由于linux的特性,linux使用内存的方式是采用vm的方式,即linux把物理内存和swap共同虚拟成
内存来对外提供,有时用户看似使用内存,可实际上是使用磁盘,那如何避免使用swap磁盘空间呢?
linux管理内存的单位是页(pages),一般情况下是4k的page,当我们使用的大内存时(>8G),管理这么大的内存
就会给系统造成很大的负担,再加上频繁的pagein/pageout,会成为系统的瓶颈,所以我们一般都要配置hugepage。
配置了之后,Linux对大页面内存的引入对减少TLB的失效效果不错,特别是内存大而密集型的程序,比如说在数据库中的使用,下面是实际的例子
说明在oracle实际库的配置方法:
mysql服务器参考:http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-hugetlbfs-and-mysql-performance.html
(1) 配置之前
[oracle@db101 ~]$ grep -i hu /proc/meminfoVmallocChunk: 34359467367 kB
HugePages_Total: 0
HugePages_Free: 0
HugePages_Rsvd: 0
Hugepagesize: 2048 kB
(2) 首先修改limits.conf
[root@db101 ~]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf 略小于总内存
##daodao add 0122
* soft memlock 15826672
* hard memlock 15826672
[oracle@db101 ~]$ ulimit -l --检查刚才的执行是否生效
15826672
(3).确定所有的oracle数据库实例都启动,包括asm实例,然后用如下脚本计算参数“vm.nr_hugepages"的大小
------------------hugepages_settings.sh----------------------------
#!/bin/bash
#
# hugepages_settings.sh
#
# Linux bash script to compute values for the
# recommended HugePages/HugeTLB configuration
#
# Note: This script does calculation for all shared memory
# segments available when the script is run, no matter it
# is an Oracle RDBMS shared memory segment or not.
#
# This script is provided by Doc ID 401749.1 from My Oracle Support
# http://support.oracle.com
# Welcome text
echo "
This script is provided by Doc ID 401749.1 from My Oracle Support
(http://support.oracle.com) where it is intended to compute values for
the recommended HugePages/HugeTLB configuration for the current shared
memory segments. Before proceeding with the execution please make sure
that:
* Oracle Database instance(s) are up and running
* Oracle Database 11g Automatic Memory Management (AMM) is not setup
(See Doc ID 749851.1)
* The shared memory segments can be listed by command:
# ipcs -m
Press Enter to proceed..."
read
# Check for the kernel version
KERN=`uname -r | awk -F. '{ printf("%d.%d\n",$1,$2); }'`
# Find out the HugePage size
HPG_SZ=`grep Hugepagesize /proc/meminfo | awk '{print $2}'`
# Initialize the counter
NUM_PG=0
# Cumulative number of pages required to handle the running shared memory segments
for SEG_BYTES in `ipcs -m | awk '{print $5}' | grep "[0-9][0-9]*"`
do
MIN_PG=`echo "$SEG_BYTES/($HPG_SZ*1024)" | bc -q`
if [ $MIN_PG -gt 0 ]; then
NUM_PG=`echo "$NUM_PG+$MIN_PG+1" | bc -q`
fi
done
RES_BYTES=`echo "$NUM_PG * $HPG_SZ * 1024" | bc -q`
# An SGA less than 100MB does not make sense
# Bail out if that is the case
if [ $RES_BYTES -lt 100000000 ]; then
echo "***********"
echo "** ERROR **"
echo "***********"
echo "Sorry! There are not enough total of shared memory segments allocated for
HugePages configuration. HugePages can only be used for shared memory segments
that you can list by command:
# ipcs -m
of a size that can match an Oracle Database SGA. Please make sure that:
* Oracle Database instance is up and running
* Oracle Database 11g Automatic Memory Management (AMM) is not configured"
exit 1
fi
# Finish with results
case $KERN in
'2.4') HUGETLB_POOL=`echo "$NUM_PG*$HPG_SZ/1024" | bc -q`;
echo "Recommended setting: vm.hugetlb_pool = $HUGETLB_POOL" ;;
'2.6') echo "Recommended setting: vm.nr_hugepages = $NUM_PG" ;;
*) echo "Unrecognized kernel version $KERN. Exiting." ;;
esac
# End
使用oracle用户执行sh脚本
[oracle@db101 ~]$ sh hugepages_settings.sh
This script is provided by Doc ID 401749.1 from My Oracle Support
(http://support.oracle.com) where it is intended to compute values for
the recommended HugePages/HugeTLB configuration for the current shared
memory segments. Before proceeding with the execution please make sure
that:
* Oracle Database instance(s) are up and running
* Oracle Database 11g Automatic Memory Management (AMM) is not setup
(See Doc ID 749851.1)
* The shared memory segments can be listed by command:
# ipcs -m
Press Enter to proceed...
Recommended setting: vm.nr_hugepages = 2562
(4)切换root用户修改sysctl.conf
[root@db101 ~]$ vi /etc/sysctl.conf
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 262144
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 262144
vm.nr_hugepages = 2562 --这一行是新加的
(5)关闭所有实例,然后重启服务器
VmallocChunk: 34359467239 kB
HugePages_Total: 2562
HugePages_Free: 2562
HugePages_Rsvd: 0
Hugepagesize: 2048 kB
hugepage已经生效