几个常见的例子加深一下大家对广播的理解和应用:
1.开机启动服务
我们经常会有这样的应用场合,比如消息推送服务,需要实现开机启动的功能。要实现这个功能,我们就可以订阅系统“启动完成”这条广播,接收到这条广播后我们就可以启动自己的服务了。我们来看一下BootCompleteReceiver和MsgPushService的具体实现:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
|
package
com.scott.receiver;
import
android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import
android.content.Context;
import
android.content.Intent;
import
android.util.Log;
public
class
BootCompleteReceiver
extends
BroadcastReceiver {
private
static
final
String TAG =
"BootCompleteReceiver"
;
@Override
public
void
onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
Intent service =
new
Intent(context, MsgPushService.
class
);
context.startService(service);
Log.i(TAG,
"Boot Complete. Starting MsgPushService..."
);
}
}
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
|
package
com.scott.receiver;
import
android.app.Service;
import
android.content.Intent;
import
android.os.IBinder;
import
android.util.Log;
public
class
MsgPushService
extends
Service {
private
static
final
String TAG =
"MsgPushService"
;
@Override
public
void
onCreate() {
super
.onCreate();
Log.i(TAG,
"onCreate called."
);
}
@Override
public
int
onStartCommand(Intent intent,
int
flags,
int
startId) {
Log.i(TAG,
"onStartCommand called."
);
return
super
.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);
}
@Override
public
IBinder onBind(Intent arg0) {
return
null
;
}
}
|
然后我们需要在AndroidManifest.xml中配置相关信息:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
|
<!-- 开机广播接受者 -->
<receiver android:name=
".BootCompleteReceiver"
>
<intent-filter>
<!-- 注册开机广播地址-->
<action android:name=
"android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED"
/>
<category android:name=
"android.intent.category.DEFAULT"
/>
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
<!-- 消息推送服务 -->
<service android:name=
".MsgPushService"
/>
|
我们看到BootCompleteReceiver注册了“android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED”这个开机广播地址,从安全角度考虑,系统要求必须声明接收开机启动广播的权限,于是我们再声明使用下面的权限:
1
|
<
uses-permission
android:name
=
"android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED"
/>
|
经过上面的几个步骤之后,我们就完成了开机启动的功能,将应用运行在模拟器上,然后重启模拟器,控制台打印如下:
如果我们查看已运行的服务就会发现,MsgPushService已经运行起来了。
2.网络状态变化
在某些场合,比如用户浏览网络信息时,网络突然断开,我们要及时地提醒用户网络已断开。要实现这个功能,我们可以接收网络状态改变这样一条广播,当由连接状态变为断开状态时,系统就会发送一条广播,我们接收到之后,再通过网络的状态做出相应的操作。下面就来实现一下这个功能:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
|
package
com.scott.receiver;
import
android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import
android.content.Context;
import
android.content.Intent;
import
android.net.ConnectivityManager;
import
android.net.NetworkInfo;
import
android.util.Log;
import
android.widget.Toast;
public
class
NetworkStateReceiver
extends
BroadcastReceiver {
private
static
final
String TAG =
"NetworkStateReceiver"
;
@Override
public
void
onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
Log.i(TAG,
"network state changed."
);
if
(!isNetworkAvailable(context)) {
Toast.makeText(context,
"network disconnected!"
,
0
).show();
}
}
/**
* 网络是否可用
*
* @param context
* @return
*/
public
static
boolean
isNetworkAvailable(Context context) {
ConnectivityManager mgr = (ConnectivityManager) context.getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
NetworkInfo[] info = mgr.getAllNetworkInfo();
if
(info !=
null
) {
for
(
int
i =
0
; i < info.length; i++) {
if
(info[i].getState() == NetworkInfo.State.CONNECTED) {
return
true
;
}
}
}
return
false
;
}
}
|
再注册一下这个接收者的信息:
1
2
3
4
5
6
|
<receiver android:name=
".NetworkStateReceiver"
>
<intent-filter>
<action android:name=
"android.net.conn.CONNECTIVITY_CHANGE"
/>
<category android:name=
"android.intent.category.DEFAULT"
/>
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
|
因为在isNetworkAvailable方法中我们使用到了网络状态相关的API,所以需要声明相关的权限才行,下面就是对应的权限声明:
1
|
<
uses-permission
android:name
=
"android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE"
/>
|
我们可以测试一下,比如关闭WiFi,看看有什么效果。
3.电量变化
如果我们阅读软件,可能是全屏阅读,这个时候用户就看不到剩余的电量,我们就可以为他们提供电量的信息。要想做到这一点,我们需要接收一条电量变化的广播,然后获取百分比信息,这听上去挺简单的,我们就来实现以下:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
|
package
com.scott.receiver;
import
android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import
android.content.Context;
import
android.content.Intent;
import
android.os.BatteryManager;
import
android.util.Log;
public
class
BatteryChangedReceiver
extends
BroadcastReceiver {
private
static
final
String TAG =
"BatteryChangedReceiver"
;
@Override
public
void
onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
int
currLevel = intent.getIntExtra(BatteryManager.EXTRA_LEVEL,
0
);
//当前电量
int
total = intent.getIntExtra(BatteryManager.EXTRA_SCALE,
1
);
//总电量
int
percent = currLevel *
100
/ total;
Log.i(TAG,
"battery: "
+ percent +
"%"
);
}
}
|
然后再注册一下广播接地址信息就可以了:
1
2
3
4
5
6
|
<
receiver
android:name
=
".BatteryChangedReceiver"
>
<
intent-filter
>
<
action
android:name
=
"android.intent.action.BATTERY_CHANGED"
/>
<
category
android:name
=
"android.intent.category.DEFAULT"
/>
</
intent-filter
>
</
receiver
>
|
当然,有些时候我们是要立即获取电量的,而不是等电量变化的广播,比如当阅读软件打开时立即显示出电池电量。我们可以按以下方式获取:
1
2
3
4
5
6
|
Intent batteryIntent = getApplicationContext().registerReceiver(
null
,
new
IntentFilter(Intent.ACTION_BATTERY_CHANGED));
int
currLevel = batteryIntent.getIntExtra(BatteryManager.EXTRA_LEVEL,
0
);
int
total = batteryIntent.getIntExtra(BatteryManager.EXTRA_SCALE,
1
);
int
percent = currLevel *
100
/ total;
Log.i(
"battery"
,
"battery: "
+ percent +
"%"
);
|