Spring Cloud 笔记----持续更新中......

最新推荐文章于 2024-11-12 21:14:07 发布

huang_hkb

最新推荐文章于 2024-11-12 21:14:07 发布

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分类专栏： SpringCloud 文章标签： java eureka ribbon

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/huang_hkb/article/details/109394294

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本文深入探讨Spring Cloud的生态系统，包括服务注册与发现（Eureka的自我保护机制、服务提供者和消费者）、健康检查（Actuator）、安全验证、负载均衡（Ribbon的自定义策略）以及断路器（Hystrix）。通过实例解析Eureka的服务上下线，Ribbon的负载均衡配置，Feign的声明式服务调用，展示了Spring Cloud在微服务架构中的关键作用。

摘要由CSDN通过智能技术生成

why spring cloud？

跨语言–异构平台服务调用
可插拔–无状态，无强依赖，可随时下线，解决网络不可靠问题
牺牲一部分性能，提高可用性–RPC二进制比http json性能高很多
RPC相当于QQ，HTTP相当于微信

Spring Cloud–生态

服务–Spring Boot
模板引擎–Thymeleaf
服务注册–Netflix Eureka
服务调用–Netflix Fegin
负载均衡–Netflix Ribbon
熔断降级–Netflix Hystrix
服务网管–
- Netflix Zuul–业务网关
- Spring Cloud Gateway–业务网关
- Nginx–流量网关
  - WAF
  - 定向流量分发
  - 负载策略
  - Kong
  - Openresty (Nginx+Lua)
权限认证
- Spring Security–OAuth2.0
- Spring Shiro
- Spring Session
- JWT
分布式事务
- Alibaba Seata
- TCC
分布式锁
- Zookeeper Curator
- RedLock
链路追踪
- Spring Cloud Sleuth
- zipkin
健康检查–Spring Boot Actuator
监控平台–Spring Cloud Admin
消息总线–Spring Cloud Bus
- Spring Cloud Stream
- Spring Integration
- Spring Messaging
- Apache Camel

Eureka

自我保护机制

客户端每分钟续约数量小于客户端总数的85%时触发保护机制

eureka.server.enable-self-preservation=false;

Server

注解：@EnableEurekaServer
application.properties

#是否将自己注册到Eureka Server,默认为true
eureka.client.register-with-eureka=false
#是否从Eureka Server获取注册信息，由于单节点，不需要同步其他节点数据，用false
eureka.client.fetch-registry=false
#设置服务注册中心URL，用于client和server端交流
eureka.client.service-url.defaultZone=http://localhost:7900/eureka
#集群配置
#eureka.instance.appname=EurekaServer
#server.port=7200
#eureka.instance.hostname=euk2.com #用来查找主机地址的
#eureka.client.service-url.defaultZone=http://euk1.com:7100/eureka

pom.xml

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
</dependency>

Provider

Register–服务注册，在第一次心跳的时候提交
Renew–心跳，client向server端每30秒发起一次心跳；若90秒没有更新，则client端删除注册表实例
Fetch Registry–client从server获取注册表信息并缓存到本地
Cancel–client关闭时通知server，从server实例注册表中删除实例
Time Lag–同步时间延迟。更改传播到所有client可能需要2分钟
Communication mechanism–通讯机制。Http协议下的Rest请求，默认使用Jersey、Jackson、JSON完成节点通讯

注册

application.properties

spring.application.name=provider
server.port=80
eureka.client.service-url.defaultZone=http://euk1.com:7100/eureka

#自定义信息
#eureka.instance.metadata-map.dalao=huangkb--provider

pom.xml

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>

服务列表查看

https://github.com/Netflix/eureka/wiki/Eureka-REST-operations
http://euk1.com:7100/eureka/apps
http://euk1.com:7100/eureka/status
http://euk1.com:7100/eureka/apps/provider

Consumer

application.properties

spring.application.name=consumer
server.port=90
eureka.client.service-url.defaultZone=http://euk1.com:7100/eureka

获取服务列表信息

EurekaClient 版本

@Qualifier("eurekaClient")
@Autowired
EurekaClient client2;

@GetMapping("/client4")
public Object client4() {
    //获取单个
    //List<InstanceInfo> instances = client2.getInstancesById("localhost:provider:80");
    //获取所有
    List<InstanceInfo> instances = client2.getInstancesByVipAddress("provider", false);
    if (instances.size() > 0) {
        InstanceInfo instanceInfo = instances.get(0);
        if (instanceInfo.getStatus() == InstanceInfo.InstanceStatus.UP) {
            String url = "http://" + instanceInfo.getHostName() + ":" + instanceInfo.getPort() + "/getHi";
            System.out.println(url);
            RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
            String respStr = restTemplate.getForObject(url, String.class);
            System.out.println("respStr:" + respStr);
        }
    }
    return "client4";
}

LoadBalancerClient 版本

lb 做了负载均衡,默认过滤掉了DOWN的状态

@Autowired
LoadBalancerClient lb;

@GetMapping("/client5")
public Object client5() {
    //lb 做了负载均衡,默认过滤掉了DOWN的状态
    ServiceInstance instance = lb.choose("provider");
    //String url = "http://" + instanceInfo.getHostName() + ":" + instanceInfo.getPort() + "/getHi";
    String url = instance.getUri() + "/getHi";
    System.out.println(url);

    RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
    String respStr = restTemplate.getForObject(url, String.class);
    System.out.println("respStr:" + respStr);
    return "client5";
}

服务上下线

只是改变了服务在Eureka Service中的状态，服务下线为DOWN

/**
 * 手动操作服务上下线
 */
@Service
public class HealthStatusService implements HealthIndicator {
    public boolean getStatus() {
        return status;
    }
    public void setStatus(boolean status) {
        this.status = status;
    }
    private Boolean status = true;

    @Override
    public Health health() {
        if (status) {
            return new Health.Builder().up().build();
        }
        return new Health.Builder().down().build();
    }
}

actuator–健康上报

pom.xml

<!--节点信息上报-->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>

application.properties

#上报信息
management.endpoints.web.exposure.include=*

#允许手动关闭tomcat
management.endpoint.shutdown.enabled=true

#上报真实健康状态
eureka.client.healthcheck.enabled=true

security–安全验证

pom.xml

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-security</artifactId>
</dependency>

application.properties

#安全认证
spring.security.user.name=huangkb
spring.security.user.password=123456

关闭方式跨域攻击

@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
public class WebSecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
    @Override
    protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
        http.csrf().disable();//关闭跨域攻击
        super.configure(http);
    }
}

远程连接

eureka.client.service-url.defaultZone=http://huangkb:123456@euk1.com:7100/eureka

Ribbon

负载均衡算法

负载均衡算法–自定义

public static AtomicInteger atomicInteger = new AtomicInteger();
@GetMapping("/client7")
public Object client7() {
    List<ServiceInstance> instances = client.getInstances("provider");
    int nextInt = 0;
    //随机负载均衡
    nextInt = new Random().nextInt(instances.size());
    //轮训负载均衡
    int i = atomicInteger.getAndIncrement();
    nextInt = i % instances.size();
    //权重负载均衡
    //hash负载均衡
    ServiceInstance instance = instances.get(nextInt);
    
    String url = "http://" + instance.getHost() + ":" + instance.getPort() + "/getHi";
    System.out.println(url);

    String respStr = restTemplate.getForObject(url, String.class);
    System.out.println("respStr:" + respStr);
    return "client7";
}

负载均衡策略–自定义

//自定义负载均衡策略
@Bean
public IRule myRule() {
    //return new RoundRobinRule();//默认
    return new RandomRule();
    //return new RetryRule();
}

ribbon负载均衡配置

application.properties

#负载均衡策略
provider.ribbon.NFLoadBalancerRuleClassName=com.netflix.loadbalancer.RandomRule

ribbion直连

#直连
ribbon.eureka.enabled=false
ribbon.listOfServers=localhost:80

RestTemplate–远程服务调用

基于LoadBalanced远程

@LoadBalanced
@Bean
RestTemplate getRestTemplate() {
    return new RestTemplate();
}

@GetMapping("/client9")
public Object client9() {
    // ServiceInstance instance = lb.choose("provider");
    // String url = instance.getUri() + "/getHi";
    String url = "http://provider/getHi";
    System.out.println(url);

    String respStr = restTemplate.getForObject(url, String.class);
    System.out.println("respStr:" + respStr);
    return "client9";
}

拦截器

@LoadBalanced
@Bean
RestTemplate getRestTemplate() {
    RestTemplate restTemplate=new RestTemplate();
    restTemplate.getInterceptors().add(new LoggingClientHttpRequestInterceptor());
    return restTemplate;
}

//拦截器
public class LoggingClientHttpRequestInterceptor implements ClientHttpRequestInterceptor {
@Override
public ClientHttpResponse intercept(HttpRequest request, byte[] body, ClientHttpRequestExecution execution) throws IOException {
        System.out.println("");
        System.out.println("拦截器--拦截啦");
        System.out.println("拦截器url："+request.getURI());

        ClientHttpResponse response = execution.execute(request, body);
        System.out.println("拦截器res--"+response.getHeaders());

       return response;
   }
}

Feign–声明式服务调用

@EnableFeignClients----feign本质就是RestTemplate进一步封装

方式一

@FeignClient(name = "xxoo", url = "http://localhost:82")
public interface UserApi {
    @GetMapping("/alive")
    public String alive();
}

方式二

@FeignClient(name = "user-provider")
public interface UserApi {
    @GetMapping("/alive")
    public String alive();
}

方式三

面向接口编程，类似dubbo

UserApi 通用接口类包

@RequestMapping("/User")
public interface UserApi {
    /**
     * hello 测试
     * @return xxoo
     */
    @GetMapping("/alive")
    public String alive();
}

consumer extends UserApi 调用

@FeignClient(name = "user-provider")
public interface ConsumerApi extends UserApi {
}

@RestController
public class MainController {
    @Autowired
    ConsumerApi api;

    @GetMapping("/alive")
    public String alive() {
        return api.alive();
    }
}

provider implement UserApi 实现方法

@RestController
public class UserController implements UserApi {
    @Override
    public String alive() {
        return "xxoo";
    }
}

Hystrix–断路器

未完待续```

huang_hkb

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