奇怪的Spring找不到类异常FatalBeanException

今天接手一个Maven项目，导入Eclipse和部署到Tomcat一切正常，但运行Tomcat到Spring初始化上下文时就报：
java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError:org.springframework.beans.FatalBeanException
再三查看项目lib，确认有spring-beans这个jar包，各种修改发布引用的包路径和重新部署，依旧不行，非常奇怪。

问题描述

　　运行Tomcat，Spring上下文尚未初始化成功就抛出找不到类异常，堆栈信息如下，

    2016-03-21 21:31:44 [org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader]-[ERROR] Context initialization failed
    java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org.springframework.beans.FatalBeanException
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:547)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:476)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:303)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:230)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:299)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:194)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:755)
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:757)
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:480)
    at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:434)
    at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.initWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:306)
    at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener.contextInitialized(ContextLoaderListener.java:106)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.listenerStart(StandardContext.java:4738)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5181)
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:725)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:701)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:717)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDescriptor(HostConfig.java:586)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig$DeployDescriptor.run(HostConfig.java:1780)
    at java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Unknown Source)
    at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(Unknown Source)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(Unknown Source)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(Unknown Source)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Unknown Source)

解决过程

1. 按正常思维，报哪个类找不到就看那个类有没有，对应的jar有没有引用部署，确定是部署且存在的，正常思维行不通。
2. 怀疑虽有引用，但类的确有可能找不到，在自己业务代码中直接声明一个FatalBeanException引用，运行通过，说明Spring报这个类找不到，并不是这个类找不到，可能是其他错误。
3. 根据堆栈信息在对应类代码上打断点，Debug运行跟踪AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean()方法，发现抛出的实际异常是java.lang.StackOverflowError

    // Initialize the bean instance.
    Object exposedObject = bean;
    try {
        populateBean(beanName, mbd, instanceWrapper);
        if (exposedObject != null) {
            exposedObject = initializeBean(beanName, exposedObject, mbd);
        }
    }
    catch (Throwable ex) {
        if (ex instanceof BeanCreationException && beanName.equals(((BeanCreationException) ex).getBeanName())) {
            throw (BeanCreationException) ex;
        }
        //抛出的是这个异常，ex为java.lang.StackOverflowError
        else {
            throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Initialization of bean failed", ex);
        }
    }

解决办法

　　定位到真实异常是java.lang.StackOverflowError，问题就迎刃而解：增大Tomcat运行时JVM的栈大小-Xss512k。