12.Dokcerfile 中CMD和ENTRYPOINT命令区别

0.CMD

1.dockerfile中创建包含CMD 命令的文件dockerfile-cmd

FROM centos
CMD ["ls","-a"]

2.通过dockerfile创建镜像

docker build -f dockerfile-cmd -t docker-cmd-test .

3.运行docker-cmd-test镜像

[root@hc dockerFiles]# docker run 21dafa26e85f
.
..
.dockerenv
bin
dev
etc
home
lib
lib64
lost+found
media
mnt
opt
proc
root
run
sbin
srv
sys
tmp
usr
var

4.如果在创建的镜像后面直接追加 -l 命令会报如下错误

[root@hc dockerFiles]# docker run 21dafa26e85f -l
docker: Error response from daemon: OCI runtime create failed: container_linux.go:367: starting container process caused: exec: "-l": executable file not found in $PATH: unknown.
ERRO[0000] error waiting for container: context canceled 

但是重新命令可以覆盖之前的命令

[root@hc dockerFiles]# docker run  21dafa26e85f  ls -al
total 56
drwxr-xr-x   1 root root 4096 May 23 03:23 .
drwxr-xr-x   1 root root 4096 May 23 03:23 ..
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root root    0 May 23 03:23 .dockerenv
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    7 Nov  3  2020 bin -> usr/bin
drwxr-xr-x   5 root root  340 May 23 03:23 dev
drwxr-xr-x   1 root root 4096 May 23 03:23 etc
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root 4096 Nov  3  2020 home
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    7 Nov  3  2020 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    9 Nov  3  2020 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwx------   2 root root 4096 Dec  4 17:37 lost+found
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root 4096 Nov  3  2020 media
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root 4096 Nov  3  2020 mnt
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root 4096 Nov  3  2020 opt
dr-xr-xr-x 161 root root    0 May 23 03:23 proc
dr-xr-x---   2 root root 4096 Dec  4 17:37 root
drwxr-xr-x  11 root root 4096 Dec  4 17:37 run
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    8 Nov  3  2020 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root 4096 Nov  3  2020 srv
dr-xr-xr-x  13 root root    0 Apr 22 08:17 sys
drwxrwxrwt   7 root root 4096 Dec  4 17:37 tmp
drwxr-xr-x  12 root root 4096 Dec  4 17:37 usr
drwxr-xr-x  20 root root 4096 Dec  4 17:37 var

1.ENTRYPOINT

1.dockerfile中创建包含CMD 命令的文件dockerfile-entrypoint

FROM centos
ENTRYPOINT["ls","-a"]

2.通过dockerfile创建镜像

docker build -f dockerfile-entrypoint -t docker-entrypoint-test .

3.运行docker-cmd-test镜像

[root@hc dockerFiles]# docker run 46808b7f9089 -l
total 56
drwxr-xr-x   1 root root 4096 May 23 03:27 .
drwxr-xr-x   1 root root 4096 May 23 03:27 ..
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root root    0 May 23 03:27 .dockerenv
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    7 Nov  3  2020 bin -> usr/bin
drwxr-xr-x   5 root root  340 May 23 03:27 dev
drwxr-xr-x   1 root root 4096 May 23 03:27 etc
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root 4096 Nov  3  2020 home
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    7 Nov  3  2020 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    9 Nov  3  2020 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwx------   2 root root 4096 Dec  4 17:37 lost+found
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root 4096 Nov  3  2020 media
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root 4096 Nov  3  2020 mnt
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root 4096 Nov  3  2020 opt
dr-xr-xr-x 162 root root    0 May 23 03:27 proc
dr-xr-x---   2 root root 4096 Dec  4 17:37 root
drwxr-xr-x  11 root root 4096 Dec  4 17:37 run
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    8 Nov  3  2020 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root 4096 Nov  3  2020 srv
dr-xr-xr-x  13 root root    0 Apr 22 08:17 sys
drwxrwxrwt   7 root root 4096 Dec  4 17:37 tmp
drwxr-xr-x  12 root root 4096 Dec  4 17:37 usr
drwxr-xr-x  20 root root 4096 Dec  4 17:37 var

总结：

1.CMD 不能追加命令
2.ENTRYPOINT 可以追加命令

3 RUN
说明：运行指定命令 格式：

RUN <command>
RUN ["executable","param1","param2"]

（RUN [“可执行文本”,“参数1”,“参数2”]） 指令会被解析为Json数组，因此必须用双引号。
实例：

RUN echo hello
RUN ["/bin/bash","-c","echo hello"]

RUN默认会在shell终端中运行命令，即/bin/sh -c
RUN ["","",""] 使用exec执行，不会启动shell环境 每条RUN指令将在当前镜像的基础上执行指定命令，并提交为新的镜像。
当命令较长时，可以使用\来换行。

4 CMD
说明：指定启动容器时默认执行的命令。格式：

CMD ["executable","param1","param2"]使用exec执行，推荐使用的方式
CMD command param1 param2 在/bin/sh中执行，提供给需要交互的应用
CMD ["param1","param2"] 提供给ENTRYPOINT的默认参数

每个Dockerfile只能有一条CMD命令，如果指定了多条命令，只有最后一条会被执行。如果用户启动容器时，手动指定了运行的命令（作为run的参数），则会覆盖掉CMD指定的命令。

5 ENTRYPOINT
指定这个容器运行时 要运行的命令，可以追加命令。