1、所需要的软件:
1.1 Fedora16
Distributor ID:Fedora
Description:Fedora release 16 (Constantine)
1.2 Oracle10g
Oracle10g:10201_database_linux32.zip
2、安装前的准备:
2.1 查看安装的环境
2.1.1 内存和SWAP
[root@qiqi ~]# grep Mem /proc/meminfo
MemTotal: 1027096kB
MemFree: 70260kB
[root@qiqi ~]# grep Swap /proc/meminfo
SwapCached: 9580kB
SwapTotal: 2064380kB
SwapFree: 1984788kB
2.1.2 系统架构
[root@qiqi ~]# uname -m
i686
2.1.3 CPU
[root@qiqi ~]# grep "model name" /proc/cpuinfo
model name: Pentium(R)Dual-Core CPU E5200@ 2.50GHz
2.1.4 磁盘空间需求
/tmp空间至少有1G的可用空间
[root@qiqi ~]# df -h /tmp
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_qiqi-lv_root 18G 9.3G 7.9G 55% /
安装空间至少需要3.95G(因为我安装到home/oracle目录下面)
[root@qiqi ~]# df -h /home/oracle
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_qiqi-lv_root 18G 9.3G 7.9G 55% /
2.1.5 系统运行级别
[root@ qiqi ~]# who -r
run-level5 2012-03-29 15:28
3或者5均可
2.1.6 查看并修改操作系统release-id
(这里的步骤在个人PC下是可以不改的)
[root@qiqi ~]# yum -y install redhat-lsb
[root@qiqi ~]# lsb_release -id
DistributorID: Fedora
Description:Fedora release 16 (Constantine)
[root@qiqi ~]# vi /etc/RedHat-release
Fedorarelease 16 (Constantine)
改成
RedHat Enterprise Linux AS release 4 (Nahant Update 5)
安装完成以后改回即可
2.1.7 内核
[root@qiqi~]# uname -r
3.1.0-7.fc16.i686
需要2.6.9以上内核版本
2.2 安装依赖软件包
binutils
compat-db
control-center
compat-libstdc++
gcc
gcc-c++
glibc
glibc-common
gnome-libs
libstdc++
libstdc++-devel
make
pdksh(Fedora14 已经淘汰pdksh所以我们可以装ksh)
sysstat
xscreensaver
备注:
1) 查看兼容包rpm是否安装的命令:rpm –qa| grep 包名
2) 如果出现相应的信息就证明已经安装,如果什么都没有出现就表示没有安装。
3) 安装其他的rpm兼容包可以通过命令:yum –yinstall 包名 ,来进行安装。
4) 安装gcc最新的rpm包以后,在安装oracle时会出现"Unrecognizedoption (gcc) -no_cpprt"的错误,这是由于从fedora15开始,即是gcc4.6之后,已不再支持no_cpprt选项,而在gcc3.X上,此命令也是正确的。那么即可安装gcc3.X版本,进行安装。但实际上并不需要降级安装gcc3.X,而只需要安装compat-gcc-34,um install compat-gcc-34; 在安装之后,即会在/usr/bin下有一个gcc34的命令,此命令即可接受no_cpprt选项,实际上即是gcc3.X的兼容命令。现在只需要将gcc转换为gcc34即可。详细命令如下:
mv gcc gcc46
ln -s gcc34 gcc
这只是将gcc 4.6版本暂时替换成gcc34版本,现在再进行安装,oracle 10g即安装成功了。接下来即是和原来的使用一样了。待安装完成之后,再将gcc原来为gcc46即可。
5) 对于compat-libstdc++这个rpm包,yum软件包中不存在,所以需要从网上去下载安装,下载之后使用rpm –ivh 软件包,进行安装,由于fedora16安装需要的是compat-libstdc++-33包,所以如果下载下来的不是compat-libstdc++-33的兼容包,就必须通过yum进行rmp的更新,yum update compat-libstdc++,就可以将其更新为compat-libstdc++-33的rpm兼容包。
2.3 配置oracle安装所有者shell限制
2.3.1 vi /etc/security/limits.conf
添加如下内容:
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle - memlock unlimited
2.3.2 vi /etc/pam.d/login
添加如下内容:
session required pam_limits.so
session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so
2.3.3.vi /etc/profile
添加如下内容:
if [ $USER = "oracle" ];then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ];then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
umask 022
fi
2.3.4 配置内核参数
执行命令 vi/etc/sysctl.conf
添加如下内容:
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
fs.file-max = 65536
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
net.core.rmem_default = 1048576
net.core.rmem_max = 1048576
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 262144
保存退出
sysctl –p //应用更改
sysctl –a //查看更改
2.3.5 确保SELINUX为禁用状态使用vi编辑/etc/selinux/config文件,确保 : SELINUX=disabled
2.4 配置Oracle环境
2.4.1 创建用户组和用户
2.4.1.1 创建dba组
groupadd -g 502 dba
2.4.1.2 创建oper组
groupadd -g 503 oper
2.4.1.3 创建 asmadmin 组
groupadd -g 504 asmadmin
2.4.1.4 创建oinstall组
groupadd -g 505 oinstall
2.4.1.5 创建用户并将其指派到相应的组
useradd -u 505 –goinstall –Gdba,asmadmin,oper oracle
2.4.1.6 修改oralce用户的密码
passwd oracle
2.4.1.7检查确认用户
idoracle
2.4.2 创建安装目录并修改目录属性
2.4.1.1 创建目录
mkdir/oracle/u01/oracle
2.4.1.2 分配组
chown–R oracle:oinstall /oracle/u01/oracle
2.4.1.3分配权限
chmod –R 755 /oracle/u01/oracle
2.4.2 配置oracle用户环境
(在安装oracle时选择安装的路径一定要和ORACLE_BASE一致)
以oracle用户登录系统,用vi编辑~/.bash_profile文件,添加如下配置:
#oracle setting
TMP=/tmp
TMPDIR=$TMP
exportTMP TMPDIR
ORACLE_BASE=/oracle/u01/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0/db_1
ORACLE_SID=orcl
ORACLE_TERM=xterm
PATH=/usr/bin/:$PATH
PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
exportORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID ORACLE_TERM PATH
umask022
#endadding
3 安装Oracle10g数据库软件
3.1 拷贝文件Oracle10g
将oracle10g的zip文件拷贝到安装目录下面/oracle/u01/oracle
备注:可以通过FlashFXP将文件从xp系统中拷贝到虚拟机的fedora系统中。
3.2 解压zip文件
进入oracle目录
[oracle@qiqi~]$ cd /oracle/u01/oracle
解压文件
[oracle@qiqidatabase]$
unzip 10201_database_linux32.zip
3.3 安装
进入datebase目录
[oracle@qiqi~]$ cd /oracle/u01/oracle/database/
运行安装
[oracle@qiqidatabase]$ ./runInstaller
4 安装完成后的配置
4.1 创建监听
以oracle身份执行如下命令:
[root@qiqi~]$ su - oracle
密码:
[oracle@qiqi~]$ cd /oracle/u01/oracle/product/10.2/bin/
[oracle@qiqi bin]$ netca
进行OracleNet Services 的配置。
4.2 创建数据库
在/oracle/u01/oracle/product/10.2/bin目录下执行如下命令:
[oracle@qiqi bin]$ dbca
执行成功后出现数据库创建界面,数据库创建成功。
4.3 启动关闭监听和数据库
4.3.1 正常启动和关闭数据库
在正确无误安装oracle的情况下,启动数据库只需在oracle用户下输入dbstart“命令”(其实是启动oracle的一个脚本)即可。同样,关闭oracle只需输入dbshut“命令”即可。
4.3.2 启动数据库
[root@qiqi ~]$ su - oracle
密码:
[oracle@qiqi ~]$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production onTue Apr 19 09:43:24 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rightsreserved.
SQL> connect system/orcl as sysdba
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 285212672 bytes
Fixed Size 1218992 bytes
Variable Size 92276304 bytes
Database Buffers 188743680 bytes
Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> quit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 10gEnterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Miningoptions
4.3.3启动监听
[oracle@qiqi ~]$ lsnrctl start
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 -Production on 19-APR-2011 09:58:48
Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle. All rightsreserved.
Starting/opt/oracle/product/10.2/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...
TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 -Production
System parameter file is/opt/oracle/product/10.2/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to/opt/oracle/product/10.2/network/log/listener.log
Listening on:(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=127.0.0.1)(PORT=1521)))
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC0)))
Connecting to(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=127.0.0.1)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0- Production
Start Date 19-APR-2011 09:58:48
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 21 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File/opt/oracle/product/10.2/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File/opt/oracle/product/10.2/network/log/listener.log
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=127.0.0.1)(PORT=1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC0)))
Services Summary...
Service "ORCL" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "ORCL", status UNKNOWN,has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "PLSExtProc" has 1instance(s).
Instance "PLSExtProc", statusUNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
4.3.4 启动成功验证
[oracle@qiqi ~]$ sqlplus
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production onTue Apr 19 09:59:26 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rightsreserved.
Enter user-name: system
Enter password:
Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Miningoptions
SQL> startup mount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 285212672 bytes
Fixed Size 1218992 bytes
Variable Size 92276304 bytes
Database Buffers 188743680 bytes
Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> alter database open;
SQL> select * from tab;
TNAME TABTYPE CLUSTERID
------------------------------ -----------------
SYSCATALOG SYNONYM
CATALOG SYNONYM
TAB SYNONYM
COL SYNONYM
TABQUOTAS SYNONYM
SYSFILES SYNONYM
PUBLICSYN SYNONYM
MVIEW$_ADV_WORKLOAD TABLE
MVIEW$_ADV_BASETABLE TABLE
MVIEW$_ADV_SQLDEPEND TABLE
MVIEW$_ADV_PRETTY TABLE
TNAME TABTYPE CLUSTERID
------------------------------ -----------------
MVIEW$_ADV_TEMP TABLE
MVIEW$_ADV_FILTER TABLE
MVIEW$_ADV_LOG TABLE
MVIEW$_ADV_FILTERINSTANCE TABLE
MVIEW$_ADV_LEVEL TABLE
MVIEW$_ADV_ROLLUP TABLE
MVIEW$_ADV_AJG TABLE
MVIEW$_ADV_FJG TABLE
MVIEW$_ADV_GC TABLE
MVIEW$_ADV_CLIQUE TABLE
MVIEW$_ADV_ELIGIBLE TABLE
TNAME TABTYPE CLUSTERID
------------------------------ -----------------
MVIEW$_ADV_OUTPUT TABLE
MVIEW$_ADV_EXCEPTIONS TABLE
MVIEW$_ADV_PARAMETERS TABLE
MVIEW$_ADV_INFO TABLE
MVIEW$_ADV_JOURNAL TABLE
MVIEW$_ADV_PLAN TABLE
MVIEW_WORKLOAD VIEW
MVIEW_FILTER VIEW
MVIEW_LOG VIEW
MVIEW_FILTERINSTANCE VIEW
MVIEW_RECOMMENDATIONS VIEW
TNAME TABTYPE CLUSTERID
------------------------------ -----------------
MVIEW_EVALUATIONS VIEW
MVIEW_EXCEPTIONS VIEW
AQ$_QUEUE_TABLES TABLE
AQ$_QUEUES TABLE
AQ$_SCHEDULES TABLE
AQ$_INTERNET_AGENTS TABLE
AQ$_INTERNET_AGENT_PRIVS TABLE
DEF$_AQCALL TABLE
DEF$_AQERROR TABLE
AQ$_DEF$_AQCALL_F VIEW
AQ$DEF$_AQCALL VIEW