0 概述
在实际工作中,我通常使用maven 来管理项目。本文就自己在实际工作中遇到的相关问题做个简单总结。
1. 如何合理管理依赖jar包的版本
由于一个实际应用可能包含多个模块,不同的模块可能会引入相同的jar包,如果采用每个模块单独管理自己依赖jar包,就会导致升级jar包时候需要修改多处,而且容易遗漏。采用dependencyManagement 来管理 dependencies与dependencyManagement的区别。
下面给出实际Demo,dependencyManagement ,值得强调的是:dependencyManagement里只是声明依赖,并不实现引入,因此子项目需要显示的声明需要用的依赖。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.hsc.study</groupId>
<artifactId>java-web</artifactId>
<packaging>pom</packaging>
<version>1.0.0</version>
<modules>
<module>web</module>
<module>webTest</module>
</modules>
<properties>
<spring.version>4.0.6.RELEASE</spring.version>
</properties>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
</project>
子项目依赖,可以看出版本在父pom中统一管理
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>java-web</artifactId>
<groupId>com.hsc.study</groupId>
<version>1.0.0</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>webTest</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
2. 如何指定编译JDK 版本
有些依赖jar包必须要求JDK在1.8以及以上(比如ElasticSearch 5.0)
在父pom 添加如下配置。
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.6.1</version>
<configuration>
<source>1.8</source>
<target>1.8</target>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
3. 如何处理jar冲突问题
使用如下命令查看相关冲突,使用<
exclusion>排除相关依赖,排除时候一定要小心,有可能会运行时候报错。
mvn package dependency:tree -Dverbose
<dependency>
<groupId>org.elasticsearch</groupId>
<artifactId>elasticsearch</artifactId>
<version>5.0.0</version>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>joda-time</groupId>
<artifactId>joda-time</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>