华子目录
存储过程
什么是存储过程?
- 存储过程是事先经过编译并存储在数据库中的一段 SQL语句的集合,调用存储过程可以简化应用开发人员的很多工作,减少数据在数据库和应用服务器之间的传输,对于提高数据处理的效率是有好处的。
- 存储过程思想上很简单,就是数据库 SOL语言层面的代码封装与重用。
特点
- 封装,复用
- 可以接收参数,也可以返回数据
- 减少网络交互,效率提升
存储过程的创建
mysql> create procedure 存储过程名([参数列表])
-> begin
-> SQL语句;
-> end;
存储过程的调用
mysql> call 存储过程名([参数列表]);
注:在命令行中,执行创建存储过程的SQL时,需要通过关键字delimiter指定SQL语句的结束符
mysql> delimiter @ #指定结束符
mysql> select * from employee@
+------+-----------+-----------------+--------+-------+--------+
| id | name | job | salary | bonus | job_id |
+------+-----------+-----------------+--------+-------+--------+
| 101 | 麦当 | 后端研发 | 25000 | 5000 | 1003 |
| 102 | 咕咚 | 网络运维 | 15000 | 3000 | 1003 |
| 103 | 迪亚 | 测试工程师 | 12000 | 2000 | 1003 |
| 104 | 米龙 | 后端开发 | 20000 | 3500 | 1003 |
| 105 | 极光 | 前端开发 | 15000 | 2500 | 1003 |
| 106 | 村长 | 人力资源 | 10000 | 500 | 1001 |
| 107 | 五条人 | 销售工程师 | 14000 | 7000 | 1002 |
| 108 | 皇帝 | 董事长 | 30000 | 10000 | 1004 |
+------+-----------+-----------------+--------+-------+--------+
mysql> create procedure p1()
-> begin
-> select count(*) from employee;
-> end@
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
mysql> call p1()@
+----------+
| count(*) |
+----------+
| 8 |
+----------+
存储过程的查看
查询指定数据库的存储过程及状态信息
mysql> select * from information_schema.routines where routine_schema='XXX' #XXX为库名
mysql> select * from information_schema.routines where routine_schema='huazi'; # 查看huazi库
+---------------+-----------------+----------------+--------------+--------------+-----------+--------------------------+------------------------+-------------------+---------------+--------------------+--------------------+----------------+----------------+--------------+------------------------------------------+---------------+-------------------+-----------------+------------------+-----------------+----------+---------------+---------------------+---------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------+----------------+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------+
| SPECIFIC_NAME | ROUTINE_CATALOG | ROUTINE_SCHEMA | ROUTINE_NAME | ROUTINE_TYPE | DATA_TYPE | CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH | CHARACTER_OCTET_LENGTH | NUMERIC_PRECISION | NUMERIC_SCALE | DATETIME_PRECISION | CHARACTER_SET_NAME | COLLATION_NAME | DTD_IDENTIFIER | ROUTINE_BODY | ROUTINE_DEFINITION | EXTERNAL_NAME | EXTERNAL_LANGUAGE | PARAMETER_STYLE | IS_DETERMINISTIC | SQL_DATA_ACCESS | SQL_PATH | SECURITY_TYPE | CREATED | LAST_ALTERED | SQL_MODE
| ROUTINE_COMMENT | DEFINER | CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT | COLLATION_CONNECTION | DATABASE_COLLATION |
+---------------+-----------------+----------------+--------------+--------------+-----------+--------------------------+------------------------+-------------------+---------------+--------------------+--------------------+----------------+----------------+--------------+------------------------------------------+---------------+-------------------+-----------------+------------------+-----------------+----------+---------------+---------------------+---------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------+----------------+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------+
| p1 | def | huazi | p1 | PROCEDURE | | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | SQL | begin
select count(*) from employee;
end | NULL | SQL | SQL | NO | CONTAINS SQL | NULL | DEFINER | 2024-03-04 23:02:54 | 2024-03-04 23:02:54 | ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION | | root@localhost | utf8mb4 | utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci |
+---------------+-----------------+----------------+--------------+--------------+-----------+--------------------------+------------------------+-------------------+---------------+--------------------+--------------------+----------------+----------------+--------------+------------------------------------------+---------------+-------------------+-----------------+------------------+-----------------+----------+---------------+---------------------+---------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------+----------------+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------+
查询某个存储过程的定义
mysql> show create procedure 存储过程名;
mysql> show create procedure p1;
+-----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------+
| Procedure | sql_mode | Create Procedure
| character_set_client | collation_connection | Database Collation |
+-----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------+
| p1 | ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION | CREATE DEFINER=`root`@`localhost` PROCEDURE `p1`()
begin
select count(*) from employee;
end | utf8mb4 | utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci |
+-----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------+
存储过程的删除
mysql> drop procedure [if exists] 存储过程名;
变量
系统变量
- 系统变量是MySQL服务器提供的,不是用户定义的,属于服务器层面。分为全局变量(global),会话变量(session),默认是session
查看系统变量
#查看所有系统变量
mysql> show [session/global] variables;
#模糊匹配查找变量
mysql> show [session/global] variables like '......';
#查看指定变量的值
mysql> select @@[session/global]系统变量名;
设置系统变量
mysql> set [session/global] 系统变量名 = 值;
或
mysql> set @@[session/global]系统变量名 = 值;
用户定义变量
- 用户定义变量是用户根据需要自己定义的变量,用户变量不用提前声明,在用的时候直接使用 @变量名 就可以,其作用域为当前会话(在其他会话中无效)
- 注:用户定义的变量无需对其进行声明或初始化,只不过获取到的值为null(如果不给用户变量赋值就是null)
赋值
mysql> set @变量名=值;
或
mysql> set @变量名:=值;
mysql> select @变量名:=值;
或
mysql> select 字段 into @变量名 from 表名;
使用
mysql> select @变量名;
mysql> set @myname = '华子';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> set @myage = 18;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> set @mygender = '男',@myhobby = '编程';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select @mycolor := 'red';
+-------------------+
| @mycolor := 'red' |
+-------------------+
| red |
+-------------------+
mysql> select count(*) into @mycount from employee;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)
mysql> select @myname,@myage,@mygender,@myhobby,@mycolor,@mycount;
+---------+--------+-----------+----------+----------+----------+
| @myname | @myage | @mygender | @myhobby | @mycolor | @mycount |
+---------+--------+-----------+----------+----------+----------+
| 华子 | 18 | 男 | 编程 | red | 8 |
+---------+--------+-----------+----------+----------+----------+
mysql> set @myage := 22; #修改myage的值
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select @myage;
+--------+
| @myage |
+--------+
| 22 |
+--------+
局部变量
局部变量是根据需要定义的在局部生效的变量,访问之前,需要declare声明。可用作存储过程内的局部变量和输入参数,局部变量的范围是在其内声明的begin … end块。
声明
mysql> declare 变量名 变量类型 [default 值];
变量类型和数据库字段类型一样:int,bigint,char,varchar,date,time等
赋值
mysql> set 变量名=值;
或
mysql> set 变量名:=值;
或
mysql> select 字段 into 变量名 from 表名 [where条件];
mysql> delimiter $
mysql> create procedure p2()
-> begin
-> declare employee_count int default 0; #定义employee变量,并默认值为0
-> select count(*) into employee_count from employee; #将查出来的count(*)结果赋值给employee_count变量
-> select employee_count;
-> end$
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> call p2()$ #调用p2存储过程
+----------------+
| employee_count |
+----------------+
| 8 |
+----------------+
mysql> show create procedure p2$
+-----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------+
| Procedure | sql_mode
| Create Procedure
| character_set_client | collation_connection | Database Collation |
+-----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------+
| p2 | ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION | CREATE DEFINER=`root`@`localhost` PROCEDURE `p2`()
begin
declare employee_count int default 0;
select count(*) into employee_count from employee;
select employee_count;
end | utf8mb4 | utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci |
+-----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------+
#查看huazi库中的存储过程
mysql> select * from information_schema.routines where routine_schema='huazi'$
+---------------+-----------------+----------------+--------------+--------------+-----------+--------------------------+------------------------+-------------------+---------------+--------------------+--------------------+----------------+----------------+--------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+-------------------+-----------------+------------------+-----------------+----------+---------------+---------------------+---------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------+----------------+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------+
| SPECIFIC_NAME | ROUTINE_CATALOG | ROUTINE_SCHEMA | ROUTINE_NAME | ROUTINE_TYPE | DATA_TYPE | CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH | CHARACTER_OCTET_LENGTH | NUMERIC_PRECISION | NUMERIC_SCALE | DATETIME_PRECISION | CHARACTER_SET_NAME | COLLATION_NAME | DTD_IDENTIFIER | ROUTINE_BODY | ROUTINE_DEFINITION
| EXTERNAL_NAME | EXTERNAL_LANGUAGE | PARAMETER_STYLE | IS_DETERMINISTIC | SQL_DATA_ACCESS | SQL_PATH | SECURITY_TYPE | CREATED | LAST_ALTERED | SQL_MODE | ROUTINE_COMMENT | DEFINER | CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT | COLLATION_CONNECTION | DATABASE_COLLATION |
+---------------+-----------------+----------------+--------------+--------------+-----------+--------------------------+------------------------+-------------------+---------------+--------------------+--------------------+----------------+----------------+--------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+-------------------+-----------------+------------------+-----------------+----------+---------------+---------------------+---------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------+----------------+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------+
| p1 | def | huazi | p1 | PROCEDURE | | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | SQL | begin
select count(*) from employee;
end | NULL | SQL | SQL | NO | CONTAINS SQL | NULL | DEFINER | 2024-03-04 23:02:54 | 2024-03-04 23:02:54 | ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION | | root@localhost | utf8mb4 | utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci |
| p2 | def | huazi | p2 | PROCEDURE | | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | SQL | begin
declare employee_count int default 0;
select count(*) into employee_count from employee;
select employee_count;
end | NULL | SQL | SQL | NO | CONTAINS SQL | NULL | DEFINER | 2024-03-05 09:45:37 | 2024-03-05 09:45:37 | ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION | | root@localhost | utf8mb4 | utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci |
+---------------+-----------------+----------------+--------------+--------------+-----------+--------------------------+------------------------+-------------------+---------------+--------------------+--------------------+----------------+----------------+--------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+-------------------+-----------------+------------------+-----------------+----------+---------------+---------------------+---------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------+----------------+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------+
if条件
if 条件1 then
sql语句;
elseif 条件2 then
sql语句;
else
sql语句;
end if;
if案例
根据定义的分数score变量,判定当前分数对应的分数等级。
- score >=90分,等级为优秀。
- score >=80分,等级为良好。
- score >=70分,等级为中等。
- score >=60分,等级为及格。
- score < 60分,等级为不及格。
mysql> delimiter $
mysql> create procedure p3()
-> begin
-> declare score int default 58;
-> declare result varchar(10);
-> if score>=90 then
-> set result:='优秀';
-> elseif score >=80 then
-> set result:='良好';
-> elseif score>=70 then
-> set result:='中等';
-> elseif score>=60 then
-> set result:='及格';
-> else
-> set result:='不及格';
-> end if;
-> select result;
-> end$
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
mysql> call p3()$
+-----------+
| result |
+-----------+
| 不及格 |
+-----------+
mysql> show create procedure p3$
+-----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------+
| Procedure | sql_mode | Create Procedure
| character_set_client | collation_connection | Database Collation |
+-----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------+
| p3 | ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION | CREATE DEFINER=`root`@`localhost` PROCEDURE `p3`()
begin
declare score int default 58;
declare result varchar(10);
if score>=90 then
set result:='优秀';
elseif score >=80 then
set result:='良好';
elseif score>=70 then
set result:='中等';
elseif score>=60 then
set result:='及格';
else
set result:='不及格';
end if;
select result;
end | utf8mb4 | utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci |
+-----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------+
mysql> select * from information_schema.routines where routine_schema='huazi'$
+---------------+-----------------+----------------+--------------+--------------+-----------+--------------------------+------------------------+-------------------+---------------+--------------------+--------------------+----------------+----------------+--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+-------------------+-----------------+------------------+-----------------+----------+---------------+---------------------+---------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------+----------------+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------+
| SPECIFIC_NAME | ROUTINE_CATALOG | ROUTINE_SCHEMA | ROUTINE_NAME | ROUTINE_TYPE | DATA_TYPE | CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH | CHARACTER_OCTET_LENGTH | NUMERIC_PRECISION | NUMERIC_SCALE | DATETIME_PRECISION | CHARACTER_SET_NAME | COLLATION_NAME | DTD_IDENTIFIER | ROUTINE_BODY | ROUTINE_DEFINITION
| EXTERNAL_NAME | EXTERNAL_LANGUAGE | PARAMETER_STYLE | IS_DETERMINISTIC | SQL_DATA_ACCESS | SQL_PATH | SECURITY_TYPE | CREATED | LAST_ALTERED | SQL_MODE | ROUTINE_COMMENT | DEFINER | CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT | COLLATION_CONNECTION | DATABASE_COLLATION |
+---------------+-----------------+----------------+--------------+--------------+-----------+--------------------------+------------------------+-------------------+---------------+--------------------+--------------------+----------------+----------------+--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+-------------------+-----------------+------------------+-----------------+----------+---------------+---------------------+---------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------+----------------+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------+
| p1 | def | huazi | p1 | PROCEDURE | | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | SQL | begin
select count(*) from employee;
end
| NULL | SQL | SQL | NO | CONTAINS SQL | NULL | DEFINER | 2024-03-04 23:02:54 | 2024-03-04 23:02:54 | ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION | | root@localhost | utf8mb4 | utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci |
| p2 | def | huazi | p2 | PROCEDURE | | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | SQL | begin
declare employee_count int default 0;
select count(*) into employee_count from employee;
select employee_count;
end | NULL | SQL | SQL | NO | CONTAINS SQL | NULL | DEFINER | 2024-03-05 09:45:37 | 2024-03-05 09:45:37 | ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION | | root@localhost | utf8mb4 | utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci |
| p3 | def | huazi | p3 | PROCEDURE | | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | SQL | begin
declare score int default 58;
declare result varchar(10);
if score>=90 then
set result:='优秀';
elseif score >=80 then
set result:='良好';
elseif score>=70 then
set result:='中等';
elseif score>=60 then
set result:='及格';
else
set result:='不及格';
end if;
select result;
end | NULL | SQL | SQL | NO | CONTAINS SQL | NULL | DEFINER | 2024-03-05 13:36:35 | 2024-03-05 13:36:35 | ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION | | root@localhost | utf8mb4 | utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci |
+---------------+-----------------+----------------+--------------+--------------+-----------+--------------------------+------------------------+-------------------+---------------+--------------------+--------------------+----------------+----------------+--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+-------------------+-----------------+------------------+-----------------+----------+---------------+---------------------+---------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------+----------------+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------+
参数
类型 | 含义 | 备注 |
---|---|---|
in | 该类参数作为输入,也就是需要调用时传入值 | 默认 |
out | 该类参数作为输出,也就是该参数可以作为返回值 | |
inout | 既可以作为输入参数,也可以作为输出参数 |
mysql> create procedure 存储过程名([in/out/inout 参数名 参数类型])
-> begin
-> sql语句;
-> end;
参数案例
- 根据传入参数score,判定当前分数对应的分数等级,并返回
- score >=90分,等级为优秀。
- score >=80分,等级为良好。
- score >=70分,等级为中等。
- score >=60分,等级为及格。
- score < 60分,等级为不及格。
mysql> delimiter $
mysql> create procedure p4(in score int,out result varchar(10))
-> begin
-> if score>=90 then
-> set result='优秀';
-> elseif score>=80 then
-> set result='良好';
-> elseif score>=70 then
-> set result='中等';
-> elseif score>=60 then
-> set result='及格';
-> else
-> set result='不及格';
-> end if;
-> end$
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
mysql> call p4(68,@result)$
mysql> select @result$
+---------+
| @result |
+---------+
| 及格 |
+---------+
mysql> call p4(78,@result)$
mysql> select @result$
+---------+
| @result |
+---------+
| 中等 |
+---------+
mysql> call p4(0,@result)$
mysql> select @result$
+-----------+
| @result |
+-----------+
| 不及格 |
+-----------+
mysql> show create procedure p4$
+-----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------+
| Procedure | sql_mode | Create Procedure
| character_set_client | collation_connection | Database Collation |
+-----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------+
| p4 | ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION | CREATE DEFINER=`root`@`localhost` PROCEDURE `p4`(in score int,out result varchar(10))
begin
if score>=90 then
set result='优秀';
elseif score>=80 then
set result='良好';
elseif score>=70 then
set result='中等';
elseif score>=60 then
set result='及格';
else
set result='不及格';
end if;
end | utf8mb4 | utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci |
+-----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------+
mysql> select * from information_schema.routines where routine_schema='huazi'$
+---------------+-----------------+----------------+--------------+--------------+-----------+--------------------------+------------------------+-------------------+---------------+--------------------+--------------------+----------------+----------------+--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+-------------------+-----------------+------------------+-----------------+----------+---------------+---------------------+---------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------+----------------+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------+
| SPECIFIC_NAME | ROUTINE_CATALOG | ROUTINE_SCHEMA | ROUTINE_NAME | ROUTINE_TYPE | DATA_TYPE | CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH | CHARACTER_OCTET_LENGTH | NUMERIC_PRECISION | NUMERIC_SCALE | DATETIME_PRECISION | CHARACTER_SET_NAME | COLLATION_NAME | DTD_IDENTIFIER | ROUTINE_BODY | ROUTINE_DEFINITION
| EXTERNAL_NAME | EXTERNAL_LANGUAGE | PARAMETER_STYLE | IS_DETERMINISTIC | SQL_DATA_ACCESS | SQL_PATH | SECURITY_TYPE | CREATED | LAST_ALTERED | SQL_MODE | ROUTINE_COMMENT | DEFINER | CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT | COLLATION_CONNECTION | DATABASE_COLLATION |
+---------------+-----------------+----------------+--------------+--------------+-----------+--------------------------+------------------------+-------------------+---------------+--------------------+--------------------+----------------+----------------+--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+-------------------+-----------------+------------------+-----------------+----------+---------------+---------------------+---------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------+----------------+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------+
| p1 | def | huazi | p1 | PROCEDURE | | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | SQL | begin
select count(*) from employee;
end
| NULL | SQL | SQL | NO | CONTAINS SQL | NULL | DEFINER | 2024-03-04 23:02:54 | 2024-03-04 23:02:54 | ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION | | root@localhost | utf8mb4 | utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci |
| p2 | def | huazi | p2 | PROCEDURE | | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | SQL | begin
declare employee_count int default 0;
select count(*) into employee_count from employee;
select employee_count;
end | NULL | SQL | SQL | NO | CONTAINS SQL | NULL | DEFINER | 2024-03-05 09:45:37 | 2024-03-05 09:45:37 | ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION | | root@localhost | utf8mb4 | utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci |
| p3 | def | huazi | p3 | PROCEDURE | | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | SQL | begin
declare score int default 58;
declare result varchar(10);
if score>=90 then
set result:='优秀';
elseif score >=80 then
set result:='良好';
elseif score>=70 then
set result:='中等';
elseif score>=60 then
set result:='及格';
else
set result:='不及格';
end if;
select result;
end | NULL | SQL | SQL | NO | CONTAINS SQL | NULL | DEFINER | 2024-03-05 13:36:35 | 2024-03-05 13:36:35 | ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION | | root@localhost | utf8mb4 | utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci |
| p4 | def | huazi | p4 | PROCEDURE | | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | SQL | begin
if score>=90 then
set result='优秀';
elseif score>=80 then
set result='良好';
elseif score>=70 then
set result='中等';
elseif score>=60 then
set result='及格';
else
set result='不及格';
end if;
end | NULL | SQL | SQL | NO | CONTAINS SQL | NULL | DEFINER | 2024-03-05 13:54:29 | 2024-03-05 13:54:29 | ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION | | root@localhost | utf8mb4 | utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci |
+---------------+-----------------+----------------+--------------+--------------+-----------+--------------------------+------------------------+-------------------+---------------+--------------------+--------------------+----------------+----------------+--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+-------------------+-----------------+------------------+-----------------+----------+---------------+---------------------+---------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------+----------------+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------+
- 将传入的200分制的分数,进行换算,换算成百分制,然后返回
mysql> create procedure p5(inout score double)
-> begin
-> set score=score*0.5;
-> end$
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> set @score=198$
mysql> call p5(@score)$
mysql> select @score$
+--------+
| @score |
+--------+
| 99 |
+--------+
mysql> show create procedure p5$
+-----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------+
| Procedure | sql_mode
| Create Procedure | character_set_client | collation_connection | Database Collation |
+-----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------+
| p5 | ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION | CREATE DEFINER=`root`@`localhost` PROCEDURE `p5`(inout score double)
begin
set score=score*0.5;
end | utf8mb4 | utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci |
+-----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------+
case语法
语法一
case 常量值
when 值1 then
sql语句;
when 值2 then
sql语句;
else
sql语句;
end case;
语法二
case
when 条件1 then
sql语句;
when 条件2 then
sql语句;
else
sql语句;
end case;
case案例
根据传入的月份,判定月份所属的季节(使用case)
- 1-3月,为第一季度
- 4-6月,为第二季度
- 7-9月,为第三季度
- 10-12月,为第四季度
mysql> create procedure p6(in month int)
-> begin
-> declare result varchar(10);
-> case
-> when month>=1 and month<=3 then
-> set result='第一季度';
-> when month>=4 and month<=6 then
-> set result='第二季度';
-> when month>=7 and month<=9 then
-> set result='第三季度';
-> when month>=10 and month<=12 then
-> set result='第四季度';
-> else
-> set result='非法参数';
-> end case;
-> select concat('您输入的月份为:',month,',所属季度为:',result);
-> end$
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
mysql> call p6(4)$
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| concat('您输入的月份为:',month,',所属季度为:',result) |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 您输入的月份为:4,所属季度为:第二季度 |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
mysql> call p6(11)$
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| concat('您输入的月份为:',month,',所属季度为:',result) |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 您输入的月份为:11,所属季度为:第四季度 |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
mysql> show create procedure p6$
+-----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------+
| Procedure | sql_mode | Create Procedure
| character_set_client | collation_connection | Database Collation |
+-----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------+
| p6 | ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION | CREATE DEFINER=`root`@`localhost` PROCEDURE `p6`(in month int)
begin
declare result varchar(10);
case
when month>=1 and month<=3 then
set result='第一季度';
when month>=4 and month<=6 then
set result='第二季度';
when month>=7 and month<=9 then
set result='第三季度';
when month>=10 and month<=12 then
set result='第四季度';
else
set result='非法参数';
end case;
select concat('您输入的月份为:',month,',所属季度为:',result);
end | utf8mb4 | utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci |
+-----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------+
循环
while循环
while 循环是有条件的循环控制语句。满足条件后,再执行循环体中的SQL语句。具体语法为:
#先判定条件,如果条件为true,则执行逻辑,否则,不执行逻辑
while 条件 do
sql语句;
end while;
while循环案例
计算从1累加到n的值,n为传入的参数
mysql> create procedure p7(in n int)
-> begin
-> declare total int default 0;
-> while n>0 do
-> set total=total+n;
-> set n=n-1;
-> end while;
-> select total;
-> end$
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
mysql> call p7(100)$
+-------+
| total |
+-------+
| 5050 |
+-------+
mysql> show create procedure p7$
+-----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------+
| Procedure | sql_mode | Create Procedure
| character_set_client | collation_connection | Database Collation |
+-----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------+
| p7 | ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION | CREATE DEFINER=`root`@`localhost` PROCEDURE `p7`(in n int)
begin
declare total int default 0;
while n>0 do
set total=total+n;
set n=n-1;
end while;
select total;
end | utf8mb4 | utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci |
+-----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------+
repeat循环
repeat是有条件的循环控制语句,当满足条件的时候退出循环。具体语法为:
#先执行一次逻辑,然后判定逻辑是否满足,如果满足,则退出。如果不满足,则继续下一次循环
repeat
sql语句;
until 条件
end repeat;
repeat循环案例
计算从1累加到n的值,n为传入的参数
mysql> create procedure p8(in n int)
-> begin
-> declare total int default 0;
-> repeat
-> set total=total+n;
-> set n=n-1;
-> until n<=0
-> end repeat;
-> select total;
-> end$
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
mysql> call p8(100)$
+-------+
| total |
+-------+
| 5050 |
+-------+
mysql> show create procedure p8$
+-----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------+
| Procedure | sql_mode | Create Procedure
| character_set_client | collation_connection | Database Collation |
+-----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------+
| p8 | ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION | CREATE DEFINER=`root`@`localhost` PROCEDURE `p8`(in n int)
begin
declare total int default 0;
repeat
set total=total+n;
set n=n-1;
until n<=0
end repeat;
select total;
end | utf8mb4 | utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci |
+-----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------+
loop循环
loop实现简单的循环,如果不在SQL逻辑中增加退出循环的条件,可以用其来实现简单的死循环。LOOP可以配合一下两个语句使用:
- leave:配合循环使用,退出循环。
- iterate:必须用在循环中,作用是跳过当前循环剩下的语句,直接进入下一次循环。
[begin_label:] loop
sql语句
end loop [end_label];
leave label; #退出指定标记的循环体
iterate label; #直接进入下一次循环
loop循环案例
1. 计算从1累加到n的值,n为传入的参数
mysql> delimiter $
mysql> create procedure p9(in n int)
-> begin
-> declare total int default 0;
-> label:loop
-> if n<=0 then
-> leave label;
-> end if;
-> set total=total+n;
-> set n=n-1;
-> end loop label;
-> select total;
-> end$
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> call p9(100)$
+-------+
| total |
+-------+
| 5050 |
+-------+
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> show create procedure p9$
+-----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------+
| Procedure | sql_mode | Create Procedure
| character_set_client | collation_connection | Database Collation |
+-----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------+
| p9 | ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION | CREATE DEFINER=`root`@`localhost` PROCEDURE `p9`(in n int)
begin
declare total int default 0;
label:loop
if n<=0 then
leave label;
end if;
set total=total+n;
set n=n-1;
end loop label;
select total;
end | utf8mb4 | utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci |
+-----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------+
2. 计算从1到n之间的偶数累加的值,n为传入的参数值。
mysql> create procedure p10(in n int)
-> begin
-> declare total int default 0;
-> label:loop
-> if n<=0 then
-> leave label;
-> end if;
-> if n%2=1 then
-> set n=n-1;
-> iterate label;
-> end if;
-> set total=total+n;
-> set n=n-1;
-> end loop label;
-> select total;
-> end$
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> call p10(4)$
+-------+
| total |
+-------+
| 6 |
+-------+
mysql> call p10(6)$
+-------+
| total |
+-------+
| 12 |
+-------+
mysql> show create procedure p10$
+-----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------+
| Procedure | sql_mode | Create Procedure
| character_set_client | collation_connection | Database Collation |
+-----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------+
| p10 | ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION | CREATE DEFINER=`root`@`localhost` PROCEDURE `p10`(in n int)
begin
declare total int default 0;
label:loop
if n<=0 then
leave label;
end if;
if n%2=1 then
set n=n-1;
iterate label;
end if;
set total=total+n;
set n=n-1;
end loop label;
select total;
end | utf8mb4 | utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci |
+-----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------+
游标cursor
游标(cursor)是用来存储查询结果集的数据类型,在存储过程和函数中可以使用游标对结果集进行循环的处理。游标的使用包括游标的声明、open,fetch和close,其语法分别如下:
#声明游标
declare 游标名 cursor for select语句;
#打开游标
open 游标名;
#获取游标记录
fetch 游标名 into 变量,[变量];
#关闭游标
close 游标名;
游标案例
根据传入的参数uage,来查询用户表tb_user中所有的用户年龄<=uage的用户姓名(name)和专业(profession),并将用户的姓名和专业插入到所创建的一张新表(id,name,profession)中。
条件处理程序handler
条件处理程序(handler)可以用来解决在流程控制结构执行过程中遇到问题时相应的处理步骤。具体语法为:
declare handler_action handler for condition_value [,condition_value]... sql语句;
handler_action
continue:继续执行当前程序
exit:终止执行当前程序
condition_value
sqlstate:状态码,如02000
sqlwarning:所有以01开头的sqlstate代码的简写
not found:所有以02开头的sqlstate代码的简写
sqlexception:所有没有被sqlwarning或not found捕获的sqlstate代码的简写
存储函数
存储函数是有返回值的存储过程,存储函数的参数只能是in类型的。具体语法如下:
mysql> create function 存储函数名([参数列表])
-> returns type [characteristic...]
-> begin
-> sql语句
-> return...;
-> end;
characteristic说明:
deterministic:相同的输入参数总是产生相同的结果
no sql:不包含sql语句
reads sql data:包含读取数据的语句,但不包含写入数据的语句
存储函数案例
1. 计算从1累加到n的值,n为传入的参数
mysql> create function fun1(n int)
-> returns int deterministic
-> begin
-> declare total int default 0;
-> while n>0 do
-> set total=total+n;
-> set n=n-1;
-> end while;
-> return total;
-> end$
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
mysql> select fun1(100)$
+-----------+
| fun1(100) |
+-----------+
| 5050 |
+-----------+
mysql> show create function fun1$
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------+
| Function | sql_mode | Create Function
| character_set_client | collation_connection | Database Collation |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------+
| fun1 | ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION | CREATE DEFINER=`root`@`localhost` FUNCTION `fun1`(n int) RETURNS int
DETERMINISTIC
begin
declare total int default 0;
while n>0 do
set total=total+n;
set n=n-1;
end while;
return total;
end | utf8mb4 | utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------+
触发器
- 触发器是与表有关的数据库对象,指在 insert/update/delete 之前或之后触发并执行触发器中定义的SOL语句。触发器的这种特性可以协助应用在数据库端确保数据的完整性,日志记录,数据校验等操作。
- 使用别名old和new来引用触发器中发生变化的记录内容,这与其他的数据库是相似的。现在触发器还只支持行级触发,不支持语句级触发
触发器类型 | old和new |
---|---|
insert型触发器 | new表示将要或者以及新增的数据 |
update型触发器 | old表示修改之前的数据,new表示将要或者以及新增的数据 |
delete型触发器 | old表示将要或者已经删除的数据 |
创建
mysql> create trigger 触发器名
-> before/after insert/update/delete
-> on 表名 for each row -- 行级触发器
-> begin
-> sql语句
-> end;
查看
mysql> show triggers;
删除
mysql> drop trigger 触发器名;
触发器案例
通过触发器记录 tb_user 表的数据变更日志,将变更日志插入到日志表user_logs中,包含增加,修改,删除;
插入数据时触发
修改数据时触发
删除数据时触发