使用zookeeper实现分布式锁

在zookeeper中，根据zookeeper的特性，我们有两种方式来实现分布式锁。

实现方式一：

在zookeeper节点下面，让需要获得锁的程序，都去创建名为Lock的临时节点，因为多实例创建的节点名称相同，只会有一个实例创建节点成功，那么这个实例就可以获得锁，就可以去执行本身代码逻辑，其他没有创建成功的实例，就去注册一个watch去监听Lock节点，当抢到锁的实例执行完本身程序后，就会去删除自己创建的Lock节点，那么就会触发watch机制，监听这个节点的其他实例就会再次去尝试创建这个节点，从而实现分布式锁。

其实现分布式锁的原理就是：zookeeper中节点不重名 + watch机制。流程图如下：

 

 

代码实现如下：

public class ZKDistributeLock implements Lock {

	private String lockPath;
	private ZkClient client;
	// 锁重入计数
	private ThreadLocal<Integer> reentrantCount = new ThreadLocal<>();

	public ZKDistributeLock(String lockPath) {
		super();
		this.lockPath = lockPath;

		client = new ZkClient("localhost:2181");
		client.setZkSerializer(new MyZkSerializer());
	}

	@Override
	public boolean tryLock() { // 不会阻塞
		if (this.reentrantCount.get() != null) {
			int count = this.reentrantCount.get();
			if (count > 0) {
				this.reentrantCount.set(++count);
				return true;
			}
		}
		// 创建节点
		try {
			client.createEphemeral(lockPath);
			this.reentrantCount.set(1);
		} catch (ZkNodeExistsException e) {
			return false;
		}
		return true;
	}

	@Override
	public void unlock() {
		// 重入的释放锁处理
		if (this.reentrantCount.get() != null) {
			int count = this.reentrantCount.get();
			if (count > 1) {
				this.reentrantCount.set(--count);
				return;
			} else {
				this.reentrantCount.set(null);
			}
		}
		client.delete(lockPath);
	}

	@Override
	public void lock() { // 如果获取不到锁，阻塞等待
		if (!tryLock()) {
			// 没获得锁，阻塞自己
			waitForLock();
			// 再次尝试
			lock();
		}

	}

	private void waitForLock() {

		CountDownLatch cdl = new CountDownLatch(1);

		IZkDataListener listener = new IZkDataListener() {

			@Override
			public void handleDataDeleted(String dataPath) throws Exception {
				System.out.println("----收到节点被删除了-------------");
				cdl.countDown();
			}

			@Override
			public void handleDataChange(String dataPath, Object data) throws Exception {
			}
		};
		client.subscribeDataChanges(lockPath, listener);
		// 阻塞自己
		if (this.client.exists(lockPath)) {
			try {
				cdl.await();
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
		// 取消注册
		client.unsubscribeDataChanges(lockPath, listener);
	}

	@Override
	public void lockInterruptibly() throws InterruptedException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub

	}

	@Override
	public boolean tryLock(long time, TimeUnit unit) throws InterruptedException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return false;
	}

	@Override
	public Condition newCondition() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return null;
	}

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// 并发数
		int currency = 50;
		// 循环屏障
		CyclicBarrier cb = new CyclicBarrier(currency);
		// 多线程模拟高并发
		for (int i = 0; i < currency; i++) {
			new Thread(new Runnable() {
				public void run() {
					System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "---------我准备好---------------");
					// 等待一起出发
					try {
						cb.await();
					} catch (InterruptedException | BrokenBarrierException e) {
						e.printStackTrace();
					}
					ZKDistributeLock lock = new ZKDistributeLock("/distLock11");

					try {
						lock.lock();
						System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 获得锁！");
					} finally {
						lock.unlock();
					}
				}
			}).start();

		}
	}
}

用此方法实现的分布式锁，存在的缺点就是会产生惊群效应，当一个线程去释放掉锁的时候，其它线程都回去抢占这个锁资源，如果线程太多，影响其性能。

实现方式二：

可以在zookeeper节点下面创建一个Lock节点，并在其下面创建临时顺序节点，当第一个节点抢到锁后，后面的节点，只会去watch自己的上一个节点，当自己的上一个节点释放锁后，只会触发下个节点的watch机制，不会引起惊群效应，提高效率。

实现原理：取号 + 最小号获得锁 + watch机制

流程图如下：

代码实现如下：

public class ZKDistributeImproveLock implements Lock {

	/*
	 * 利用临时顺序节点来实现分布式锁
	 * 获取锁：取排队号（创建自己的临时顺序节点），然后判断自己是否是最小号，如是，则获得锁；不是，则注册前一节点的watcher,阻塞等待
	 * 释放锁：删除自己创建的临时顺序节点
	 */
	private String lockPath;
	private ZkClient client;
	private ThreadLocal<String> currentPath = new ThreadLocal<>();
	private ThreadLocal<String> beforePath = new ThreadLocal<>();
	// 锁重入计数
	private ThreadLocal<Integer> reentrantCount = new ThreadLocal<>();

	public ZKDistributeImproveLock(String lockPath) {
		super();
		this.lockPath = lockPath;
		client = new ZkClient("localhost:2181");
		client.setZkSerializer(new MyZkSerializer());
		if (!this.client.exists(lockPath)) {
			try {
				this.client.createPersistent(lockPath);
			} catch (ZkNodeExistsException e) {

			}
		}
	}

	@Override
	public boolean tryLock() {
		if (this.reentrantCount.get() != null) {
			int count = this.reentrantCount.get();
			if (count > 0) {
				this.reentrantCount.set(++count);
				return true;
			}
		}

		if (this.currentPath.get() == null) {
			currentPath.set(this.client.createEphemeralSequential(lockPath + "/", "aaa"));
		}
		// 获得所有的子
		List<String> children = this.client.getChildren(lockPath);
		// 排序list
		Collections.sort(children);
		// 判断当前节点是否是最小的
		if (currentPath.get().equals(lockPath + "/" + children.get(0))) {
			this.reentrantCount.set(1);
			return true;
		} else {
			// 取到前一个
			// 得到字节的索引号
			int curIndex = children.indexOf(currentPath.get().substring(lockPath.length() + 1));
			beforePath.set(lockPath + "/" + children.get(curIndex - 1));
		}
		return false;
	}

	@Override
	public void lock() {
		if (!tryLock()) {
			// 阻塞等待
			waitForLock();
			// 再次尝试加锁
			lock();
		}
	}

	private void waitForLock() {
		CountDownLatch cdl = new CountDownLatch(1);
		// 注册watcher
		IZkDataListener listener = new IZkDataListener() {

			@Override
			public void handleDataDeleted(String dataPath) throws Exception {
				System.out.println("-----监听到节点被删除");
				cdl.countDown();
			}

			@Override
			public void handleDataChange(String dataPath, Object data) throws Exception {

			}
		};

		client.subscribeDataChanges(this.beforePath.get(), listener);

		// 怎么让自己阻塞
		if (this.client.exists(this.beforePath.get())) {
			try {
				cdl.await();
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
		// 醒来后，取消watcher
		client.unsubscribeDataChanges(this.beforePath.get(), listener);
	}

	@Override
	public void unlock() {
		// 重入的释放锁处理
		if (this.reentrantCount.get() != null) {
			int count = this.reentrantCount.get();
			if (count > 1) {
				this.reentrantCount.set(--count);
				return;
			} else {
				this.reentrantCount.set(null);
			}
		}
		// 删除节点
		this.client.delete(this.currentPath.get());
	}

	@Override
	public void lockInterruptibly() throws InterruptedException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
	}

	@Override
	public boolean tryLock(long time, TimeUnit unit) throws InterruptedException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return false;
	}

	@Override
	public Condition newCondition() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return null;
	}

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// 并发数
		int currency = 50;
		// 循环屏障
		CyclicBarrier cb = new CyclicBarrier(currency);
		// 多线程模拟高并发
		for (int i = 0; i < currency; i++) {
			new Thread(new Runnable() {
				public void run() {
					System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "---------我准备好---------------");
					// 等待一起出发
					try {
						cb.await();
					} catch (InterruptedException | BrokenBarrierException e) {
						e.printStackTrace();
					}
					ZKDistributeImproveLock lock = new ZKDistributeImproveLock("/distLock");

					try {
						lock.lock();
						System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 获得锁！");
					} finally {
						lock.unlock();
					}
				}
			}).start();
		}
	}
}