tf keras Dense源码解析

环境

package	version
tensorflow	2.3.0
keras	2.4.3

源码

class Dense(Layer):
  def __init__(self,
               units,
               activation=None,
               use_bias=True,
               kernel_initializer='glorot_uniform',
               bias_initializer='zeros',
               kernel_regularizer=None,
               bias_regularizer=None,
               activity_regularizer=None,
               kernel_constraint=None,
               bias_constraint=None,
               **kwargs):
    super(Dense, self).__init__(
        activity_regularizer=activity_regularizer, **kwargs)

    self.units = int(units) if not isinstance(units, int) else units
    self.activation = activations.get(activation)
    self.use_bias = use_bias
    self.kernel_initializer = initializers.get(kernel_initializer)
    self.bias_initializer = initializers.get(bias_initializer)
    self.kernel_regularizer = regularizers.get(kernel_regularizer)
    self.bias_regularizer = regularizers.get(bias_regularizer)
    self.kernel_constraint = constraints.get(kernel_constraint)
    self.bias_constraint = constraints.get(bias_constraint)

    self.input_spec = InputSpec(min_ndim=2)
    self.supports_masking = True

  def build(self, input_shape):
    dtype = dtypes.as_dtype(self.dtype or K.floatx())
    if not (dtype.is_floating or dtype.is_complex):
      raise TypeError('Unable to build `Dense` layer with non-floating point '
                      'dtype %s' % (dtype,))

    input_shape = tensor_shape.TensorShape(input_shape)
    last_dim = tensor_shape.dimension_value(input_shape[-1])
    if last_dim is None:
      raise ValueError('The last dimension of the inputs to `Dense` '
                       'should be defined. Found `None`.')
    self.input_spec = InputSpec(min_ndim=2, axes={-1: last_dim})
    self.kernel = self.add_weight(
        'kernel',
        shape=[last_dim, self.units],
        initializer=self.kernel_initializer,
        regularizer=self.kernel_regularizer,
        constraint=self.kernel_constraint,
        dtype=self.dtype,
        trainable=True)
    if self.use_bias:
      self.bias = self.add_weight(
          'bias',
          shape=[self.units,],
          initializer=self.bias_initializer,
          regularizer=self.bias_regularizer,
          constraint=self.bias_constraint,
          dtype=self.dtype,
          trainable=True)
    else:
      self.bias = None
    self.built = True

  def call(self, inputs):
    return core_ops.dense(
        inputs,
        self.kernel,
        self.bias,
        self.activation,
        dtype=self._compute_dtype_object)

  def compute_output_shape(self, input_shape):
    input_shape = tensor_shape.TensorShape(input_shape)
    input_shape = input_shape.with_rank_at_least(2)
    if tensor_shape.dimension_value(input_shape[-1]) is None:
      raise ValueError(
          'The innermost dimension of input_shape must be defined, but saw: %s'
          % input_shape)
    return input_shape[:-1].concatenate(self.units)

  def get_config(self):
    config = super(Dense, self).get_config()
    config.update({
        'units':
            self.units,
        'activation':
            activations.serialize(self.activation),
        'use_bias':
            self.use_bias,
        'kernel_initializer':
            initializers.serialize(self.kernel_initializer),
        'bias_initializer':
            initializers.serialize(self.bias_initializer),
        'kernel_regularizer':
            regularizers.serialize(self.kernel_regularizer),
        'bias_regularizer':
            regularizers.serialize(self.bias_regularizer),
        'activity_regularizer':
            regularizers.serialize(self.activity_regularizer),
        'kernel_constraint':
            constraints.serialize(self.kernel_constraint),
        'bias_constraint':
            constraints.serialize(self.bias_constraint)
    })
    return config

查看源码可以看到最简单的Dense总共有四个方法

1. init 初始该层
2. build 初始weight和bias
3. call 计算
4. get_config 获取config

init

创建时各个参数的含义

parms	x
units	激活单元
activation	激活函数
use_bias	是否用偏移量
initializer	矩阵初始化的方法
regularizer	权重正则化的方法
constraint	限制方法

build

初始化后就可以创建权重矩阵和偏移矩阵了(weight bias)，主要运用的add_weight方法

call

计算，用的是core_ops.dense方法，以下是dense源码

def dense(inputs, kernel, bias=None, activation=None, dtype=None):
  if dtype:
    if inputs.dtype.base_dtype != dtype.base_dtype:
      inputs = math_ops.cast(inputs, dtype=dtype)

  rank = inputs.shape.rank
  if rank == 2 or rank is None:
    if isinstance(inputs, sparse_tensor.SparseTensor):
      outputs = sparse_ops.sparse_tensor_dense_matmul(inputs, kernel)
    else:
      outputs = gen_math_ops.mat_mul(inputs, kernel)
  # Broadcast kernel to inputs.
  else:
    outputs = standard_ops.tensordot(inputs, kernel, [[rank - 1], [0]])
    # Reshape the output back to the original ndim of the input.
    if not context.executing_eagerly():
      shape = inputs.shape.as_list()
      output_shape = shape[:-1] + [kernel.shape[-1]]
      outputs.set_shape(output_shape)

  if bias is not None:
    outputs = nn_ops.bias_add(outputs, bias)

  if activation is not None:
    outputs = activation(outputs)

  return outputs

## TODO:乘法区别

这里input是个tensor，所以有rank变量，rank即tensor是几维的
一个是 sparse_ops.sparse_tensor_dense_matmul 和 gen_math_ops.mat_mul
一个是 standard_ops.tensordot

compute_output_shape

根据input和units，计算output_shape

get_config

返回config dict