注解使用方法（持续更新。。。）

一、初识注解入门使用：

PS：先导入junit-4.11.jar和hamcrest-core-1.3.jar两个包，缺一不可！！！（两个jar包在IDEA的安装目录的lib文件夹下都有，无需重新下载！）

具体方法：点击链接，博主另有文章具体介绍！

1、测试类注解：（@Test）

import org.junit.Test;

public class test {
    @Test
    public void Test(){
        System.out.println("这是一个测试类");
    }
}

PS：此注解也可以加属性使用（@Test（timeout = 1000）），这个意思是如果注解里面的内容执行时长超过1000ms，就报错。

@Test(timeout = 1000)
public void test01() throws InterruptedException {
    Thread.sleep(1100);
    System.out.println("测试");
}   

报错内容如下：

org.junit.runners.model.TestTimedOutException: test timed out after 1000 milliseconds

	at java.lang.Thread.sleep(Native Method)
	at com.hwt.test.TestAnnotation.test01(TestAnnotation.java:17)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
	at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
	at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:50)
	at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
	at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:47)
	at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:17)
	at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.FailOnTimeout$CallableStatement.call(FailOnTimeout.java:298)
	at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.FailOnTimeout$CallableStatement.call(FailOnTimeout.java:292)
	at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:266)
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)

2、服务器注解：（@WebServlet("/类名") ）

@WebServlet("/LoginServlet")
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("登录验证服务器");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

3、监听类注册注解：（@WebListener）

@WebListener
public class MyServletContextListener implements ServletContextListener {
    /**
     * 初始化时调用
     * @param servletContextEvent
     */
    @Override
    public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent servletContextEvent) {
        System.out.println("servletContext初始化了！");
    }

    /**
     * 销毁时调用
     * @param servletContextEvent
     */
    @Override
    public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent servletContextEvent) {
        System.out.println("servletContext销毁了！");
    }

4、过滤器注册注解：（@WebFilter(urlPatterns = "/*" , filterName = "类名")）

@WebFilter(urlPatterns = "/*", filterName = "FilterDemo")
public class FilterDemo implements Filter {
    public void destroy() {
    }

    public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse resp, FilterChain chain) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("来到过滤器！");
        chain.doFilter(req, resp);
    }

    public void init(FilterConfig config) throws ServletException {

    }

}

过滤器多个url注解（@WebFilter(urlPatterns = {"/...","/...","/..." }, filterName = "类名")）Ps:...处为要添加过滤器的地址

@WebFilter(urlPatterns = {"/jsp/cart.jsp","/jsp/order_info.jsp","/jsp/order_list.jsp"}, filterName = "PriviledgeFilter")
public class PriviledgeFilter  implements Filter {

    public void destroy() {
    }

    public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse resp, FilterChain chain) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("来到过滤器！");
        chain.doFilter(req, resp);
    }

    public void init(FilterConfig config) throws ServletException {

    }

}

二、Spring中的注解使用：

1、在配置文件beans.xml中开启注解

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <!-- bean definitions here -->
    <!--开启注解-->
    <context:annotation-config/>
    <!--注解的位置-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.hwt"></context:component-scan>

</beans>

2、注解使用：

①bean注解：@Component或者@Component（“id”）

作用：取代beans.xml中的配置<bean class=" ">

@Component
public class Test {

    public void test() {
        System.out.println("测试注解！");
    }

}

@Component("test")
public class Test {

    public void test() {
        System.out.println("测试注解！");
    }

}

②dao层注解：@Repository或者@Repository（“id”）

@Repository
public class UserDaoImp implements UserDao {
    @Override
    public void add(User user) {
        System.out.println("dao层：添加方法："+user);
    }
}

③Service层注解：@Service或者@Service（“id”）

@Service
public class UserServiceImp implements UserService {
    @Autowired
    private UserDao userDao;

    @Override
    public void add(User user) {
        System.out.println("UserService添加用户:"+user);
        userDao.add(user);
    }
}

④Web层注解：@Controller或者@Controller（“id”）

@Controller
public class UserAction {
    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;
    public void add(User user){
        System.out.println("action层，添加方法："+user);
        userService.add(user);
    }
}

⑤自动注入属性值注解：@Autowired

    @Autowired
    private UserDao userDao;

⑥根据指定的id注入属性值注解：@Qualifier("id")

    @Autowired
    @Qualifier("myUserService")
    private UserDao userDao;

⑦根据指定id自动注入属性值注解：@Resource(name = "id")

    //@Autowired
    //@Qualifier("myUserService")

    @Resource(name = "myUserService")//等效于前面两行代码
    private UserDao userDao;

三、SpringBoot中注解使用：

1、声明Rest风格的控制器：@RestController

2、自动配置，相当于写了spring的配置文件：@EnableAutoConfiguration

3、声明访问路径：@RequestMapping("/hello/{name}")

4、声明返回json格式数据：@ResponseBody

5、将URL中占位符参数{xxx}绑定到处理器类的方法形参中：@PathVariable(“xxx“)或者@PathVariable()

@RestController//声明Rest风格的控制器
@EnableAutoConfiguration//自动配置，相当于写了spring的配置文件
public class HelloController {

    @RequestMapping("/hello/{name}")
    @ResponseBody
    public String hello(@PathVariable()String name){
        return name+",Hello,Spring Boot";
    }
}

6、声明控制器切面：@ControllerAdvice

7、声明拦截异常：@ExceptionHandler(RuntimeException.class)，RuntimeException.class表示运行时异常

@ControllerAdvice
public class GlobalExceptionHandler {
    @ResponseBody
    @ExceptionHandler(RuntimeException.class)
    public Map<String,Object> exceptionHandler(){
        Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
        map.put("errorCode","101");
        map.put("errorMsg","系统错误！");
        return map;
    }
}

边学边更新。。。。