显然,Animal设计为抽象类更合适,Animal不需要能够实例化,是专门作基类使用的。改造程序,使Animal设计为抽象类,这时main()函数中p = new Animal();将出错,将此行删除。
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
class Animal
{
public:
virtual void cry() = 0;
};
class Mouse:public Animal
{
public:
Mouse(string n,char s):name(n),sex(s){};
virtual void cry()
{
cout<<"我叫"<<name<<", 是一只"<<((sex=='m')?"男":"女")<<"老鼠,我的叫声是:吱吱吱"<<endl;
}
private:
string name;
char sex;
};
class Cat:public Animal
{
public:
Cat(string n):name(n){}
virtual void cry()
{
cout<<"我叫"<<name<<",是一只猫, 我的叫声是:喵喵喵"<<endl;
}
private:
string name;
};
class Dog:public Animal
{
public:
Dog(string n):name(n){}
virtual void cry()
{
cout<<"我叫"<<name<<",是一只狗, 我的叫声是:汪汪汪"<<endl;
}
private:
string name;
};
class Giraffe:public Animal
{
public:
Giraffe(string n,char s):name(n),sex(s){}
virtual void cry()
{
cout<<"我叫"<<name<<", 是一只"<<((sex=='m')?"男":"女")<<"长颈鹿,我的脖子太长发不出声音来!"<<endl;
}
private:
string name;
char sex;
};
int main( ){
Animal *p;
Mouse m1("Jerry",'m');
p=&m1;
p->cry();
Mouse m2("Jemmy",'f');
p=&m2;
p->cry();
Cat c1("Tom");
p=&c1;
p->cry();
Dog d1("Droopy");
p=&d1;
p->cry();
Giraffe g1("Gill",'m');
p=&g1;
p->cry();
return 0;
}
每一个Animal的派生类都有一个“名字”数据成员,这一共有的成员完全可以由基类提供改造上面的程序,将这一数据成员作为抽象类Animal数据成员被各派生类使用。
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
class Animal
{
public:
Animal(string n):name(n){}
virtual void cry() = 0;
protected:
string name;
};
class Mouse:public Animal
{
public:
Mouse(string n,char s):Animal(n),sex(s){};
virtual void cry()
{
cout<<"我叫"<<name<<", 是一只"<<((sex=='m')?"男":"女")<<"老鼠,我的叫声是:吱吱吱"<<endl;
}
private:
char sex;
};
class Cat:public Animal
{
public:
Cat(string n):Animal(n){}
virtual void cry()
{
cout<<"我叫"<<name<<",是一只猫, 我的叫声是:喵喵喵"<<endl;
}
};
class Dog:public Animal
{
public:
Dog(string n):Animal(n){}
virtual void cry()
{
cout<<"我叫"<<name<<",是一只狗, 我的叫声是:汪汪汪"<<endl;
}
};
class Giraffe:public Animal
{
public:
Giraffe(string n,char s):Animal(n),sex(s){}
virtual void cry()
{
cout<<"我叫"<<name<<", 是一只"<<((sex=='m')?"男":"女")<<"长颈鹿,我的脖子太长发不出声音来!"<<endl;
}
private:
char sex;
};
int main( ){
Animal *p;
Mouse m1("Jerry",'m');
p=&m1;
p->cry();
Mouse m2("Jemmy",'f');
p=&m2;
p->cry();
Cat c1("Tom");
p=&c1;
p->cry();
Dog d1("Droopy");
p=&d1;
p->cry();
Giraffe g1("Gill",'m');
p=&g1;
p->cry();
return 0;
}