leetcode 371. Sum of Two Integers

Calculate the sum of two integers a and b, but you are not allowed to use the operator + and -.

Example:
Given a = 1 and b = 2, return 3.

这道题就让我们看看大神们的方法吧！

public int getSum(int a, int b) {
     if(b == 0){//没有进位的时候完成运算
        return a;
    }
    int sum,carry;
    sum = a^b;//完成第一步加法的运算
    carry = (a&b)<<1;//完成第二步进位并且左移运算
    return getSum(sum,carry);//
}

这个思路大概类似于将0010和0011做加法，利用异或得到和，因为1+0=1，而1^0=1；0+0=0，1+1=0，而0^0=0，1^1=0，进位的话可以用&(与运算)，对于1+0和0+0，没有进位，正好1&0=0，0&0=0，而1+1的进位为1，正好1&1=1。当然还要记得进位左移1位。

有大神甚至连同减法也顺便做了一下：

// Iterative
public int getSum(int a, int b) {
	if (a == 0) return b;
	if (b == 0) return a;

	while (b != 0) {
		int carry = a & b;
		a = a ^ b;
		b = carry << 1;
	}
	
	return a;
}

// Iterative
public int getSubtract(int a, int b) {
	while (b != 0) {
		int borrow = (~a) & b;
		a = a ^ b;
		b = borrow << 1;
	}
	
	return a;
}

按道理说负数是取反加一啊，而且a是被除数，为什么是(~a)&b呢？有人提出了相同的疑惑。

8

W

 

Wayne3223 

Reputation:    8

In the getSubtract method, why int borrow = (~a) & b instead of int borrow = ((~a)+1) & b;

10 months ago reply quote 

这时就有人给出了完美的解释

7

S

 

SanD 

 @Wayne3223

Reputation:    66

@Wayne3223
It depends whether 'a' is the minuend(被除数) or subtrahend(除数).
i.e. difference = minuend - subtrahend.

If you write it as "2-3", and see 'a' as 3, and 'b' as 2. then the formula should be
borrow = ((~a)+1) & b;

See an example here. When b becomes 0, a = -1.
a = 3
b = 2

a = 0011
b = 0010

borrow = 1101 & 0010 = 0001
a = 0001
b = 0010

borrow = 1111 & 0010 = 0010
a = 0011
b = 0100

borrow = 1101 & 0100 = 0100
a = 0111
b = 1000

borrow = 1001 & 1000 = 1000
a = 1111
b = 0000

so a = -1;

However, if you write it as just "3 - 2", and take 'a' as 3 and 'b' as 2, then formula for borrow is
borrow = (~a) & b;

See an example below.
subtract 2 from 3.
a = 3
b = 2

a = 0011
b = 0010

borrow = 1100 & 0010 = 0000
a = 0001
b = 0000

a = 1;

So I believe it depends on the position of a.
If it is a - b then borrow = (~a) & b;
else if it is b - a then borrow = ((~a)+1) & b; or (~b) & a;
Honestly, I prefer the former one.
Correct me if anything is wrong here.

10 months ago reply quote
 

大体意思就是说取决于a是被除数还是除数。如果是a-b，就是(~a)&b。如果是b-a，就是(-a+1)&b。