Java LinkedList 实现原理

LinkedList 大家都不陌生，来看看他的实现原理，首先声明，他是一个双链条，即previous，next 

   /**
     * Constructs a new empty instance of {@code LinkedList}.
     */
    public LinkedList() {
        voidLink = new Link<E>(null, null, null);
        voidLink.previous = voidLink;
        voidLink.next = voidLink;
    }

默认无参构造方法中，新建了一个空节点，他的previous,next都 指向他自己。另外一个构造方法：

   /**
     * Constructs a new instance of {@code LinkedList} that holds all of the
     * elements contained in the specified {@code collection}. The order of the
     * elements in this new {@code LinkedList} will be determined by the
     * iteration order of {@code collection}.
     *
     * @param collection
     *            the collection of elements to add.
     */
    public LinkedList(Collection<? extends E> collection) {
        this();
        addAll(collection);
    }

默认添加节点的位置是在最后：

/**
     * Adds the specified object at the end of this {@code LinkedList}.
     *
     * @param object
     *            the object to add.
     * @return always true
     */
    @Override
    public boolean add(E object) {
        return addLastImpl(object);
    }

    private boolean addLastImpl(E object) {
        Link<E> oldLast = voidLink.previous;
        Link<E> newLink = new Link<E>(object, oldLast, voidLink);
        voidLink.previous = newLink;
        oldLast.next = newLink;
        size++;
        modCount++;
        return true;
    }

其中链条的设置顺序为：

1.先设置新添加的节点的previous,next

2.然后设置老节点的next,和空节点的previous,完成节点链条的设置值。

3.总大小自增，修改次数自增

属性modCount的作用在于：

private class SimpleListIterator implements Iterator<E> {
        int pos = -1;

        int expectedModCount;

        int lastPosition = -1;

        SimpleListIterator() {
            expectedModCount = modCount;
        }

        public boolean hasNext() {
            return pos + 1 < size();
        }

        public E next() {
            if (expectedModCount == modCount) {
                try {
                    E result = get(pos + 1);
                    lastPosition = ++pos;
                    return result;
                } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
                    throw new NoSuchElementException();
                }
            }
            throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
        }

        public void remove() {
            if (this.lastPosition == -1) {
                throw new IllegalStateException();
            }

            if (expectedModCount != modCount) {
                throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
            }

            try {
                AbstractList.this.remove(lastPosition);
            } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
                throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
            }

            expectedModCount = modCount;
            if (pos == lastPosition) {
                pos--;
            }
            lastPosition = -1;
        }
    }

当你在遍历整个list列表数据时，如果异步线程修改了这个列表的数据时，这个list遍历过程能够及时的抛错并退出当前的遍历，可以很好的保护数据读取的一致性。
如果我们要移除一部分数据时：

    /**
     * Removes the object at the specified location from this {@code LinkedList}.
     *
     * @param location
     *            the index of the object to remove
     * @return the removed object
     * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException
     *             if {@code location < 0 || location >= size()}
     */
    @Override
    public E remove(int location) {
        if (location >= 0 && location < size) {
            Link<E> link = voidLink;
            if (location < (size / 2)) {
                for (int i = 0; i <= location; i++) {
                    link = link.next;
                }
            } else {
                for (int i = size; i > location; i--) {
                    link = link.previous;
                }
            }
            Link<E> previous = link.previous;
            Link<E> next = link.next;
            previous.next = next;
            next.previous = previous;
            size--;
            modCount++;
            return link.data;
        }
        throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
    }

移除数据相对比较简单：

1.定位移除节点的位置

2.上一节点的next 设值

3.下一节点的previous 设值
相关的方法： removeFirstImpl，removeLastImpl

其中里面有一个关键字：transient