vmap； kmap ； remap_vmalloc_range ； remap_pfn_range

kernel地址map: vmap kmap
vmap(). This can be used to make a long duration mapping of multiple physical pages into a contiguous virtual space. It needs global synchronization to unmap.

/**
 * vmap - map an array of pages into virtually contiguous space
 * @pages: array of page pointers
 * @count: number of pages to map
 * @flags: vm_area->flags
 * @prot: page protection for the mapping
 *
 * Maps @count pages from @pages into contiguous kernel virtual space.
 * If @flags contains %VM_MAP_PUT_PAGES the ownership of the pages array itself
 * (which must be kmalloc or vmalloc memory) and one reference per pages in it
 * are transferred from the caller to vmap(), and will be freed / dropped when
 * vfree() is called on the return value.
 *
 * Return: the address of the area or %NULL on failure
 */
void *vmap(struct page **pages, unsigned int count,
	   unsigned long flags, pgprot_t prot)
{
	struct vm_struct *area;
	unsigned long size;		/* In bytes */

	might_sleep();

	if (count > totalram_pages())
		return NULL;

	size = (unsigned long)count << PAGE_SHIFT;
	area = get_vm_area_caller(size, flags, __builtin_return_address(0));
	if (!area)
		return NULL;

	if (map_kernel_range((unsigned long)area->addr, size, pgprot_nx(prot),
			pages) < 0) {
		vunmap(area->addr);
		return NULL;
	}

	if (flags & VM_MAP_PUT_PAGES) {
		area->pages = pages;
		area->nr_pages = count;
	}
	return area->addr;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(vmap);

kmap(). This permits a short duration mapping of a single page. It needs global synchronization, but is amortized somewhat. It is also prone to deadlocks when using in a nested fashion, and so it is not recommended for new code.

/**
 * kmap - Map a page for long term usage
 * @page:	Pointer to the page to be mapped
 *
 * Returns: The virtual address of the mapping
 *
 * Can only be invoked from preemptible task context because on 32bit
 * systems with CONFIG_HIGHMEM enabled this function might sleep.
 *
 * For systems with CONFIG_HIGHMEM=n and for pages in the low memory area
 * this returns the virtual address of the direct kernel mapping.
 *
 * The returned virtual address is globally visible and valid up to the
 * point where it is unmapped via kunmap(). The pointer can be handed to
 * other contexts.
 *
 * For highmem pages on 32bit systems this can be slow as the mapping space
 * is limited and protected by a global lock. In case that there is no
 * mapping slot available the function blocks until a slot is released via
 * kunmap().
 */
static inline void *kmap(struct page *page);

kernel 地址到用户空间的map remap_vmalloc_range remap_pfn_range
remap_vmalloc_range — map vmalloc pages to userspace

/**
 * remap_pfn_range - remap kernel memory to userspace
 * @vma: user vma to map to
 * @addr: target page aligned user address to start at
 * @pfn: page frame number of kernel physical memory address
 * @size: size of mapping area
 * @prot: page protection flags for this mapping
 *
 * Note: this is only safe if the mm semaphore is held when called.
 *
 * Return: %0 on success, negative error code otherwise.
 */
int remap_pfn_range(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr,
		    unsigned long pfn, unsigned long size, pgprot_t prot)
{
	pgd_t *pgd;
	unsigned long next;
	unsigned long end = addr + PAGE_ALIGN(size);
	struct mm_struct *mm = vma->vm_mm;
	unsigned long remap_pfn = pfn;
	int err;

	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!PAGE_ALIGNED(addr)))
		return -EINVAL;

	/*
	 * Physically remapped pages are special. Tell the
	 * rest of the world about it:
	 *   VM_IO tells people not to look at these pages
	 *	(accesses can have side effects).
	 *   VM_PFNMAP tells the core MM that the base pages are just
	 *	raw PFN mappings, and do not have a "struct page" associated
	 *	with them.
	 *   VM_DONTEXPAND
	 *      Disable vma merging and expanding with mremap().
	 *   VM_DONTDUMP
	 *      Omit vma from core dump, even when VM_IO turned off.
	 *
	 * There's a horrible special case to handle copy-on-write
	 * behaviour that some programs depend on. We mark the "original"
	 * un-COW'ed pages by matching them up with "vma->vm_pgoff".
	 * See vm_normal_page() for details.
	 */
	if (is_cow_mapping(vma->vm_flags)) {
		if (addr != vma->vm_start || end != vma->vm_end)
			return -EINVAL;
		vma->vm_pgoff = pfn;
	}

	err = track_pfn_remap(vma, &prot, remap_pfn, addr, PAGE_ALIGN(size));
	if (err)
		return -EINVAL;

	vma->vm_flags |= VM_IO | VM_PFNMAP | VM_DONTEXPAND | VM_DONTDUMP;

	BUG_ON(addr >= end);
	pfn -= addr >> PAGE_SHIFT;
	pgd = pgd_offset(mm, addr);
	flush_cache_range(vma, addr, end);
	do {
		next = pgd_addr_end(addr, end);
		err = remap_p4d_range(mm, pgd, addr, next,
				pfn + (addr >> PAGE_SHIFT), prot);
		if (err)
			break;
	} while (pgd++, addr = next, addr != end);

	if (err)
		untrack_pfn(vma, remap_pfn, PAGE_ALIGN(size));

	return err;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(remap_pfn_range);

/**
 * remap_vmalloc_range - map vmalloc pages to userspace
 * @vma:		vma to cover (map full range of vma)
 * @addr:		vmalloc memory
 * @pgoff:		number of pages into addr before first page to map
 *
 * Returns:	0 for success, -Exxx on failure
 *
 * This function checks that addr is a valid vmalloc'ed area, and
 * that it is big enough to cover the vma. Will return failure if
 * that criteria isn't met.
 *
 * Similar to remap_pfn_range() (see mm/memory.c)
 */
int remap_vmalloc_range(struct vm_area_struct *vma, void *addr,
						unsigned long pgoff)
{
	return remap_vmalloc_range_partial(vma, vma->vm_start,
					   addr, pgoff,
					   vma->vm_end - vma->vm_start);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(remap_vmalloc_range);