centos 7安装mysql数据库

1.mysql搜狐镜像站： 

http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/

# wget -c http://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.9-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz

2. 创建mysql的用户组/用户, data目录及其用户目录

# groupadd mysql # useradd -g mysql -d /home/mysql mysql

# passwd mysql

3. 解压安装包并将解压包里的内容拷贝到mysql的安装目录/usr/local/mysql

# tar -xzvf mysql-5.7.9-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz # mv mysql-5.7.9-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 mysql # mv mysql /usr/local

4. 初始化mysql数据库

# cd /usr/local/mysql # ./bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data 2015-11-10 02:09:17 [WARNING] mysql_install_db is deprecated. Please consider switching to mysqld --initialize 2015-11-10 02:09:23 [WARNING] The bootstrap log isn't empty: 2015-11-10 02:09:23 [WARNING] 2015-11-10T10:09:18.114182Z 0 [Warning] --bootstrap is deprecated. Please consider using --initialize instead 2015-11-10T10:09:18.129343Z 0 [Warning] Changed limits: max_open_files: 1024 (requested 5000) 2015-11-10T10:09:18.129408Z 0 [Warning] Changed limits: table_open_cache: 431 (requested 2000)

 

p.s. : mysql5.7新特性：由上面可以看出， mysql_install_db 已经不再推荐使用了，建议改成 mysqld --initialize 完成实例初始化。

# ./bin/mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --initialize

改用 mysqld --initialize 后，如果 datadir 指向的目标目录下已经有数据文件, 会出现如下提示：

# ./bin/mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --initialize 2016-04-08T01:46:53.153530Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details). 2016-04-08T01:46:53.155856Z 0 [ERROR] --initialize specified but the data directory has files in it. Aborting. 2016-04-08T01:46:53.155879Z 0 [ERROR] Aborting

由上可知， 我们需要清空mysql的data目录， 执行清空命令如下：

# cd /usr/local/mysql/data # rm -fr *

然后重新执行初始化命令如下：

# ./bin/mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --initialize 2016-04-08T01:47:57.556677Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details). 2016-04-08T01:47:59.945537Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790 2016-04-08T01:48:00.333528Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables. 2016-04-08T01:48:00.434908Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: ece26421-fd2b-11e5-a1e3-00163e001e5c. 2016-04-08T01:48:00.440125Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened. 2016-04-08T01:48:00.440904Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: **mjT,#x_5sW

牢记上面的随机密码， 如上**mjT,#x_5sW, 下面我们修改密码时需要用到。

5. 检测下是否能启动mysql服务

# cd /usr/local/mysql # ./support-files/mysql.server start Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!

若改用了/home/mysql为mysql的安装目录basedir， 则在启动服务时会出现如下错误：

# ./support-files/mysql.server start ./support-files/mysql.server: line 276: cd: /usr/local/mysql: No such file or directory Starting MySQL ERROR! Couldn't find MySQL server (/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe)

由上面可知mysql的tar.gz安装包的默认安装目录为/usr/local/mysql， 这时候我们需要修改/support-files/mysql.server文件的basedir和datadir目录路径为我们环境所在的mysql的basedir和datadir路径， 如下：

# vim support-files/mysql.server -------------------------- ... basedir=/usr/local/mysql datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data ... -------------------------- # ./support-files/mysql.server start Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!

6. 创建软链接

# ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/bin/mysql

 

7. 创建配置文件

将默认生成的my.cnf备份

# mv /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.bak

进入mysql的安装目录支持文件目录

# cd /usr/local/mysql/support-files

拷贝配置文件模板为新的mysql配置文件,

# cp my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf

可按需修改新的配置文件选项， 不修改配置选项， mysql则按默认配置参数运行. 

如下是我修改配置文件/etc/my.cnf， 设置编码为utf8以防乱码

# vim /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] basedir = /usr/local/mysql datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data character_set_server=utf8 init_connect='SET NAMES utf8' [client] default-character-set=utf8

8. 配置mysql服务开机自动启动

拷贝启动文件到/etc/init.d/下并重命令为mysqld

# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

增加执行权限

# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld

检查自启动项列表中没有mysqld这个，如果没有就添加mysqld：

# chkconfig --list mysqld # chkconfig --add mysqld

设置MySQL在345等级自动启动

# chkconfig --level 345 mysqld on

或用这个命令设置开机启动：

# chkconfig mysqld on

9. mysql服务的启动/重启/停止

启动mysql服务

# service mysqld start

重启mysql服务

# service mysqld restart

停止mysql服务

# service mysqld stop

 

10. 初始化mysql用户root的密码

先将mysql服务停止

# service mysqld stop

进入mysql安装目录， 执行：

# cd /usr/local/mysql # ./bin/mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables --skip-networking& [1] 6225 [root@localhost mysql]# 151110 02:46:08 mysqld_safe Logging to '/home/mysql/data/localhost.localdomain.err'. 151110 02:46:08 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /home/mysql/data另外打开一个终端(p.s. 如果是ssh连接登录的, 另外创建一个ssh连接即可）， 执行操作如下：

# mysql -u root mysql Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 2 Server version: 5.7.9 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> use mysql; Database changed mysql> UPDATE user SET password=PASSWORD('123456') WHERE user='root'; ERROR 1054 (42S22): Unknown column 'password' in 'field list' mysql> update user set authentication_string = PASSWORD('123456') where user = 'root'; Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.02 sec) Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 1 mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> \s -------------- mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.9, for linux-glibc2.5 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper Connection id: 2 Current database: mysql Current user: root@ SSL: Not in use Current pager: stdout Using outfile: '' Using delimiter: ; Server version: 5.7.9 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Protocol version: 10 Connection: Localhost via UNIX socket Server characterset: utf8 Db characterset: utf8 Client characterset: utf8 Conn. characterset: utf8 UNIX socket: /tmp/mysql.sock Uptime: 4 min 47 sec Threads: 1 Questions: 43 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 127 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 122 Queries per second avg: 0.149 -------------- mysql> exit; Bye

到此， 设置完mysql用户root的密码且确保mysql编码集是utf8, 注意上面， 新版本的mysql.user表里的密码字段是authentication_string

快捷键ctrl + c停止# ./bin/mysqld_safe ...命令， 重新启动mysql服务， 用新密码连接mysql：

# service mysqld start Starting MySQL SUCCESS! [root@localhost bin]# mysql -uroot -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 3 Server version: 5.7.9 Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> use mysql; ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement. mysql > exit; Bye

咦？又要我改密码， 我们通过mysqladmin来修改密码， 先输入原密码， 再设置新密码， 总算可以了吧！！！

# cd /usr/local/mysql # ./bin/mysqladmin -u root -p password Enter password: New password: Confirm new password: Warning: Since password will be sent to server in plain text, use ssl connection to ensure password safety. # mysql -uroot -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 6 Server version: 5.7.9 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> use mysql; Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed mysql>

或直接：

# ./bin/mysqladmin -uroot -p'**mjT,#x_5sW' password '123456' mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Warning: Since password will be sent to server in plain text, use ssl connection to ensure password safety.

其中， **mjT,#x_5sW就是我们在使用mysqld --initialize时牢记下的随机密码

11. mysql远程授权

格式如下：

mysql> grant all [privileges] on db_name.table_name to 'username'@'host' identified by 'password';

示例如下：

mysql>

grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by '123456' WITH GRANT OPTION; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.04 sec) mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql>