很久没写博客了,因为感觉自己了解的东西都不太透彻。然而最近在给学校做一个APP,所以先来缕清一下主要的方法。客户端安卓与JavaWeb后台之间的Json通信。
一、文字信息的传输.
安卓端代码
public static JSONArray getJsons(String url) {//传入你需要访问的地址
/********************************向后台传送Json************************************/
JSONArray Jsons = null;//创建Json对象
HttpPost request = new HttpPost(url);//创建HttpPost对象
HttpClient client=new DefaultHttpClient();//创建 DefaultHttpClient()
HttpResponse response;
try {
/*
如果要想后台传递参数的话.
JSONObject json=new JSONObject();差u币过海
json.put("name1", value1);
json.put("name2", value2);
request.setEntity(new StringEntity(json.toString()))//将Json包装成Entity实体,传送
*/
response = client.execute(request);//发送HTTP GET或HTTP POST请求,返回HttpResponse
/*****************************************接收后台返回的Json******************************************/
if(response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200){ //页面状态码,200请求成功,502未找到
String result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(),"utf-8"); //获取返回服务器端response传输的报文
//如果需要后台返回的是JsonArray参数
Jsons=new JSONArray(result);//转换成JsonArray
}
} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
catch (JSONException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
//关闭连接
if (client != null) {
client.getConnectionManager().shutdown();
}
return Jsons;
}
后台代码
//获取安卓客户端传过来的json参数
public static JSONObject getJson(HttpServletRequest req){
JSONObject Json=null;
try {
//包装request的输入流
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(
new InputStreamReader((ServletInputStream) req.getInputStream(), "utf-8"));
//缓冲字符
StringBuffer sb=new StringBuffer("");
String line;
while((line=br.readLine())!=null){
sb.append(line);
}
br.close();//关闭缓冲流
String result=sb.toString();//转换成字符
Json=new JSONObject(result);//将字符转换成Json
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return Json;
}
//服务器向安卓客户端传送jsonarray参数
public static void WriteJsons(HttpServletResponse rep,JSONArray jsons) throws IOException{
String result=jsons.toString();//将jsons转换成字符
rep.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");//设置编码
PrintWriter print=rep.getWriter();//获取response的write
print.write(result);//写入result
}
二、资源的传输
你可能需要从客户端上传音频或者图片和视频。
安卓端代码
/******************包装你需要上传的内容******************/
FormFile(File file, String name, String contentType)(这里就是模拟html <input type="file" name="name"/> contentType使用application/octet-stream就好,就是随意什么文件)
public class FormFile {
/* 上传文件的数据 */
private byte[] data;
private InputStream inStream;
private File file;
/* 文件名称 */
private String filname;
/* 请求参数名称*/
private String parameterName;
/* 内容类型 */
private String contentType = "application/octet-stream";
public FormFile(String filname, byte[] data, String parameterName, String contentType) {
this.data = data;
this.filname = filname;
this.parameterName = parameterName;
if(contentType!=null) this.contentType = contentType;
}
public FormFile(File file, String parameterName, String contentType) {
this.parameterName = parameterName;
this.file = file;
try {
this.inStream = new FileInputStream(file);
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
if(contentType!=null) this.contentType = contentType;
}
public File getFile() {
return file;
}
public InputStream getInStream() {
return inStream;
}
public byte[] getData() {
return data;
}
public String getFilname() {
return file.getName();
}
public void setFilname(String filname) {
this.filname = filname;
}
public String getParameterName() {
return parameterName;
}
public void setParameterName(String parameterName) {
this.parameterName = parameterName;
}
public String getContentType() {
return contentType;
}
public void setContentType(String contentType) {
this.contentType = contentType;
}
}
/************************工具类1***********************/
public class SocketHttpRequester {
/**
* 直接通过HTTP协议提交数据到服务器,实现如下面表单提交功能:
* <FORM METHOD=POST ACTION="http://192.168.1.101:8083/upload/servlet/UploadServlet" enctype="multipart/form-data">
<INPUT TYPE="text" NAME="name">
<INPUT TYPE="text" NAME="id">
<input type="file" name="imagefile"/>
<input type="file" name="zip"/>
</FORM>
* @param path 上传路径(注:避免使用localhost或127.0.0.1这样的路径测试,因为它会指向手机模拟器,你可以使用http://www.iteye.cn或http://192.168.1.101:8083这样的路径测试)
* @param params 请求参数 key为参数名,value为参数值
* @param file 上传文件
*/
public static boolean post(String path, Map<String, String> params, FormFile[] files) throws Exception{
final String BOUNDARY = "---------------------------7da2137580612"; //数据分隔线
final String endline = "--" + BOUNDARY + "--\r\n";//数据结束标志
int fileDataLength = 0;
for(FormFile uploadFile : files){//得到文件类型数据的总长度
StringBuilder fileExplain = new StringBuilder();
fileExplain.append("--");
fileExplain.append(BOUNDARY);
fileExplain.append("\r\n");
fileExplain.append("Content-Disposition: form-data;name=\""+ uploadFile.getParameterName()+"\";filename=\""+ uploadFile.getFilname() + "\"\r\n");
fileExplain.append("Content-Type: "+ uploadFile.getContentType()+"\r\n\r\n");
fileExplain.append("\r\n");
fileDataLength += fileExplain.length();
if(uploadFile.getInStream()!=null){
fileDataLength += uploadFile.getFile().length();
}else{
fileDataLength += uploadFile.getData().length;
}
}
StringBuilder textEntity = new StringBuilder();
for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : params.entrySet()) {//构造文本类型参数的实体数据
textEntity.append("--");
textEntity.append(BOUNDARY);
textEntity.append("\r\n");
textEntity.append("Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\""+ entry.getKey() + "\"\r\n\r\n");
textEntity.append(entry.getValue());
textEntity.append("\r\n");
}
//计算传输给服务器的实体数据总长度
int dataLength = textEntity.toString().getBytes().length + fileDataLength + endline.getBytes().length;
URL url = new URL(path);
int port = url.getPort()==-1 ? 80 : url.getPort();
Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName(url.getHost()), port);
//socket.getSendBufferSize()
OutputStream outStream = socket.getOutputStream();
//下面完成HTTP请求头的发送
String requestmethod = "POST "+ url.getPath()+" HTTP/1.1\r\n";
outStream.write(requestmethod.getBytes());
String accept = "Accept: image/gif, image/jpeg, image/pjpeg, image/pjpeg, application/x-shockwave-flash, application/xaml+xml, application/vnd.ms-xpsdocument, application/x-ms-xbap, application/x-ms-application, application/vnd.ms-excel, application/vnd.ms-powerpoint, application/msword, */*\r\n";
outStream.write(accept.getBytes());
String language = "Accept-Language: zh-CN\r\n";
outStream.write(language.getBytes());
String contenttype = "Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary="+ BOUNDARY+ "\r\n";
outStream.write(contenttype.getBytes());
String contentlength = "Content-Length: "+ dataLength + "\r\n";
outStream.write(contentlength.getBytes());
String alive = "Connection: Keep-Alive\r\n";
outStream.write(alive.getBytes());
String host = "Host: "+ url.getHost() +":"+ port +"\r\n";
outStream.write(host.getBytes());
//写完HTTP请求头后根据HTTP协议再写一个回车换行
outStream.write("\r\n".getBytes());
//把所有文本类型的实体数据发送出来
outStream.write(textEntity.toString().getBytes());
//把所有文件类型的实体数据发送出来
for(FormFile uploadFile : files){
StringBuilder fileEntity = new StringBuilder();
fileEntity.append("--");
fileEntity.append(BOUNDARY);
fileEntity.append("\r\n");
fileEntity.append("Content-Disposition: form-data;name=\""+ uploadFile.getParameterName()+"\";filename=\""+ uploadFile.getFilname() + "\"\r\n");
fileEntity.append("Content-Type: "+ uploadFile.getContentType()+"\r\n\r\n");
outStream.write(fileEntity.toString().getBytes());
if(uploadFile.getInStream()!=null){
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len = 0;
while((len = uploadFile.getInStream().read(buffer, 0, 1024))!=-1){
outStream.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
uploadFile.getInStream().close();
}else{
outStream.write(uploadFile.getData(), 0, uploadFile.getData().length);
}
outStream.write("\r\n".getBytes());
}
//下面发送数据结束标志,表示数据已经结束
outStream.write(endline.getBytes());
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));
String s=reader.readLine();
//成功返回的是"http 200 ok" 艹!
// if(s.indexOf("200")==1){//读取web服务器返回的数据,判断请求码是否为200,如果不是200,代表请求失败
if( s.contains("200")){
outStream.flush();
outStream.close();
reader.close();
socket.close();
return true;
}
outStream.flush();
outStream.close();
reader.close();
socket.close();
return false;
}
/**
* 提交数据到服务器
* @param path 上传路径(注:避免使用localhost或127.0.0.1这样的路径测试,因为它会指向手机模拟器,你可以使用http://192.168.1.10:8080这样的路径测试)
* @param params 请求参数 key为参数名,value为参数值
* @param file 上传文件
*/
public static boolean post(String path, Map<String, String> params, FormFile file) throws Exception{
return post(path, params, new FormFile[]{file});
}
}
使用实例
//包装
String requestUrl=MyUrlUtil.UpLoadUrl;//服务器地址
FormFile formfile =
new FormFile(file,"image","application/octet-stream");
//参数
Map<String,String> params=new HashMap<String,String>();
params.put("name", value);
//上传
SocketHttpRequester.post(requestUrl, params, formfile);
后台端代码
File file=(File)request.getAttribute("name")(这里的name就是客户端FormFile中的name参数)
获取传递过来的参数
String Parma=request.getParameter("参数名");
这样就获取到的传过来的文件
然后将File写入本地,比如是jpg图片,写入***.jpg文件中