OLD_IN))
OUT=$(($NEW_OUT-$OLD_OUT))
echo "$(traffic_unit_conv $IN) $(traffic_unit_conv $OUT)"
done
使用:./traffic.sh eth0
8、MySQL数据库备份
#!/bin/bash
DATE=$(date +%F_%H-%M-%S)
HOST=192.168.1.120
DB=test
USER=bak
PASS=123456
MAIL="zhangsan@example.com lisi@example.com"
BACKUP_DIR=/data/db_backup
SQL_FILE=${DB}_full_$DATE.sql
BAK_FILE=${DB}_full_$DATE.zip
cd $BACKUP_DIR
if mysqldump -h$HOST -u$USER -p$PASS --single-transaction --routines --triggers -B $DB > $SQL_FILE; then
zip $BAK_FILE $SQL_FILE && rm -f $SQL_FILE
if [ ! -s $BAK_FILE ]; then
echo "$DATE 内容" | mail -s "主题" $MAIL
fi
else
echo "$DATE 内容" | mail -s "主题" $MAIL
fi
find $BACKUP_DIR -name '*.zip' -ctime +14 -exec rm {} \;
9、Nginx服务管理脚本
场景:使用源码包安装Nginx不含带服务管理脚本,也就是不能使用"service nginx start"或"/etc/init.d/nginx start",所以写了以下的服务管理脚本。
#!/bin/bash
# Description: Only support RedHat system
. /etc/init.d/functions
WORD_DIR=/usr/local/nginx
DAEMON=$WORD_DIR/sbin/nginx
CONF=$WORD_DIR/conf/nginx.conf
NAME=nginx
PID=$(awk -F'[; ]+' '/^[^#]/{if($0~/pid;/)print $2}' $CONF)
if [ -z "$PID" ]; then
PID=$WORD_DIR/logs/nginx.pid
else
PID=$WORD_DIR/$PID
fi
stop() {
$DAEMON -s stop
sleep 1
[ ! -f $PID ] && action "* Stopping $NAME" /bin/true || action "* Stopping $NAME" /bin/false
}
start() {
$DAEMON
sleep 1
[ -f $PID ] && action "* Starting $NAME" /bin/true || action "* Starting $NAME" /bin/false
}
reload() {
$DAEMON -s reload
}
test_config() {
$DAEMON -t
}
case "$1" in
start)
if [ ! -f $PID ]; then
start
else
echo "$NAME is running..."
exit 0
fi
;;
stop)
if [ -f $PID ]; then
stop
else
echo "$NAME not running!"
exit 0
fi
;;
restart)
if [ ! -f $PID ]; then
echo "$NAME not running!"
start
else
stop
start
fi
;;
reload)
reload
;;
testconfig)
test_config
;;
status)
[ -f $PID ] && echo "$NAME is running..." || echo "$NAME not running!"
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|reload|testconfig|status}"
exit 3
;;
esac
10、用户根据菜单选择要连接的Linux主机
Linux主机SSH连接信息:
# cat host.txt
Web 192.168.1.10 root 22
DB 192.168.1.11 root 22
内容格式:主机名 IP User Port
#!/bin/bash
PS3="Please input number: "
HOST_FILE=host.txt
while true; do
select NAME in $(awk '{print $1}' $HOST_FILE) quit; do
[ ${NAME} == "quit" ] && exit 0
IP=$(awk -v NAME=${NAME} '$1==NAME {print $2}' $HOST_FILE)
USER=$(awk -v NAME=${NAME} '$1==NAME {print $3}' $HOST_FILE)
PORT=$(awk -v NAME=${NAME} '$1==NAME {print $4}' $HOST_FILE)
if [ $IP ]; then
echo "Name: $NAME, IP: $IP"
ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -p $PORT -i id_rsa $USER@$IP # 密钥免交互登录
break
else
echo "Input error, Please enter again!"
break
fi
done
done
1、从FTP服务器下载文件
#!/bin/bash
if [ $# -ne 1 ]; then
echo "Usage: $0 filename"
fi
dir=$(dirname $1)
file=$(basename $1)
ftp -n -v << EOF # -n 自动登录
open 192.168.1.10 # ftp服务器
user admin password
binary # 设置ftp传输模式为二进制,避免MD5值不同或.tar.gz压缩包格式错误
cd $dir
get "$file"
EOF
2、连续输入5个100以内的数字,统计和、最小和最大
#!/bin/bash
COUNT=1
SUM=0
while [ $COUNT -le 5 ]; do
read -p "请输入1-10个整数:" INT
if [[ ! $INT =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]]; then
echo "输入必须是整数!"
exit 1
elif [[ $INT -gt 100 ]]; then
echo "输入必须是100以内!"
exit 1
fi
if [ $COUNT -eq 1 ]; then
MIN=${INT}
MAX=${INT}
fi
SUM=$(($SUM+$INT))
[ $INT -lt $MIN ] && MIN=$INT
[ $INT -gt $MAX ] && MAX=$INT
let COUNT++
done
echo "SUM: $SUM"
echo "MIN: $MIN"
echo "MAX: $MAX"
# bash 100_sum_min_max.sh
请输入1-10个整数:6
请输入1-10个整数:99
请输入1-10个整数:77
请输入1-10个整数:4
请输入1-10个整数:55
SUM: 241
MIN: 4
MAX: 99
3、将结果分别赋值给变量
应用场景:希望将执行结果或者位置参数赋值给变量,以便后续使用。
方法1:
for i in {4..6};do eval a$i=$i;done
echo $a4 $a5 $a6
方法2:将位置参数192.168.1.1{1,2}拆分为到每个变量
num=0
for i in $(eval echo $*);do #eval将{1,2}分解为1 2
let num+=1
eval node${num}="$i"
done
echo $node1 $node2 $node3
# bash a.sh 192.168.1.1{1,2}
192.168.1.11 192.168.1.12
方法3:
arr=(4 5 6)
INDEX1=$(echo ${arr[0]})
INDEX2=$(echo ${arr[1]})
INDEX3=$(echo ${arr[2]})
4、批量修改文件名
示例:
# touch article_{1..3}.html
# ls
article_1.html article_2.html article_3.html
目的:把article改为bbs
方法1:
for file in $(ls *html); do
mv $file bbs_${file#*_}
# mv $file $(echo $file |sed -r 's/.*(_.*)/bbs\1/')
# mv $file $(echo $file |echo bbs_$(cut -d_ -f2)
done
方法2:
for file in $(find . -maxdepth 1 -name "*html"); do
mv $file bbs_${file#*_}
done
方法3:
# rename article bbs *.html
5、统计当前目录中以.html结尾的文件总大
方法1:
# find . -name "*.html" -exec du -k {} \; |awk '{sum+=$1}END{print sum}'
方法2:
for size in $(ls -l *.html |awk '{print $5}'); do
sum=$(($sum+$size))
done
echo $sum
6、扫描主机端口状态
#!/bin/bash
HOST=$1
PORT="22 25 80 8080"
for PORT in $PORT; do
if echo &>/dev/null > /dev/tcp/$HOST/$PORT; then
echo "$PORT open"
else
echo "$PORT close"
fi
done
7、Expect实现SSH免交互执行命令
Expect是一个自动交互式应用程序的工具,如telnet,ftp,passwd等。
需先安装expect软件包。
方法1:EOF标准输出作为expect标准输入
#!/bin/bash
USER=root
PASS=123.com
IP=192.168.1.120
expect << EOF
set timeout 30
spawn ssh $USER@$IP
expect {
"(yes/no)" {send "yes\r"; exp_continue}
"password:" {send "$PASS\r"}
}
expect "$USER@*" {send "$1\r"}
expect "$USER@*" {send "exit\r"}
expect eof
EOF
方法2:
#!/bin/bash
USER=root
PASS=123.com
IP=192.168.1.120
expect -c "
spawn ssh $USER@$IP
expect {
\"(yes/no)\" {send \"yes\r\"; exp_continue}
\"password:\" {send \"$PASS\r\"; exp_continue}
\"$USER@*\" {send \"df -h\r exit\r\"; exp_continue}
}"
方法3:将expect脚本独立出来
登录脚本:
# cat login.exp
#!/usr/bin/expect
set ip [lindex $argv 0]
set user [lindex $argv 1]
set passwd [lindex $argv 2]
set cmd [lindex $argv 3]
if { $argc != 4 } {
puts "Usage: expect login.exp ip user passwd"
exit 1
}
set timeout 30
spawn ssh $user@$ip
expect {
"(yes/no)" {send "yes\r"; exp_continue}
"password:" {send "$passwd\r"}
}
expect "$user@*" {send "$cmd\r"}
expect "$user@*" {send "exit\r"}
expect eof
执行命令脚本:写个循环可以批量操作多台服务器
#!/bin/bash
HOST_INFO=user_info.txt
for ip in $(awk '{print $1}' $HOST_INFO)
do
user=$(awk -v I="$ip" 'I==$1{print $2}' $HOST_INFO)
pass=$(awk -v I="$ip" 'I==$1{print $3}' $HOST_INFO)
expect login.exp $ip $user $pass $1
done
Linux主机SSH连接信息:
# cat user_info.txt
192.168.1.120 root 123456
8、批量修改服务器用户密码
Linux主机SSH连接信息:旧密码
# cat old_pass.txt
192.168.18.217 root 123456 22
192.168.18.218 root 123456 22
内容格式:IP User Password Port
SSH远程修改密码脚本:新密码随机生成
#!/bin/bash
OLD_INFO=old_pass.txt
NEW_INFO=new_pass.txt
for IP in $(awk '/^[^#]/{print $1}' $OLD_INFO); do
USER=$(awk -v I=$IP 'I==$1{print $2}' $OLD_INFO)
PASS=$(awk -v I=$IP 'I==$1{print $3}' $OLD_INFO)
PORT=$(awk -v I=$IP 'I==$1{print $4}' $OLD_INFO)
NEW_PASS=$(mkpasswd -l 8) # 随机密码
echo "$IP $USER $NEW_PASS $PORT" >> $NEW_INFO
expect -c "
spawn ssh -p$PORT $USER@$IP
set timeout 2
expect {
\"(yes/no)\" {send \"yes\r\";exp_continue}
\"password:\" {send \"$PASS\r\";exp_continue}
\"$USER@*\" {send \"echo \'$NEW_PASS\' |passwd --stdin $USER\r exit\r\";exp_continue}
}"
done
生成新密码文件:
# cat new_pass.txt
192.168.18.217 root n8wX3mU% 22
192.168.18.218 root c87;ZnnL 22
9、打印乘法口诀
方法1:
# awk 'BEGIN{for(n=1;n<=9;n++){for(i=1;i<=n;i++){printf i"x"n"="i*n" "} print""}}'
方法2:
for ((i=1;i<=9;i++)); do
for ((j=1;j<=i;j++)); do
result=$(($i*$j))
echo -n "$j*$i=$result "
done
echo
done
10、getopts工具完善脚本命令行参数
getopts是一个解析脚本选项参数的工具。
命令格式:getopts optstring name [arg]
初次使用你要注意这几点:
- 脚本位置参数会与optstring中的单个字母逐个匹配,如果匹配到就赋值给name,否则赋值name为问号;
- optstring中单个字母是一个选项,如果字母后面加冒号,表示该选项后面带参数,参数值并会赋值给OPTARG变量;
- optstring中第一个是冒号,表示屏蔽系统错误(test.sh: illegal option -- h);
- 允许把选项放一起,例如-ab
下面写一个打印文件指定行的简单例子,引导你思路:
#!/bin/bash
while getopts :f:n: option; do
case $option in
f)
FILE=$OPTARG
[ ! -f $FILE ] && echo "$FILE File not exist!" && exit
;;
n)
sed -n "${OPTARG}p" $FILE
;;
?)
echo "Usage: $0 -f <file_path> -n <line_number>"
echo "-f, --file specified file"
echo "-n, --line-number print specified line"
exit 1
;;
esac
done