android中的图片处理（三）

android图片处理（三）缓存
一、利用运行内存，（这时候从缓存中加载图片时不需要开启额外线程）
一些组件想ListView ，GridView，ViewPaper往往需要加载大量的图片，缓存已经浏览过的图片，往往能够有更好的用户体验（不需要重新获取）

首先利用运行内存来缓存图片LruCache类



private LruCache<String, Bitmap> mMemoryCache;

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    ...
    // Get max available VM memory, exceeding this amount will throw an
    // OutOfMemory exception. Stored in kilobytes as LruCache takes an
    // int in its constructor.
    final int maxMemory = (int) (Runtime.getRuntime().maxMemory() / 1024);

    // Use 1/8th of the available memory for this memory cache.
    final int cacheSize = maxMemory / 8;

    mMemoryCache = new LruCache<String, Bitmap>(cacheSize) {
        @Override
        protected int sizeOf(String key, Bitmap bitmap) {
            // The cache size will be measured in kilobytes rather than
            // number of items.
            return bitmap.getByteCount() / 1024;
        }
    };
    ...
}

public void addBitmapToMemoryCache(String key, Bitmap bitmap) {
    if (getBitmapFromMemCache(key) == null) {
        mMemoryCache.put(key, bitmap);
    }
}

public Bitmap getBitmapFromMemCache(String key) {
    return mMemoryCache.get(key);
}

当要加载图片时，先去LruCache中寻找，如果找到则直接加载，否则再重新获取（从网上或者本地）
public void loadBitmap(int resId, ImageView imageView) {
    final String imageKey = String.valueOf(resId);

    final Bitmap bitmap = getBitmapFromMemCache(imageKey);
    if (bitmap != null) {
        mImageView.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
    } else {
        mImageView.setImageResource(R.drawable.image_placeholder);
        BitmapWorkerTask task = new BitmapWorkerTask(mImageView);
        task.execute(resId);
    }
}

//异步任务负责加载图片到运行内存
class BitmapWorkerTask extends AsyncTask<Integer, Void, Bitmap> {
    ...
    // Decode image in background.
    @Override
    protected Bitmap doInBackground(Integer... params) {
        final Bitmap bitmap = decodeSampledBitmapFromResource(
                getResources(), params[0], 100, 100));
        addBitmapToMemoryCache(String.valueOf(params[0]), bitmap);
        return bitmap;
    }
    ...
}



二、利用sd卡缓存图片

利用运行内存来缓存图片虽然非常快，但是有潜在缺点，在上面的代码中
 final int maxMemory = (int) (Runtime.getRuntime().maxMemory() / 1024);

    // Use 1/8th of the available memory for this memory cache.
    final int cacheSize = maxMemory / 8;

	是分配了该应用程序的1/8作为缓存大小的，如果想GridView一次要加载大量图片时，缓存大小往往不够用，
	更重要的是，如果正在浏览图片过程中，突然来了电话，你的缓存中的图片很可能被清空，当返回该应用程序时
	只能重新加载

	利用SD卡缓存可以解决上述缺点，但是SD卡的速度稍慢，而且由于加载的不可预期性，从SD卡缓存中加载图片需要
	另开一个线程

private DiskLruCache mDiskLruCache;
private final Object mDiskCacheLock = new Object();
private boolean mDiskCacheStarting = true;
private static final int DISK_CACHE_SIZE = 1024 * 1024 * 10; // 10MB
private static final String DISK_CACHE_SUBDIR = "thumbnails";

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    ...
    // Initialize memory cache
    ...
    // Initialize disk cache on background thread
    File cacheDir = getDiskCacheDir(this, DISK_CACHE_SUBDIR);
    new InitDiskCacheTask().execute(cacheDir);
    ...
}

class InitDiskCacheTask extends AsyncTask<File, Void, Void> {
    @Override
    protected Void doInBackground(File... params) {
        synchronized (mDiskCacheLock) {
            File cacheDir = params[0];
            mDiskLruCache = DiskLruCache.open(cacheDir, DISK_CACHE_SIZE);
            mDiskCacheStarting = false; // Finished initialization
            mDiskCacheLock.notifyAll(); // Wake any waiting threads
        }
        return null;
    }
}

class BitmapWorkerTask extends AsyncTask<Integer, Void, Bitmap> {
    ...
    // Decode image in background.
    @Override
    protected Bitmap doInBackground(Integer... params) {
        final String imageKey = String.valueOf(params[0]);

        // Check disk cache in background thread
        Bitmap bitmap = getBitmapFromDiskCache(imageKey);

        if (bitmap == null) { // Not found in disk cache
            // Process as normal
            final Bitmap bitmap = decodeSampledBitmapFromResource(
                    getResources(), params[0], 100, 100));
        }

        // Add final bitmap to caches
        addBitmapToCache(imageKey, bitmap);

        return bitmap;
    }
    ...
}

public void addBitmapToCache(String key, Bitmap bitmap) {
    // Add to memory cache as before
    if (getBitmapFromMemCache(key) == null) {
        mMemoryCache.put(key, bitmap);
    }

    // Also add to disk cache
    synchronized (mDiskCacheLock) {
        if (mDiskLruCache != null && mDiskLruCache.get(key) == null) {
            mDiskLruCache.put(key, bitmap);
        }
    }
}

public Bitmap getBitmapFromDiskCache(String key) {
    synchronized (mDiskCacheLock) {
        // Wait while disk cache is started from background thread
        while (mDiskCacheStarting) {
            try {
                mDiskCacheLock.wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {}
        }
        if (mDiskLruCache != null) {
            return mDiskLruCache.get(key);
        }
    }
    return null;
}

// Creates a unique subdirectory of the designated app cache directory. Tries to use external
// but if not mounted, falls back on internal storage.
public static File getDiskCacheDir(Context context, String uniqueName) {
    // Check if media is mounted or storage is built-in, if so, try and use external cache dir
    // otherwise use internal cache dir
    final String cachePath =
            Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED.equals(Environment.getExternalStorageState()) ||
                    !isExternalStorageRemovable() ? getExternalCacheDir(context).getPath() :
                            context.getCacheDir().getPath();

    return new File(cachePath + File.separator + uniqueName);
}


Note: Even initializing the disk cache requires disk operations and therefore should not 
take place on the main thread. However, this does mean there's a chance the cache is accessed before initialization.
To address this, in the above implementation, a lock object ensures that the app does not read from the disk cache
until the cache has been initialized




Runtime configuration changes, such as a screen orientation change, cause Android to destroy and restart the running activity
with the new configuration (For more information about this behavior, see Handling Runtime Changes). You want to avoid having
to process all your images again so the user has a smooth and fast experience when a configuration change occurs.

Luckily, you have a nice memory cache of bitmaps that you built in the Use a Memory Cache section. 
This cache can be passed through to the new activity instance using a Fragment which is preserved by calling setRetainInstance(true)).
After the activity has been recreated, this retained Fragment is reattached and you gain access to the existing cache object,
allowing images to be quickly fetched and re-populated into the ImageView objects.

Here’s an example of retaining a LruCache object across configuration changes using a Fragment:

private LruCache<String, Bitmap> mMemoryCache;

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    ...
    RetainFragment retainFragment =
            RetainFragment.findOrCreateRetainFragment(getFragmentManager());
    mMemoryCache = retainFragment.mRetainedCache;
    if (mMemoryCache == null) {
        mMemoryCache = new LruCache<String, Bitmap>(cacheSize) {
            ... // Initialize cache here as usual
        }
        retainFragment.mRetainedCache = mMemoryCache;
    }
    ...
}

class RetainFragment extends Fragment {
    private static final String TAG = "RetainFragment";
    public LruCache<String, Bitmap> mRetainedCache;

    public RetainFragment() {}

    public static RetainFragment findOrCreateRetainFragment(FragmentManager fm) {
        RetainFragment fragment = (RetainFragment) fm.findFragmentByTag(TAG);
        if (fragment == null) {
            fragment = new RetainFragment();
        }
        return fragment;
    }

    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setRetainInstance(true);
    }
}