CentOS7.6安装Oracle12cRelease2

1. 简介

本文介绍如何在CentOS7.6上安装Oracle Database 12c Release 2

1.1 环境介绍

• 软件相关

软件	版本	备注
本地操作系统	Win10	ip：192.168.1.1
虚拟机操作系统	CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core)	ip:192.168.1.14 内存2.8G swap 2G
Oracle	Oracle Database 12c Release 2	linux版本
MobaXterm	MobaXterm_Personal_12.3	用于在本地启动Xserver

2. 软件下载

2.1 Oracle下载

下载途径	地址
官方下载	https://www.oracle.com/database/technologies/oracle12c-linux-12201-downloads.html
百度云盘	https://pan.baidu.com/s/1zmAxc-qI3GNjOYe4UUF67A

• 官方下载介绍
  浏览其中打开官方下载地址，点击文件名称进行下载，如下图所示
  

2.2 MobaXterm下载

Oracle安装过程中需要将服务器（192.168.1.14）的图形界面显示到本地（192.168.1.1），本地需要启动Xserver用于显示服务器传过来的图形界面，MobaXterm提供了简单易用的Xserver启动方式

下载途径	地址
官方下载	https://mobaxterm.mobatek.net/download-home-edition.html
百度云盘	https://pan.baidu.com/s/1r9jpp5IYmxXpKfC71B7Q3Q

• 官方下载介绍

  浏览其中打开官方下载地址，点击左边的便携包进行下载，如下图所示
  

2.3 软件验证

使用oracle用户操作
将下载的oracle安装包linuxx64_12201_database.zip上传到虚拟机192.168.1.14的/home/oracle目录下

# 上传完成后，查看软件包
[oracle@localhost ~]$ pwd
/home/oracle
[oracle@localhost ~]$ ll
总用量 3372752
-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 3453696911 10月 31 23:28 linuxx64_12201_database.zip

# 验证软件包是否完整
[oracle@localhost ~]$ cksum linuxx64_12201_database.zip 
4170261901 3453696911 linuxx64_12201_database.zip
# 返回信息中第一个值为cksum，第二个值为文件大小
# 与从官方下载时，页面上的cksum和bytes进行比较，一致则说明软件包没问题

3. 安装前准备

3.1 依赖包安装

安装oracle依赖的linux软件包，下面的命令不一定全，不过不用担心安装oracle的时候有检查，到时候检查出来的单独安装即可

# oracle安装需要
yum install -y compat-libcap1 libstdc++-devel sysstat gcc-c++ ksh libaio-devel smartmontools net-tools
# 解压用
yum install -y unzip 
# 显示到本地用
yum install -y xdpyinfo

3.2 内核参数设置

创建文件/etc/sysctl.d/97-oracledatabase-sysctl.conf

vim /etc/sysctl.d/97-oracledatabase-sysctl.conf

97-oracledatabase-sysctl.conf内容如下

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 4294967295
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

执行下面命令使配置生效

# 应用配置
/sbin/sysctl --system
# 使用以下命令确认
/sbin/sysctl -a

3.3 用户和组创建

# 创建组oinstall,组id:54321
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54321 oinstall
# 查看组
grep oinstall /etc/group

# 用户创建oracle,用户id:54321,属于oinstall组
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 54321 -g oinstall oracle
# 修改oracle用户密码
passwd oracle
# 输入两次密码，我设置的为oracle

3.4 系统资源参数

3.4.1 资源限制配置

安装用户oracle资源限制官方建议范围

资源中文描述	资源	Soft Limit	Hard Limit
文件描述符	nofile	at least 1024	at least 65536
进程	nproc	at least 2047	at least 16384
进程堆栈段的大小	stack	at least 10240 KB	at least 10240 KB, and at most 32768 KB

使用root操作

# 编辑limits.conf文件
vim /etc/security/limits.conf 
# 添加如下内容，对oracle用户资源限制进行配置
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft stack 10240
oracle hard stack 32768

3.4.2 资源限制检查

使用oracle用户操作

# 检查 soft nofile，soft nproc，soft stack
[oracle@localhost ~]$ ulimit -Sn -Su -Ss
open files                      (-n) 1024
max user processes              (-u) 2047
stack size              (kbytes, -s) 10240

# 检查 hard nofile，hard nproc，hard stack
[oracle@localhost ~]$ ulimit -Hn -Hu -Hs
open files                      (-n) 65536
max user processes              (-u) 16384
stack size              (kbytes, -s) 32768

3.5 启动Xserver

解压我们下载MobaXterm_Portable_v12.3.zip，进入解压后文件双击MobaXterm_Personal_12.3.exe进行启动，启动后界面如下图

依次点击Settings->X11，将X11 remote access改为full，最后点击OK,如下图所示

点击右上角的Xserver进行启动

启动后Xserver图标会出现彩虹颜色

4. 安装

使用oracle账号登入或者通过su - oracle切换到oracle账号下，我是通过oracle账号直接登入操作的，

4.1 解压安装

# 解压
[oracle@localhost ~]$ unzip linuxx64_12201_database.zip 
# 设置回显到本地,(此处我win10本地ip为192.168.1.1)
[oracle@localhost ~]$ export DISPLAY=192.168.1.1:0.0
# 设置语言为英文，中文有乱码（也可以自己寻找中文方式，此处使用英文安装）
[oracle@localhost ~]$ export LANG=en_US.UTF-8
# 启动,如果没有什么意外的话，本地会弹出oracle安装图形界面
# 请确保已完成3.1中xdpyinfo包安装
./database/runInstaller

去除I wish ...勾选状态（不接收安全更新提醒邮件）,然后点击next

在弹出的提示框中选择Yes

保持默认（创建并配置一个数据库），点击Next

选择server版本，点击Next

保持默认的单实例数据库安装，点击Next

保持默认的标准安装，点击Next

为所有用户设置默认密码（我设置密码的为oracle），去除Create as Container database（12C开始提供一个实例多db的支持，此处是用于做测试，不使用此新特性。如果勾选此选项，创建出来的数据库在创建用户时需以c##开头。），点击Next

在弹出的提示框选择Yes

保持默认，点击Next

如过检查出了Swap没有通过，可以直接忽略掉，点击Next

在弹出的提示框选择Yes

点击Install开始安装

安装过程中会提示需要用root执行两个脚本，

另起一个root账号登入的终端，执行上面两个脚本

# 执行第一个脚本
[root@localhost ~]# /home/oracle/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh 
Changing permissions of /home/oracle/app/oraInventory.
Adding read,write permissions for group.
Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.

Changing groupname of /home/oracle/app/oraInventory to oinstall.
The execution of the script is complete.

# 执行第二个脚本
[root@localhost ~]# /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh 
Performing root user operation.

The following environment variables are set as:
    ORACLE_OWNER= oracle
    ORACLE_HOME=  /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1

Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]: 
# 保持默认回车
   Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...
   Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
   Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...

Creating /etc/oratab file...
Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
Finished running generic part of root script.
Now product-specific root actions will be performed.
Do you want to setup Oracle Trace File Analyzer (TFA) now ? yes|[no] : 
# 输入yes
yes
Installing Oracle Trace File Analyzer (TFA).
Log File: /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/install/root_localhost.localdomain_2019-11-01_00-04-37-956550738.log
Finished installing Oracle Trace File Analyzer (TFA)

执行完两个脚本后，点击OK即可

经过十几分钟的安装，最终出现以下界面提示安装成功，然后点击关闭即可

4.2 登入测试

4.2.1 设置环境变量

配置ORACLE_HOME，并将ORACLE_HOME/bin添加到PATH中
oracle用户操作

# 编辑.bash_profile
[oracle@localhost ~]$ vim .bash_profile

在.bash_profile结尾添加如下配置

ORACLE_HOME=/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1
ORACLE_SID=orcl
PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export PATH ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID

执行下面命令使配置生效

[oracle@localhost ~]$ source .bash_profile

4.2.2 登入

# 用systemy用户登入，如果配置了ORACLE_SID环境变量，最后面的@orcl可以省略
[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus system/oracle@orcl

SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Fri Nov 1 00:30:01 2019

Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Last Successful login time: Fri Nov 01 2019 00:29:10 +08:00

Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
# 查看前四个用户名
SQL> select username from dba_users where rownum<5 ;

USERNAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SYS
AUDSYS
SYSTEM
SYSBACKUP

启动与关闭

关闭

• 关闭数据库

# 使用sys以sysdba角色登入
[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus sys/oracle@orcl as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Fri Nov 1 22:20:49 2019

Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
# 停止数据库
SQL> shutdown
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
# 退出SQL，返回到shell
SQL> quit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

• 关闭监听

[oracle@localhost ~]$ lsnrctl stop

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on 01-NOV-2019 22:24:30

Copyright (c) 1991, 2016, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521)))
The command completed successfully

启动

1. 配置监听

配置listener.ora，默认安装完成后listener.ora内容如下

# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
    )
  )  

没有我们安装数据库实例orcl的监听需要添加以下内容

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
  (SID_DESC =
  (GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl)
  (SID_NAME = orcl)
  )
)

添加完成后截图如下

2. 启动监听

[oracle@localhost ~]$ lsnrctl start

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on 01-NOV-2019 22:31:20

Copyright (c) 1991, 2016, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Starting /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...

TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production
System parameter file is /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /home/oracle/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/localhost/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521)))
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date                01-NOV-2019 22:31:20
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /home/oracle/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/localhost/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "orcl" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "orcl", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully

3. 启动数据库

# 使用sys以sysdba角色登入
[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus sys/oracle@orcl as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Fri Nov 1 22:32:18 2019

Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.
# 启动数据库
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  763363328 bytes
Fixed Size		    8797440 bytes
Variable Size		  620757760 bytes
Database Buffers	  125829120 bytes
Redo Buffers		    7979008 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
# 退出
SQL> quit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

启动简洁方式

参照CentOS7.6设置Oracle12cRelease2开机启动

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参考列表

官方安装文档html版：https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/12.2/ladbi/index.html
官方安装文档pdf版：https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/12.2/ladbi/database-installation-guide-linux.pdf
Oracle关闭/启动：https://www.cnblogs.com/muhehe/p/7944887.html