面向对象的三大特性

一、封装

1.把属性封装到对象中，方便调用
2.把相同的功能封装同一方法中，方便调用

class Dog():
    def __init__(self,name,age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age
    def jiao(self):
        print('狗叫')
    def sleep(self):
        print('睡觉')
dog = Dog('哈哈',12)
dog.jiao()

二、继承

1.如果不同类中有相同的行为或属性，这个时候我们考虑到用继承，减少代码，实现代码复用

class Animal(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.name = '傻子'
    def eat(self):
        print('吃饭')
class Dog(Animal):
    pass
class Cat(Animal):
    pass

dog = Dog()
dog.eat()
print(dog.name)
cat = Cat()
cat.eat()

2.继承之传递性
继承具有传递性，‘爷爷可以传给孙子’

class Animal(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.name = '傻子'
    def eat(self):
        print('吃饭')
class Dog(Animal):
    pass
class Hsq(Dog):
    pass
hsq = Hsq()
hsq.eat()

3.继承之重写
当父类的行为不能满足字类的行为时，在所定义的类中写相应的行为来修改字类的行为

class Animal(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.name = '傻子'
    def eat(self):
        print('吃饭')
class Dog(Animal):
    def eat(self):
        print('吃狗粮')

dog = Dog()
dog.eat()

4.继承之super
super().xxx 在合适的地方可以调用父类的方法

class Father(object):   #父类 == 基类
    def take_money(self):
        print('经商赚钱')
class Son(Father):   #字类 == 派生类
    def take_money(self):
        print('写代码赚钱')

        super().take_money() #调用父类的方法

son = Son()
son.take_money()

5.私有属性和私有的方法继承不过来

class Father(object):   #父类 == 基类
    def __init__(self):
        self.hit = '抽烟'
        self.__info = '女朋友'
    def take_money(self):
        print('经商赚钱')
    def __show(self):
        print('哈哈哈')
class Son(Father):   #字类 == 派生类
    def take_money(self):
        print('写代码赚钱')

        super().take_money() #调用父类的方法

son = Son()
son.take_money()
print(son.hit)
# print(son.__info)  私有的属性继承不过来
#print(son.__show)  私有的方法行为继承不过来

6.继承之多继承

class A(object):
    def a(self):
        print('a方法')
class B(object):
    def b(self):
        print('b方法')
class C(object):
    def c(self):
        print('c方法')
class D(A,B,C):
    pass
d = D()
d.a()
d.b()
d.c()

在py3当中，继承是广度继承，在py2中，类你不写object时，继承是深度继承，写上objec后是广度继承

class A(object):
    def a(self):
        print('a方法')
class B(A):
    pass
class C(A):
    def a(self):
        print('a2方法')
class F(B,C):
    pass
f = F()
f.a()
print(F.__mro__) #(<class '__main__.F'>, <class '__main__.B'>, <class '__main__.C'>, <class '__main__.A'>, <class 'object'>)

7.继承案例

#教学老师
class teacher(object): #父类
    def __init__(self,name,age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age
    #规定了字类所拥有的功能，具体的还是看字类
    def eat(self):
        print('可以吃饭')
    def play(self):
        print('可以教人')

class basketball_teacher(teacher): #继承父类
    def play(self):  #继承重写
        print('可以教人打篮球')
    def eat(self): #继承重写
        print('%s可以吃大米饭'%self.name)

class football_teacher(teacher):
    def eat(self): #继承重写
        print('%s可以吃炒饭'%self.name)
    def sleep(self):
        print('可以睡觉')
    def play(self): #继承重写
        print('可以教人踢足球')
laoshi = basketball_teacher('胡见',23)
laoshi.eat()
laoshi.play()

jiaolian = football_teacher('喻喻',21)
jiaolian.eat()
jiaolian.play()


#手机
class Call(object):
    def __init__(self,xinghao,color):
        self.xinghao = xinghao
        self.color = color
    def ddh(self,name):
        print('{}的{}可以{}打电话'.format(self.color,self.xinghao,name))
    def show(self):
        if isinstance(self,Huawei): #isinstance()判断一个对象是否是属于某个类，语法是 isinstance(对象,类)
            print('我的型号是%s,我的颜色是%s,我的大小是%s' % (self.xinghao, self.color, self.size))
        else:
            print('我的型号是%s,我的颜色是%s'%(self.xinghao,self.color))

class Huawei(Call):
    def __init__(self,xinghao,color,size):
        super().__init__(xinghao,color)
        self.size = size
    def movie(self):
        print('%s可以看视频'%self.xinghao)
class Pingguo(Call):
    def play_game(self):
        print('{}可以玩游戏'.format(self.xinghao))

call = Huawei('华为','亮黑色',30)
pingguo = Pingguo('苹果','白色')
call.ddh('胡豆')
call.movie()
call.show()
pingguo.ddh('喻豌豆')
pingguo.play_game()
pingguo.show()

'''
树
苹果树
桃树
香樟树
'''
class Tree(object):
    def __init__(self,name,color):
        self.name = name
        self.color = color
    def kaihua(self):
        print('{}可以开花'.format(self.name))
    def show(self):
        if isinstance(self,Apple):
            print('我的名字是%s,我的颜色是%s,我的高度是%s米'%(self.name,self.color,self.height))
        else:
            print('我的名字是%s,我的颜色是%s' % (self.name, self.color))
    def jieguo(self):
        print('树可以结果子')
class Apple(Tree):
    def __init__(self,name,color,height):
        self.height = height
        super().__init__(name,color)
class Taoshu(Apple):
    pass
    def jieguo(self):
        print('%s可以结桃子'%self.name)
class Xiangzhangshu(Tree):
    pass

apple = Apple('苹果树','绿色',23)
apple.show()
apple.jieguo()
taoshu = Taoshu('桃树','红色',41)
taoshu.show()
taoshu.kaihua()
taoshu.jieguo()
xiangzhangshu = Xiangzhangshu('香樟树',"蓝色")
xiangzhangshu.show()

三、多态

同一种事务，具有多种形态
前提需要有继承和重写
调用同一种行为，产生了不同的结果

class Ainaml():
    def play(self):
        print('玩')
class Dog(Ainaml):
    def play(self):
        print('在大马路上跑')
class Bird(Ainaml):
    def play(self):
        print('在天上飞')
class People(Ainaml):
    def play_with_ainaml(self,A):
        A.play()
dog = Dog()
bird = Bird()
people = People()
people.play_with_ainaml(bird)
people.play_with_ainaml(dog)