文章目录
自主学习：Docker
笔记编写者：房佳亮
学习视频：Bilibili遇见狂神说
Docker的常用命令
1、帮助命令
docker version #显示docker的版本信息。
docker info #显示docker的系统信息，包括镜像和容器的数量
docker 命令 --help #帮助命令
帮助文档的地址：https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/build/
2、镜像命令
docker images #查看所有本地主机上的镜像 可以使用docker image ls代替
docker search 搜索镜像
docker pull 下载镜像 docker image pull
docker rmi 删除镜像 docker image rm
（1）docker images
[root@iZ2zeefmdpadf6fxudttltZ ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hello-world latest bf756fb1ae65 10 months ago 13.3kB
可选项Options:
-a, --all Show all images (default hides intermediate images) #列出所有镜像
-q, --quiet Only show numeric IDs # 只显示镜像的id
# 解释
#REPOSITORY # 镜像的仓库源
#TAG # 镜像的标签
#IMAGE ID # 镜像的id
#CREATED # 镜像的创建时间
#SIZE # 镜像的大小
[root@iZ2zeefmdpadf6fxudttltZ ~]# docker images -aq
bf756fb1ae65
（2）docker search 搜索镜像
[root@iZ2zeefmdpadf6fxudttltZ ~]# docker search mysql
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql …… 10139 [OK]
mariadb …… 3734 [OK]
# --filter=STARS=3000 #搜索出来的镜像就是STARS大于3000的
Options:
-f, --filter filter Filter output based on conditions provided
--format string Pretty-print search using a Go template
--limit int Max number of search results (default 25)
--no-trunc Don't truncate output
[root@iZ2zeefmdpadf6fxudttltZ ~]# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=3000
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 9500 [OK]
mariadb MariaDB is a community-developed fork of MyS… 3444 [OK]
（2）docker pull 下载镜像
[root@iZ2zeefmdpadf6fxudttltZ ~]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest # 如果不写tag，默认就是latest
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
bb79b6b2107f: Pull complete # 分层下载，Docker images的核心 联合文件系统
49e22f6fb9f7: Pull complete
842b1255668c: Pull complete
9f48d1f43000: Pull complete
c693f0615bce: Pull complete
8a621b9dbed2: Pull complete
0807d32aef13: Pull complete
a56aca0feb17: Pull complete
de9d45fd0f07: Pull complete
1d68a49161cc: Pull complete
d16d318b774e: Pull complete
49e112c55976: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:8c17271df53ee3b843d6e16d46cff13f22c9c04d6982eb15a9a47bd5c9ac7e2d # 签名
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest # 真实地址
# 这两个等价
docker pull docker.io/library/mysql:latest
docker pull mysql
# 指定版本下载
[root@iZ2zeefmdpadf6fxudttltZ ~]# docker pull mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
bb79b6b2107f: Already exists # Already exists 表示以前已经有了不需要重新下载
49e22f6fb9f7: Already exists
842b1255668c: Already exists
9f48d1f43000: Already exists
c693f0615bce: Already exists
8a621b9dbed2: Already exists
0807d32aef13: Already exists
f15d42f48bd9: Pull complete
098ceecc0c8d: Pull complete
b6fead9737bc: Pull complete
351d223d3d76: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:4d2b34e99c14edb99cdd95ddad4d9aa7ea3f2c4405ff0c3509a29dc40bcb10ef
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7
[root@iZ2zeefmdpadf6fxudttltZ ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
mysql 5.7 1b12f2e9257b 2 weeks ago 448MB
centos latest 0d120b6ccaa8 3 months ago 215MB
hello-world latest bf756fb1ae65 10 months ago 13.3kB
（3）docker rmi 删除镜像
docker rmi -f 镜像id #删除指定的镜像
docker rmi -f 镜像id 镜像id 镜像id 镜像id#删除指定的镜像
docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq) #删除全部的镜像
3、容器命令
说明：我们有了镜像才可以创建容器，Linux，下砸一个CentOS镜像来测试学习
docker pull centos
（1）新建容器并启动
docker run [可选参数] image
# 参数说明
--name="Name" 容器名字。tomcat01、tomcat02，用来区分容器。
-d 后台方式运行
-it 使用交互方式运行，进入容器查看内容
-p 指定容器端口
-p ip:主机端口:容器端口
-p 主机端口:容器端口（常用） -p 8080:8080
-p 容器端口
容器端口
-P 随机指定端口
# 测试、启动并进入容器
[root@iZ2zeefmdpadf6fxudttltZ ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@665d5bc12263 /]# ls # 查看容器内的centos，基础版本，很多命令都是不完善的
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
[root@665d5bc12263 /]# exit # 从容器中退回到主机
exit
[root@iZ2zeefmdpadf6fxudttltZ ~]# ls # 由于我没有进入到根目录，所以ls显示空
[root@iZ2zeefmdpadf6fxudttltZ ~]# cd ../
[root@iZ2zeefmdpadf6fxudttltZ /]# ls
bin boot dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt patch proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var www
[root@iZ2zeefmdpadf6fxudttltZ /]#
（2）列出所有运行中的容器
# docker ps 命令
# 列出当前正在运行的容器
-a # 列出当前正在运行的容器+顺带带出历史运行的
-n=? # 显示最近创建的容器
-q # 只显示容器的编号
[root@iZ2zeefmdpadf6fxudttltZ ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@iZ2zeefmdpadf6fxudttltZ /]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS ……
665d5bc12263 centos "/bin/bash" 6 minutes ago Exited (0) 3 minutes ago
9b6018ba72d0 hello-world "/hello" 20 hours ago Exited (0) 20 hours ago
[root@iZ2zeefmdpadf6fxudttltZ ~]# docker ps -a -n=1
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS ……
665d5bc12263 centos "/bin/bash" 29 hours ago Exited (0) 28 hours ago
[root@iZ2zeefmdpadf6fxudttltZ ~]# docker ps -aq
665d5bc12263
9b6018ba72d0
（3）退出容器
exit # 直接退出容器
Ctrl+P+Q #容器不停止退出
[root@iZ2zeefmdpadf6fxudttltZ ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS
[root@iZ2zeefmdpadf6fxudttltZ ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@bbaf93b380da /]# (ctrl+p+q)
[root@iZ2zeefmdpadf6fxudttltZ ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS
bbaf93b380da centos "/bin/bash" 16 seconds ago Up 15 seconds
[root@iZ2zeefmdpadf6fxudttltZ ~]#
（4）删除容器
docker rm 容器id # 删除指定的容器、不能删除正在运行的容器，如果要强制删除 rm -f
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) # 删除所有的容器
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm # 删除所有的容器
（5）启动和停止容器的操作
docker start 容器id # 启动容器
docker restart 容器id # 重启容器
docker stop 容器id # 停止当前正在运行的容器
docker kill 容器id # 强制停止当前容器
[root@iZ2zeefmdpadf6fxudttltZ ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@baff0b154819 /]# exit
exit
[root@iZ2zeefmdpadf6fxudttltZ ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS
baff0b154819 centos "/bin/bash" 13 seconds ago Exited (0) 8 seconds ago
[root@iZ2zeefmdpadf6fxudttltZ ~]# docker start baff0b154819
baff0b154819
[root@iZ2zeefmdpadf6fxudttltZ ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS
baff0b154819 centos "/bin/bash" 39 seconds ago Up 8 seconds
[root@iZ2zeefmdpadf6fxudttltZ ~]# docker stop baff0b154819
baff0b154819
[root@iZ2zeefmdpadf6fxudttltZ ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS
[root@iZ2zeefmdpadf6fxudttltZ ~]#
4、其他常用命令
（1）后台启动容器
# 命令 docker run -d 镜像名
[root@iZ2zeefmdpadf6fxudttltZ ~]# docker run -d centos
d425572201807fb4cb2da091e2de3b5c56826767a85e0f4fd435d5cd08d8e1c1
[root@iZ2zeefmdpadf6fxudttltZ ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS
[root@iZ2zeefmdpadf6fxudttltZ ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS
d42557220180 centos "/bin/bash" 7 seconds ago Exited (0) 7 seconds ago
# 问题：docker ps 发现 centos停止了？？？
# 常见的坑：docker 容器使用后台运行必须要有一个前台进程，docker发现没有应用，就会自动停止。
# 也就是说，容器启动后（例如nginx），发现自己没有提供服务，就会立刻停止，就是没有程序了。
（2）查看日志命令
docker logs ~
Options:
--details Show extra details provided to logs
-f, --follow Follow log output
--since string Show logs since timestamp (e.g. 2013-01-02T13:23:37) or relative (e.g. 42m for 42 minutes)
--tail string Number of lines to show from the end of the logs (default "all")
-t, --timestamps Show timestamps
--until string Show logs before a timestamp (e.g. 2013-01-02T13:23:37) or relative (e.g. 42m for 42 minutes)
docker logs -f -t --tail 10 7c412c900499 #没有日志
# 自己写一段shell脚本
docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo fangjialiang; sleep 1;done"
[root@iZ2zeefmdpadf6fxudttltZ ~]# docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo fangjialiang; sleep 1;done"
9af89c717ff9e459800279804d451f90ccc96b2ff2a4e23d9a65b351db9b332c
[root@iZ2zeefmdpadf6fxudttltZ ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS
9af89c717ff9 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 6 seconds ago Up 6 seconds
[root@iZ2zeefmdpadf6fxudttltZ ~]# docker logs -f -t --tail 10 9af89c717ff9
2020-11-11T07:20:17.646834699Z fangjialiang
2020-11-11T07:20:18.649087238Z fangjialiang
2020-11-11T07:20:19.651266494Z fangjialiang
2020-11-11T07:20:20.653533031Z fangjialiang
2020-11-11T07:20:21.655860947Z fangjialiang
2020-11-11T07:20:22.658528811Z fangjialiang
2020-11-11T07:20:23.660688517Z fangjialiang
2020-11-11T07:20:24.662779325Z fangjialiang
2020-11-11T07:20:25.665054142Z fangjialiang
2020-11-11T07:20:26.667287709Z fangjialiang
2020-11-11T07:20:27.669623686Z fangjialiang
2020-11-11T07:20:28.671814425Z fangjialiang
2020-11-11T07:20:29.674567349Z fangjialiang
2020-11-11T07:20:30.676850880Z fangjialiang
2020-11-11T07:20:31.679119536Z fangjialiang
^C
[root@iZ2zeefmdpadf6fxudttltZ ~]#
（3）查看容器中的进程信息
# top命令
docker top 容器id
[root@iZ2zeefmdpadf6fxudttltZ ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS
9af89c717ff9 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 6 minutes ago Up 6 minutes
[root@iZ2zeefmdpadf6fxudttltZ ~]# docker top 9af89c717ff9
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY
root 27234 27218 0 15:19 ?
root 27682 27234 0 15:25 ?
（4）查看镜像元数据
docker inspect 容器id
[root@iZ2zeefmdpadf6fxudttltZ ~]# docker inspect --help
Usage: docker inspect [OPTIONS] NAME|ID [NAME|ID...]
Return low-level information on Docker objects
Options:
-f, --format string Format the output using the given Go template
-s, --size Display total file sizes if the type is container
--type string Return JSON for specified type
[root@iZ2zeefmdpadf6fxudttltZ ~]# docker inspect 9af89c717ff9
[
{
"Id": "9af89c717ff9e459800279804d451f90ccc96b2ff2a4e23d9a65b351db9b332c",
"Created": "2020-11-11T07:19:37.269768126Z",
"Path": "/bin/sh",
"Args": [
"-c",
"while true;do echo fangjialiang; sleep 1;done"
],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 27234,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2020-11-11T07:19:37.550430854Z",
"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:0d120b6ccaa8c5e149176798b3501d4dd1885f961922497cd0abef155c869566",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/9af89c717ff9e459800279804d451f90ccc96b2ff2a4e23d9a65b351db9b332c/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/9af89c717ff9e459800279804d451f90ccc96b2ff2a4e23d9a65b351db9b332c/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/9af89c717ff9e459800279804d451f90ccc96b2ff2a4e23d9a65b351db9b332c/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/9af89c717ff9e459800279804d451f90ccc96b2ff2a4e23d9a65b351db9b332c/9af89c717ff9e459800279804d451f90ccc96b2ff2a4e23d9a65b351db9b332c-json.log",
"Name": "/tender_raman",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"Capabilities": null,
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DeviceRequests": null,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/4bcb31a22c824bf86bf1a70aab191f1469904e9ff03dd738c9ee93021c6a25ee-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/063c41145c586729778b2f65ac1bae13115380a06fadd5d07bf732aef40dee20/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/4bcb31a22c824bf86bf1a70aab191f1469904e9ff03dd738c9ee93021c6a25ee/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/4bcb31a22c824bf86bf1a70aab191f1469904e9ff03dd738c9ee93021c6a25ee/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/4bcb31a22c824bf86bf1a70aab191f1469904e9ff03dd738c9ee93021c6a25ee/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"Mounts": [],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "9af89c717ff9",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/sh",
"-c",
"while true;do echo fangjialiang; sleep 1;done"
],
"Image": "centos",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"org.label-schema.build-date": "20200809",
"org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
"org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
"org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
"org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
}
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "cc6e02a6f37639e46567434ad86a1b5ce1a3de95e8ecfbd3ee1bdaf7e21db34e",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/cc6e02a6f376",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "37642f021c22ed92d68b4c86563fd5b374bf8926cb4b3b41e06c2ac15dad9aec",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "b50b9578b9ed6ca86f53868cd76320866249b53ef993edbf10b718b447df351d",
"EndpointID": "37642f021c22ed92d68b4c86563fd5b374bf8926cb4b3b41e06c2ac15dad9aec",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]
（5）进入当前正在运行的容器
# 通常容器都是使用后台方式运行的，需要进入容器修改一些配置
# 方式一
docker exec -it 容器id bashshell
[root@iZ2zeefmdpadf6fxudttltZ home]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS
89cec0603d22 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 5 seconds ago Up 4 seconds
[root@iZ2zeefmdpadf6fxudttltZ home]# docker exec -it 89cec0603d22 /bin/bash
[root@89cec0603d22 /]# ls
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
[root@89cec0603d22 /]# ps -ef
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 1 0 0 07:55 ? 00:00:00 /bin/sh -c while true;do echo fangjialiang; sleep 1;done
root 58 0 0 07:56 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash
root 85 1 0 07:56 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1
root 86 58 0 07:56 pts/0 00:00:00 ps -ef
# 方式二
docker attach 容器id
[root@iZ2zeefmdpadf6fxudttltZ home]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS
[root@iZ2zeefmdpadf6fxudttltZ home]# docker attach 89cec0603d22
fangjialiang
fangjialiang
fangjialiang
fangjialiang
fangjialiang
fangjialiang
fangjialiang
# docker exec # 进入容器后开启一个新的终端
# docker attach # 进入容器正在执行的终端，不会启动新的进程
（6）从容器中拷贝文件到主机上
docker cp 容器id:容器内路径 目的主机路径
# 查看当前主机目录
[root@iZ2zeefmdpadf6fxudttltZ home]# ls
admin redis www
[root@iZ2zeefmdpadf6fxudttltZ ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS
[root@iZ2zeefmdpadf6fxudttltZ ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
mysql 5.7 1b12f2e9257b 2 weeks ago 448MB
centos latest 0d120b6ccaa8 3 months ago 215MB
hello-world latest bf756fb1ae65 10 months ago 13.3kB
[root@iZ2zeefmdpadf6fxudttltZ ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@dbd924a75c13 /]# (ctrl+p+q)
[root@iZ2zeefmdpadf6fxudttltZ ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS
dbd924a75c13 centos "/bin/bash" 53 seconds ago Up 53 seconds
[root@iZ2zeefmdpadf6fxudttltZ ~]# cd /home
# 进入容器内部
[root@iZ2zeefmdpadf6fxudttltZ home]# docker attach dbd924a75c13
[root@dbd924a75c13 /]# cd /home
[root@dbd924a75c13 home]# ls
# 在容器中创建一个文件
[root@dbd924a75c13 home]# touch fangjialiang.java
[root@dbd924a75c13 home]# ls
fangjialiang.java
[root@dbd924a75c13 home]# exit
exit
[root@iZ2zeefmdpadf6fxudttltZ home]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS
dbd924a75c13 centos "/bin/bash" 3 minutes ago Exited (0) 19
# 将文件拷贝出来到我们的主机上
[root@iZ2zeefmdpadf6fxudttltZ home]# docker cp dbd924a75c13:/home/fangjialiang.java /home
[root@iZ2zeefmdpadf6fxudttltZ home]# ls
admin fangjialiang.java redis www
[root@iZ2zeefmdpadf6fxudttltZ home]#
# 拷贝是一个手动过程，未来我们使用一个-v卷的技术，可以实现自动同步……
5、命令小结
Usage: docker [OPTIONS] COMMAND
A self-sufficient runtime for containers
Options:
--config string Location of client config files (default "/root/.docker")
-c, --context string Name of the context to use to connect to the daemon (overrides DOCKER_HOST env var and default context set with "docker context use")
-D, --debug Enable debug mode
-H, --host list Daemon socket(s) to connect to
-l, --log-level string Set the logging level ("debug"|"info"|"warn"|"error"|"fatal") (default "info")
--tls Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify
--tlscacert string Trust certs signed only by this CA (default "/root/.docker/ca.pem")
--tlscert string Path to TLS certificate file (default "/root/.docker/cert.pem")
--tlskey string Path to TLS key file (default "/root/.docker/key.pem")
--tlsverify Use TLS and verify the remote
-v, --version Print version information and quit
Management Commands:
builder Manage builds
config Manage Docker configs
container Manage containers
context Manage contexts
engine Manage the docker engine
image Manage images
network Manage networks
node Manage Swarm nodes
plugin Manage plugins
secret Manage Docker secrets
service Manage services
stack Manage Docker stacks
swarm Manage Swarm
system Manage Docker
trust Manage trust on Docker images
volume Manage volumes
Commands:
attach Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running container
# 当前shell下attach连接指定运行镜像
build Build an image from a Dockerfile
# 通过Dockerfile定制镜像
commit Create a new image from a container·s changes
# 提交当前容器为新的镜像
cp Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem
# 从容器中拷贝指定的文件或者目录到宿主机中
create Create a new container
# 创建一个新的容器，同run，但是不启动容器
diff Inspect changes to files or directories on a container·s filesystem
# 查看docker容器变化
events Get real time events from the server
# 从docker服务获取容器实时事件
exec Run a command in a running container
# 在已存在的容器上运行命令
export Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive
# 导出容器的内容流作为一个tar归档文件,对应[import]
history Show the history of an image
# 展示一个镜像形成历史
images List images
#列出系统当前镜像
import Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image
# 从tar包中的内容创建一个新的文件锡荣影响,对应[export]
info Display system-wide information
# 显示系统相关信息
inspect Return low-level information on Docker objects
# 查看容器详细信息
kill Kill one or more running containers
# 杀死指定的容器
load Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN
# 从一个tar包中加载一个镜像，对应[save]
login Log in to a Docker registry
# 注册或登录一个docker源服务器
logout Log out from a Docker registry
# 从当前Docker registry退出
logs Fetch the logs of a container
# 输出当前容器日志
pause Pause all processes within one or more containers
# 暂停容器
port List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container
# 查看映射端口对应的容器内部源端口
ps List containers
# 列出容器列表
pull Pull an image or a repository from a registry
# 从docker镜像源服务器拉取指定镜像或者库镜像
push Push an image or a repository to a registry
# 推送指定镜像或者库镜像至docker源服务器
rename Rename a container
# 为容器重新命名
restart Restart one or more containers
# 重启运行的容器
rm Remove one or more containers
# 删除一个或多个容器
rmi Remove one or more images
# 删除一个或多个镜像（无容器使用该镜像事才可删除，否则需删除相关容器才可继续或者使用-f强制删除）
run Run a command in a new container
# 创建一个新的容器并运行一个命令
save Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)
# 保存一个镜像为tar包，对应[load]
search Search the Docker Hub for images
# 在docker hub中搜索镜像
start Start one or more stopped containers
# 启动一个或多个已停止的容器
stats Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics
stop Stop one or more running containers
# 停止一个或多个正在运行的容器
tag Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE
# 给源中的镜像打一个标签
top Display the running processes of a container
# 查看容器中运行的进程信息
unpause Unpause all processes within one or more containers
# 取消暂停容器
update Update configuration of one or more containers
#
version Show the Docker version information
# 查看docker的版本号
wait Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codes
# 截取容器停止时的退出状态值
docker的命令是十分多的，上面我们学习的都是最常用的容器和镜像的命令，之后我们还会学习很多命令。
接下来就是一堆的练习
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